scholarly journals Physical characteristics of nanoemulsion from chitosan/nutmeg seed oil and evaluation of its coating against microbial growth on strawberry

Food Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 821-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Horison ◽  
F.O. Sulaiman ◽  
D. Alfredo ◽  
A.A. Wardana
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
High Pressure Homogenizer

The objectives of this research were to characterize nanoemulsion from chitosan/nutmeg seed oil and to evaluate its coating on fresh strawberry which stored at 10oC for 5 days. The ultraturrax and high-pressure homogenizer were used to prepare 1.34±0.25 - 5.79±1.61 nm of nanoemulsion size which confirmed by particle size analyzer. The morphology observed by SEM that exhibited the oil globules were covered by chitosan. They were aggregated and rough droplets. Interactions among the materials were observed using FTIR which led to the presence of a new peak at 1736 cm-1 . The coated strawberry by high-pressure homogenizer-emulsion showed the best result suppressing microbial (2.41±0.01) and mould-yeast (2.78±0.10) growth at the end of storage compared to control which were 3.37±0.02 and 3.69±0.14 for microbial and mould-yeast count respectively.

Fig. 31 Internals of colloid mill. (From Ref. 29.) colloid mills, typically equipped with rotor diameters of 10-30 cm, provide flow rates in the area of 4000-6000 L/hr, depending upon the viscosity. The key operating requirements of colloid mills are to feed the mill with a well-blended premix and to set the gap at the correct and reproducible setting. There is of-ten some difficulty with setting the gap at exactly the required distance, since the cali-bration of the gap can only be done at the manufacturer. This is less of a problem if the mill is well made and the product is not abrasive. If abrasive wear attacks the ro-tor or stator, the gap may become larger than the setting on the machine indicates. Colloid mills are generally used as "polishing" machines for emulsions or sus-pensions. That is, after the product has been totally and uniformly blended, the batch is passed through the colloid mill one or two times to further reduce the droplet or particle size. Whether or not multiple recycling passes are required depends on prod-uct requirements. Generally speaking, the colloid mill produces emulsions and suspen-sions with particle-size distributions smaller than the particle sizes obtainable using fixed gap rotor/stator mixers. They do represent an extra step in the process, and their use is suggested only when it is found that this added ability to disperse is necessary to produce a fine enough particle- or droplet-size product to enhance a product's stabil-ity. 3. Piston Homogenizers The most powerful device for producing emulsions and suspensions is the piston ho-mogenizer or high-pressure homogenizer. This device uses a high-power positive dis-placement piston-type pump to produce pressures of 3000-10,000 psig and then force

1998 ◽  
pp. 361-363
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
High Power ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Extra Step ◽  
High Pressure Homogenizer ◽  
Multiple Recycling

scholarly journals Making Concentrated Pterostilbene Highly Bioavailable in Pressure Processed Phospholipid Nanoemulsion

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Fu-Min Sun ◽  
Yu-Jou Chou ◽  
Qingrong Huang ◽  
Jing-Yu Hu ◽  
Yuwen Ting
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
High Pressure Homogenizer ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Monolayer Model

Pterostilbene, a dimethylether analog of resveratrol, has been found to have potent biological activity. However, the bioavailability of pterostilbene in the biological system is limited due to its poor solubility in an aqueous environment. A nanoemulsion system was designed for this purpose. Lecithin-based nanoemulsion was formed after 3 cycles through a high-pressure homogenizer at 500 psi. The rheological properties and particle size were measured using dynamic light scattering and a viscometer. The storage stabilities of the prepared formulation were determined based on its ability to maintain its particle size and loading concentration. According to the experimental results, the lecithin-based nanoemulsion system contained approximately 9.5% of pterostilbene. Over the 28-day stability test, the particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation of pterostilbene in the nanoemulsion did not change significantly, indicating good storage stability. The positive effect of the prepared nanoemulsion system on bioavailability was studied and confirmed using in vitro lipolysis and a caco-2 monolayer model.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA NANOEMULSI MINYAK BIJI PALA (Antimicrobial Activity of Nutmeg Oil Nanoemulsion)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iceu Agustinisari ◽  
Endang Yuli Purwani ◽  
Niken Harimurti ◽  
Sri Yuliani
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
High Pressure Homogenizer

