scholarly journals Energy audit of rice production in West Sumatra province, Indonesia

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S6) ◽  
pp. 96-106
Author(s):  
R.E. Putri ◽  
M.I.A. Lubis ◽  
Andasuryani ◽  
A. Hasan ◽  
Santosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Input Energy ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
The Government

Audit energy is an appropriate method to determine the energy consumption expended in each agricultural cultivation activity, thereby reducing the wasteful use of energy. Energy consumption in rice cultivations consists of humans, fuel, machinery, seed, fertilizer and pesticides. The objective of the study was to analyze the total energy consumptions in the form of an energy audit activity on lowland rice cultivation in West Sumatera Indonesia. It is important to do, because of much energy input excessed, but less on productivity. So, by using analysis energy expenditure, productivity can be optimized with fixed input energy the costs could be minimized. Energy inputs were measured during all operating activities in rice cultivation (seeding, tillage, planting, fertilizing, spraying, weeding and harvesting). Energy input analysis based on energy sources used was divided into six parameters, namely: engine energy, fuel, humans, seeds, chemicals (pesticides) and fertilizer energy. The result showed the average of the total energy inputs in this study was 16,816,612 MJ/ha distributed to human, fuel, machinery, seeds, fertilizers and pesticides energy respectively 216.39; 890.75; 60.02; 983.29; 14,207.54; and 458.60 MJ/ha. Production costs incurred in rice cultivation activities in this study were IDR 13,107,562/ ha. Finally, the rice yield prediction model based on the input energy are Y1 = 4786.56 – 28.29X1 + 36.23X2 - 24.73X3 - 8.43X4 + 0.06X5 - 0.80X6 and Y2 = 3605.11 + 5.44X2. The data of total energy were needed as a recommendation for the government to balance energy input and output on rice cultivations.

scholarly journals GIS-Based Energy Consumption and Spatial Variation of Protected Grape Cultivation in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Tian ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Xuejian Wei ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Weisong Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Input Structure ◽  
The Difference

This paper compares the difference in energy consumption in different sub-patterns and features of energy consumption structures used in protected grape production systems using statistical data. Then, spatial characteristics between different production modes based on geographic information systems are also analyzed. The results reveal that the types of energy consumption include steel, iron wire, water, chemical fertilizer, pesticides, electric power, organic fertilizer, plastic films, and labor. The total energy consumption for protected grape production was 210,534.3 MJ ha−1 in 2011, 211,504.6 MJ ha−1 in 2012, and 222,571.8 MJ ha−1 in 2013. From the perspective of cultivation modes, early ripening production and late ripening production consumed more energy than rain-shelter production; in terms of facility types, the total energy input of both vinyl tunnels and solar greenhouses were always higher than rain-shelter greenhouses. Indirect and non-renewable energy consumption were higher than that of direct and renewable energy, which accounted for 90% of energy consumption. Spatial analysis showed that the values of Moran’s I were all positive for the three years, which means protected grape input had a positive spatial autocorrelation. Therefore, we should adjust the energy input structure and choose more sustainable production modes to improve the sustainability of the production of protected grapes.

scholarly journals Energy balance of irrigated maize silage

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás de Aquino Ferreira ◽  
Sílvia Costa Ferreira ◽  
Jackson Antônio Barbosa ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Silva Volpato ◽  
Rute Costa Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Direct Energy

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the energy balance and energy efficiency of the silage maize crop in the Center for Research, Development and Technology Transfer of the Universidade Federal de Lavras (CDTT-UFLA). The crop was irrigated by center pivot and the stages of maize cultivation and energy inputs were monitored for the 1st and 2nd crops of the 2014/2015 harvest. Results from the energy analysis showed the crop had a total energy input of 45,643.85 MJ ha-1 and 47,303.60 MJ ha-1 for the 1st and 2nd crops and a significant predominance of direct energy type (about 92% of the matrix). Regarding direct energy inputs, the diesel oil was the most representative, contributing with approximately 38% of the total energy demand. Conversely, the irrigation system contribute with 3.92% e 5.97% in the 1st and 2nd crops, representing the largest indirect energy input. Nevertheless, irrigation and crop management allowed the system achieving high levels of productivity, resulting in an energy efficiency of 25.1 and 28.1 for the first and second crops respectively.

scholarly journals Analysis of Energy Consumption of the Reduction of Fe2O3 by Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide Mixtures

