scholarly journals Antimicrobial activities of extracts from Urtica urens

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1487-1492
Author(s):  
M.K. Pillai ◽  
R.P. Matamane ◽  
S.B. Mekbib
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Urtica Urens

The antibacterial and antifungal activities of various extracts from Urtica urens were evaluated against selected microorganisms using agar hole-plate diffusion method. A total of ten extracts namely U. urens hexane leaf extract (HLE), chloroform leaf extract (CLE), ethyl acetate leaf extract (ELE), methanolic leaf extract (MLE), hexane stem-bark extract (HSB), chloroform stem-bark extract (CSB), ethyl acetate stem-bark extract (ESB), methanolic stem-bark extract (MSB), chloroform root extract (CRT) and methanolic root extract (MRT) were prepared. These extracts were evaluated against two Gram-positive bacteria viz. Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, four Gram-negative bacteria viz. Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli (wild strain) and Escherichia coli (O157:H7) and two fungal isolates viz. Candida albicans and Penicillium digitatum. The inhibition zones of these extracts were found to be in the range of 9.0±0.0 to 40.5±0.7 mm against bacterial isolates and 16.0±4.2 to 17.5±4.9 mm against C. albicans. However, all these extracts exhibited no visible zone of inhibition against P. digitatum. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these extracts were also determined and were found to be in the range of <31.25 to >1000 µg/mL against both bacterial and fungal isolates. From this study, we concluded that ELS, MLE, CRT and MRT showed promising antimicrobial activities.

scholarly journals Comparative Phytochemical and in vitro Antioxidant Screening of the Root and Stem Bark of Annona muricata Linn

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-61
Author(s):  
C. E. Anarado ◽  
F. M. Chukwubueze ◽  
C. J. O. Anarado ◽  
N. L. Umedum ◽  
C. B. Nwanya
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Aim: To compare the phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of stem bark and root extracts of Annona muricata. Methodology: The stem bark and root of Annona muricata were collected, washed, air-dried, ground and each extracted with methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane. The extracts were analysed for the presence of phytochemicals. Antioxidant screening was also carried out on the samples. Results: Cardiac glycosides were present in all the extracts of both root and stem bark. Alkaloids were present in moderate abundance in all the extracts except the ethyl acetate stem bark extract. Saponins and tannins were found in methanol extracts of both parts and also in very high abundance but the stem contained higher amount of saponins while alkaloids and tannins were found more in the root. Flavonoids were only found in the ethyl acetate stem bark extract.  Steroids were absent in all the extracts except n-hexane root extract. The root showed greater enzymatic antioxidant activities than the stem bark. The solvent polarity affected the phytochemical found in each extract.  The antioxidant activities of the catalase, superoxidase dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly higher in the root of Annona muricata than in the stem. Conversely, peroxidase showed a significantly higher activity in the stem than in the root. Conclusion: The stem bark and root exhibited good antioxidant properties, so there is need to isolate the compounds responsible for antioxidant property exhibited by the plant parts.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activities of extracts from stem bark of Tagetes minuta

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2089-2094
Author(s):  
M.K. Pillai ◽  
L.I. Santi ◽  
S.B. Mekbib
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Tagetes Minuta ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Tagetes minuta hexane stem bark extract (TMHESB), chloroform stem bark extract (TMCHSB), ethyl acetate stem bark extract (TMEASB) and methanolic stem bark extract (TMMESB) were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities using hole-plate diffusion method. Six bacterial isolates viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli (wild), Escherichia coli (O157:H7), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens and two fungal isolates viz. Candida albicans and Penicillium digitatum were used for this study. The inhibition zones were found to be in the ranges of 10.0±1.6 to 15.5±1.9 mm against bacterial isolates and 11.3±2.1 to 13.4±1.2 mm against P. digitatum. However, these extracts did not exhibit any visible inhibition zone against C. albicans. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these extracts were also determined and was found to be in the range of <31.25 to 1000 µg/mL. From this study, we concluded that extracts of the stem bark of T. minuta showed a moderate to significant antimicrobial activities. T. minuta has been used in food and beverage industries as preservative, coloring and flavoring agents. T. minuta also finds therapeutic applications in the traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Efficacy, Secondary Metabolite Constituents, Ligand Docking of Enantia chlorantha on Selected Multidrug Resistance Bacteria and Fungi

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Thonda Oluwakemi Abike ◽  
Oludare Temitope Osuntokun ◽  
Aladejana Oluwatoyin Modupe ◽  
Ajadi Fatima Adenike ◽  
Akinyemi R. Atinuke
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Ligand Docking ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