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1986
Author(s):  
Guanyong Sun ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Wensheng Yang ◽  
Jing Guo ◽  
Hanjie Guo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Concentration ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Equilibrium Composition ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Principle

Energy consumption is directly related to the energy supply and production costs of gas-based direct reduction ironmaking, which is an effective choice to reduce the energy consumption of iron making. In this paper, the minimum Gibbs free energy principle was used to calculate the equilibrium composition under the conditions of reduction gas consisting of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (hydrogen concentration of 0–100%, reduction gas amount of 0–6.0 mol, reduction temperature of 790–1100 °C, and 0.5 mol Fe2O3). According to the enthalpy change, a simplified energy consumption model of a gas-based direct reduction ironmaking process was established, and the energy consumption per mole of metallic iron produced was calculated in detail. The following conclusions were drawn: at the stage when the reduction reaction occurred, the utilization rate of hydrogen or carbon monoxide remained unchanged with the increase in the amount of reduction gas or the increase in the hydrogen concentration of initial gas. The direct energy consumption increased with the increase in the hydrogen concentration at 790–980 °C and the opposite was true at 980–1100 °C. At 790–980 °C, the total energy consumption per ton of iron was greater than 0 and increased with the increase in initial hydrogen concentration from 40% to 100%, and it was less than 0 and increased with the increase in initial hydrogen concentration from 0% to 30%. It was possible to achieve zero total energy consumption with a hydrogen concentration of 30% and a 973 °C reduction.

Analysis of Energy Consumption for Protected Grape Production System in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 2468-2472
Author(s):  
Dong Tian ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Jian Ying Feng
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Use Efficiency

This study examines energy consumption of inputs and output used in protected grape production, and aims at to find relationship between energy inputs and yield in the major protected grape producing regions in China. For this purpose, the data were collected from 516 questionnaires which included 304 effective ones by questionnaire survey method. The results indicated that total energy inputs were 57697.84 MJha-1where the Chemical with (32.4%) and Fertilizer with about (21.1%) were the major energy consumers. About 53.4% of the total energy inputs used in protected grape production was indirect while 46.6% was direct. The non-renewable shared about 78% whereas the renewable energy did 22%. Average yield and energy consumption are calculated as 25367.22Kgha-1and 299333.2MJha-1. Energy use efficiency, energy productivity, specific energy and net energy were 5.18, 0.44 kgMJ-1, 2.27 MJkg-1and241635.36 MJha-1, respectively.

scholarly journals Perdagangan Antarpulau Komoditas Cabai di Indonesia: Dinamika Produksi dan Stabilitas Harga

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Supriadi ◽  
Wahyuning Kusuma Sejati
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Price Transmission ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
West Java ◽  
Central Java ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
The Government