This study aimed at determining the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial efficacy of Enantia chlorantha on multidrug resistance microorganisms.And also to study the interaction of plant secondary metabolite (phytochemicals) from Enantia chlorantha with three proteins. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts of E. chlorantha (leaf and stem bark) against selected microorganisms was done using agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were also determined using standard methods. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of E. chlorantha were also determined. The molecular docking was determined using in-silico techniques and was elucidated. Protein generation, Ligand generation and Ligand Docking using GLIDE were determined. Standard precision (SP) flexible ligand docking was carried out in Glide of Schrödinger-Maestro 11.1 and the extra-precision (XP) mode. The crude extracts tested showed antimicrobial activities against all the test bacterial and fungal isolates for the stem bark extract while the leaf extract showed antimicrobial activities against some of the isolates with little differences. The zones of inhibition ranges between 9mm-24mm at 100mg/ml for the ethanol extract and 10mm-13mm at 12.5mg/ml. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) at which the isolates were sensitive to the various extracts differed and the MIC values ranged from 12.5mg/ml to 100mg/ml while the MBC for the organisms ranged from 25mg/ml to 100mg/ml.The qualitative phytochemical screening of Enantia chlorantha leaf and stem bark revealed the presence of medicinally active constituent such as cardiac glycoside, steroids, anthraquinone,tannin, saponin, phenol, and reducing sugar. The quantitative phytochemical screening of E. chlorantha stem bark and leaf using different solvents, showed the presence of different phytoconstituents in different quantities. Molecular docking results revealed some components of the plant to be more active compared to levofloxacin by inhibiting topoisomerase IV. Jartrorrhizine-1 and canadine-1 present in Enantia chlorantha have docking scores of -2.267 and -1.625 respectively which are greater than that of levofloxacin (-1.557) against Salmonella typhi. For Staphylococcus aureus, Argentine.sdf (-7.373) and Jartrorrhizine.sdf (-4.225) have high docking scores compared to Levofloxacin.sdf (-3.436) as well as Candida albican.The promising evidence for the antimicrobial effects of E. chlorantha against bacterial and fungal isolates in this study especially the stem bark extract showed that Enantia chlorantha is more effective at treating diseases caused by Salmonella typhi and other organisms and therefore can be used as an alternative source of therapeutic agents.

Bioactive Compounds and in vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Ethanol Stem Bark Extract of Trilepisium madagascariense DC.

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 901-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufunmiso Olusola Olajuyigbe ◽  
Tolulope Esther Onibudo ◽  
Roger Murugas Coopoosamy ◽  
Anofi Omotayo Tom Ashafa ◽  
Anthony Jide Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Lack of in vitro antihyaluronidase activity of methanolic leaf extract of Indigofera tinctoria L and methanolic stem bark extract of Stereospermum suaveolens DC

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
WanigasekaraDaya Ratnasooriya ◽  
ChathurangaBharathee Ranaweera ◽  
WalimuniPrabhashini Abeysekara ◽  
Ranjith Pathirana
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Indigofera Tinctoria

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Garcinia latissima Miq. Stem Bark Extract

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1s) ◽  
pp. s56-s59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neneng Siti Silfi Ambarwati ◽  
Berna Elya ◽  
Amarila Malik ◽  
Muhamad Hanafi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF NUTMEG (Myristica fragrans Houtt) STEM BARK

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Ilham Maulana ◽  
Binawati Ginting ◽  
Nurdin Nurdin ◽  
Saiful Fakri
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Myristica Fragrans ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Myristica Fragrans Houtt

Antioxidant activity test for the extract of ethyl acetate nutmeg stem bark (Myristica fragrans Houtt) was carried out using 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazil (DPPH). The test results of antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate nutmeg stem bark extract with DPPH method at a concentration of 25 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm obtained IC50 value = 68.14 ppm with IC50 value of vitamin C (as positive control) 3.657 ppm. The results of column chromatographic separation of ethyl acetate nutmeg stem bark extract obtained 5 combined fractions namely MFEK 1, MFEK 2, MFEK 3, MFEK 4 and MFEK 5. The test results of the fraction antioxidant activity in a good category were the MFEK 1 fraction. The MFEK 2 fraction to MFEK 5 showed an antioxidant activity lower than compared  to the ethyl acetate extract. This shows that the ethyl acetate nutmeg stem bark extract has a better inhibitory activity, because there are several active compounds contained in the extract which can inhibit free radicals, so the IC50 value of the extract is better than the fractions.

scholarly journals In vitro antiplasmodial activity, cytotoxicity, antioxidant action and GC-FID analysis of Allanblackia floribunda Oliv

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Irabor ◽  
Osamudiamen Ebohon ◽  
Nekpen Erhunse ◽  
Osariemen T. Okugbo ◽  
Ehimwenma S. Omoregie
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Vero Cell Line ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Abstract This study evaluated the in vitro antiplasmodial efficacy and cytotoxicity of Allanbackia floribunda stem bark extract, leaf extract and oil. It also assessed the phytochemical compositions and antioxidant action of the stem bark fractions as well as the phytochemical fingerprint of the most active fraction (dichloromethane). Trager and Jensen method was used to culture Plasmodium falciparum, Mark III test developed by WHO was used to assess the antiplasmodial activity of the plant’s crude extract and fractions against the ring stage of P. falciparum strain, Pf3D7. Cytotoxicity was determined against Vero cell line using microculture tetrazolium (MTT) test. Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) was employed to identify phytochemical fingerprint of the most active fraction. The stem bark extract had better antiplasmodial activity (IC50Pf3D7 of 4.3 ± 0.17 μg/mL) compared with the leaf extract (IC50Pf3D7, 8.0 ± 0.28 μg/mL) and oil (IC50Pf3D7 > 100 μg/mL). Both the leaf and stem bark extracts were found to be non-cytotoxic compared with the standard cytotoxic drug, doxorubicin. The selectivity indices (S.I.) of the extracts against the parasite were 20.06 and 8.85 for the stem bark and leaf respectively. Dichloromethane fraction had the highest inhibition against the P. falciparum parasite with IC50Pf3D7 of 1.51 μg/ mL. GC-FID analysis showed high presence antiplasmodial flavonoids and terpenes. This investigation confirmed that A. floribunda stem bark has potent activity against P. falciparum, and it is relatively safe to normal cell. Article Highlights Allanblackia floribunda methanol stem bark and leaf extracts could inhibit the growth of chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium falciparum (Pf3D7) in vitro. The stem bark infusion of Allanblackia floribunda was found to be nontoxic and safe at moderate doses to normal cell line (Vero cell line). Dichloromethane fraction of the stem bark showed excellent inhibition against chloroquine sensitive malaria parasite.

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