<p>The Study of Inter-island Trade (PAP) of chilli commodities is carried out with the aim of analyzing trade performance, as well as formulating policy alternatives that support the development of chili commodities. The study was conducted in 2016 in Central Java, West Java and West Sumatra. The analytical method used is quantitative descriptive analysis related toPAP distribution patterns, policies on regulation, marketing networks and price transmission elasticity. The results showed that chilli production increased sharply in the province of West Java, while in Central Java, West Sumatra, Lampung and other provinces relatively slow increases due to disease problems and limited land. The stabilization of red chili production on the islands of Java and West Sumatra greatly determines price stability in other regions. Chili production in West Sumatra still does not meet demand, where the distribution of chili from DIY and Central Java to West Sumatra Province tends to increase more than the out-flow of chili from   the province. The government has attempted to stabilize the price of red chili, maintain a balance between the regions of surplus and deficit, and minimize the price disparity between regions, but so far it has not been successful due to the constraints of low production so that demand is not met and high transportation costs. The development of an agribusiness station (STA) such as in West Java has not been effective in accommodating and marketing the results of farmers because marketing has been controlled by large traders who are capable of PAP.In general, several factors that make low prices and price fluctuations at the farm level are caused by the varying quality of products produced by farmers, increased production costs, information that is not symmetrical and low bargaining power by marketers. Java island because prices in Java determine prices in other regions, especially in Java, Sumatra and Kalimantan. Vertical coordination and marketing contracts can be used as a risk management tool for income and prices because there are provisions on the selling price for farmers</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Studi Perdagangan Antar Pulau (PAP) komoditas cabai dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja perdagangan, serta merumuskan alternatif kebijakan yang mendukung pengembangan komoditas cabai. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2016 di Jawa Tengah, Jawa Barat dan Sumatera Barat. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif terkait pola distribusi PAP, kebijakan terhadap regulasi, jaringan pemasaran, dan elastisitas transmisi harga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produksi cabai meningkat secara tajam di Provinsi Jawa Barat, sedangkan di Jawa Tengah, Sumatera Barat, Lampung, dan provinsi lainnya relatif lambat kenaikannya karena masalah penyakit dan keterbatasan lahan. Stabilisasi produksi cabai merah di pulau Jawa dan Sumatera Barat sangat menentukan stabilitas harga di wilayah lain. Produksi cabai di Sumatera Barat masih belum memenuhi permintaan, dimana Arus distribusi cabai dari DIY dan Jawa Tengah ke Provinsi Sumatera Barat cenderung meningkat lebih banyak dari pada yang keluar provinsi.<em> </em>Pemerintah telah berupaya untuk stabilisasi harga cabai merah, menjaga keseimbangan antara daerah surplus dan defisit, serta memperkecil disparitas harga antar daerah, akan tetapi sejauh ini belum berhasil karena kendala rendahnya produksi sehingga permintaan kurang terpenuhi dan tingginya biaya transportasi pengangkutan. Pembangunan stasiun agribisnis (STA) seperti di Jawa Barat belum efektif menampung dan memasarkan hasil petani karena pemasaran sudah dikuasai oleh pedagang besar yang berkemampuan melakukan PAP. Secara umum beberapa faktor yang menjadikan rendahnya harga dan fluktuasi harga di tingkat petani disebabkan oleh beragamnya kuallitas produk yang dihasilkan oleh petani, meningkatnya biaya produksi, informasi yang tidak simetri dan rendahnya daya tawar oleh pelaku pemasaran. Perlu upaya peningkatan dan stabilisasi produksi cabai merah di pulau Jawa karena harga di Jawa sangat menentukan harga di wilayah lain, terutama di wilayah Jawa, Sumatera dan Kalimantan.  Koordinasi vertikal dan kontrak pemasaran dapat digunakan sebagai alat manajemen risiko pendapatan dan harga karena ada ketentuan harga jual bagi petani.    <strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Trade Openness and Urbanization impact on Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiabin han ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan ◽  
Irfan Ullah ◽  
Alam Rehman ◽  
Fakhr E Alam Afridi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Urbanization Effect ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All

Abstract This study investigates the trade openness and urbanization effect on renewable and non-renewable energy consumption in China for the period 1990-2018. We apply the Quantile Regression technique for the analysis, our results show that trade significantly increases the non-renewable energy consumption in all quintiles while partially increases renewable energy consumption. This shows that trade activities in production and export commodities heavily rely on non-renewable energy inputs instead of renewable energy inputs. Urbanization affects non-renewable energy consumption only in three quintiles, while its effect is insignificant in most of the quintiles. Similarly, Urbanization does not affect renewable energy consumption as in almost all quantiles the coefficients are statistically insignificant. This implies that urbanization is one of the determinant of energy consumption in China. The empirical findings of this study suggest some policy recommendations; first, the government needs to implement certain regulations while expanding trade to minimize the negative effect of non-renewable energy consumption; besides government should provide incentives to industrial units and traders for using renewable energy which may help to attain long term sustainable development goals.

scholarly journals Calculation of solar-energy inputs into melt ponds

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 188-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor A. Podgorny
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Spectral Band ◽  
Radiative Energy ◽  
Illumination Condition ◽  
Melt Ponds ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Total Energy Input ◽  
Bottom Albedo

The emphasis of this paper is on the partitioning of solar energy in an open plane-parallel melt pond with a Lambertian bottom. Spectral radiative-energy fluxes into the meltwater and underlying ice ocean layers are calculated analytically as a function of pond-bottom spectral albedo, pond depth and illumination condition Albedo of the pond bottom is reconstructed from data on pond albedo and depth. Results of calculations are presented for melt ponds of comparatively high and comparatively low reflectivity for a broad range of pond depths and for various illumination conditions. In the 350–700 nm spectral band, spectrally averaged pond albedo and solar-energy inputs are a function of pond-bottom albedo, pond depth and illumination condition. In the 700–2400 nm spectral band, the partitioning of solar energy in melt ponds depends on pond depth and illumination condition only. The effect of uncertainty in specifying pond-bottom albedo on total energy input into the water layer is relatively small compared to that on spectrally averaged pond albedo and total energy input into the ice-ocean layer.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis on Energy-Use Patterns of Cropping Systems in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3868
Author(s):  
Morteza Zangeneh ◽  
Narges Banaeian ◽  
Sean Clark
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Total Energy Input ◽  
Environmental Emissions

We present a meta-analysis of energy-consumption and environmental-emissions patterns in Iranian cropping systems using data collected from articles published between 2008 and 2018 for 21 different crops. The results show that the crops consuming the most energy per hectare are tomato, sugarcane, cucumber and alfalfa, while sunflower consumed the least. The average total energy input for all crops in Iran during the study period was 48,029 MJ ha−1. Our analysis revealed that potato has the highest potential to reduce energy consumption and that electricity and fertilizer inputs have the most potential for energy savings in cropping systems. Not all studies reviewed addressed the factors that create energy consumption patterns and environmental emissions. Therefore, eight indicators were modeled in this meta-analysis, which include Total Energy Input, Energy Productivity, Energy Use Efficiency, Net Energy, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Technical Efficiency, Pure Technical Efficiency and Scale Efficiency. The effects of region (which was analyzed in terms of climate), year and crop or product type on these eight indicators were modeled using meta-regression and the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test. To create a comprehensive picture and roadmap for future research, the process of the agricultural-systems analysis cycle is discussed. This review and meta-analysis can be used as a guide to provide useful information to researchers working on the energy dynamics of agricultural systems, especially in Iran, and in making their choices of crop types and regions in need of study.

Forecasting the total energy consumption in Ghana using grey models

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kwadzo Katani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Grey Models ◽  
The Future ◽  
Grey Verhulst Model ◽  
Verhulst Model ◽  
The Government

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to forecast the future trend of Ghana’s total energy consumption (GTEC) using two grey models, which are GM(1,1) and the grey Verhulst model. Design/methodology/approach The paper employs the use of Even model GM(1,1) and the grey Verhulst model to forecast GTEC for the next five years. Since various models were used, the margin for error is minimal, hence resulting in a better choice for forecasting the future. The forecast reveals that the GTEC for the next five years will increase rapidly. Findings The results reveal that the models can be used accurately to predict the total energy consumption smoothly. This will aid the government of Ghana to take necessary measures such as transforming the economic development pattern and enhancing the energy utilization efficiency since future patterns of energy consumed can be predicted. Research limitations/implications This research is meaningful to the government and all stakeholders in Ghana to help develop and appreciate the energy sector and its economic impact. This research is going to help government put in measures for efficient utilization of energy since results reveal an increase in energy consumption. Practical implications Research results could be used for development of the energy sector through managerial and economic decision making. Originality/value Ghana is a developing country and has great prospects in terms of boosting or resourcing its energy sector to meet future demands. The successfully explored models could aid the government of Ghana to formulate policies in the energy sector and generate future consumption plans.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Sprayer Control on the Increase in the Productivity of the Machine-Tractor Aggregate in the Protection of Orchards

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Zoran Maličević ◽  
Milan Jugović ◽  
Siniša Mitrić ◽  
Dragoljub Mitrović
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Drop Size ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Chemical Protection ◽  
Energy Inputs

For the chemical protection of orchards, a research on the surface area of 150 ha was carried out, and a method of spraying was applied. In this method, machines known as orchard sprayer are used, in which, in the presence of the produced air current, liquid disintegration is also carried out at a drop size of 50 to 150 μm. The aim of the research is to improve the precision of work within the control of the device, where the emphasis on the nozzle capacity is primarily augmented, and therefore increases the productivity of the device. The results obtained on the basis of a 10-hour working time prove that the exploitation of the controlled orchard sprayer ensures greater productivity by 2.24 ha on a plot distanced 50 m from the location of the tank refill, i.e., 2.20 ha on a plot distanced 2000 m from the location of the tank refill, for the drawn sprayer of 1.000 l volume. By analyzing the total energy inputs of orchard protection, different application models point to a smaller energy input when using controlled devices on a 50 m range for 7.58%. Energy inputs on a longer distance plot are by 24.68% lower in favor of the treatment of controlled sprayer.

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