<p>Minyak biji pala mengandung senyawa bioaktif yang memiliki aktivitas antimikroba. Senyawa bioaktif umumnya bersifat tidak stabil sehingga mudah mengalami penurunan aktivitas biologisnya. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan stabilitasnya adalah dengan menggunakan teknologi nano. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendapatkan formulasi nanoemulsi minyak biji pala dengan ukuran droplet partikel &lt;300 nm sebagai bahan antimikroba, (2) mendapatkan formulasi nanoemulsi yang memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terbaik terhadap mikroba E.coli, S.aureus dan S.cereviseae. Proses nanoemulsi minyak biji pala dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat High Pressure Homogenizer pada tekanan 20000 psi atau 137,931 KPa dengan 5 siklus. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap 12 formulasi yang diperoleh dari kombinasi antara tiga konsentrasi minyak (5%, 10% dan 15%) dan dua jenis surfaktan (tween 20 dan tween 80) dengan tiga tingkat konsentrasi (10%, 15% dan 20% dari massa minyak biji pala). Pengujian aktivitas antikmikroba dilakukan dengan metode difusi sumur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formulasi nanoemulsi minyak biji pala yang diperoleh memiliki ukuran droplet partikel 104,80-161,15 nm.. Konsentrasi minyak biji pala berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap zona penghambatan pertumbuhan mikroba. Nanoemulsi minyak biji pala dengan formulasi konsentrasi minyak biji pala 15% dan jenis surfaktan Tween 80 dengan konsentrasi 20% dari massa minyak (M15S20T80) memberikan efek penghambatan terbaik pada E.coli (11,25 mm), S.aureus (13,06 mm) dan S.cereviseae (11,4 mm).</p><p>Kata kunci :minyak biji pala, surfaktan, nanoemulsi, antimikroba, penghambatan</p><p>English Version Abstract</p><p>Nutmeg oil contained bioactive compounds which had antimicrobial activities. Generally, bioactive compounds have a limited stability, so that they undergo biological activity degradation easily. One of ways to increase its stability is using nanotechnology. This research was aimed (1) to obtain nutmeg oil nanoemulsion formulation which having particle size &lt;300 nm as antimicrobial agent, (2) to obtain nanoemulsion formulation which having the best antimicrobial activity toward E.coli, S.aureus and S.cereviseae. Processing of nanoemulsion was conducted using High Pressure Homogenizer at 20000 psi or 137,931 Kpa and 5 cycles. Observation was conducted to 12 nanoemulsion formulation which was gained from combination between concentration of nutmeg oil (5%, 10%, 15%) and types of surfactant (tween 20 and tween 80) with 3 level concentration (10%, 15% and 20% from nutmeg oil mass). Antimicrobial testing was conducted using agar well diffusion method. The result showed that formulation of nutmeg oil nanoemulsion having particle size 104,80-161,15 nm. Nutmeg oil concentration had significantly effect in inhibition zone of microbes growth. Formulation of nutmeg oil nanoemulsion with 15% nutmeg oil and surfactant tween 80 as much as 20% of nutmeg oil mass gave the best growth inhibition on E.coli (11,25 mm), S.aureus (13,06 mm) dan S.cereviseae (11,4 mm).</p><p>Keywords :nutmeg oil, nanoemulsion, antimicrobial, inhibition</p>

Mechanical disintegration of sewage sludge

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lehne ◽  
A. Müller ◽  
J. Schwedes
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Ball Mills ◽  
Mechanical Disintegration ◽  
High Pressure Homogenizer

Mechanical disintegration can be used for an accelerated and improved anaerobic digestion of excess sludge. The hydrolysis is the limiting step of this process. Mechanical disintegration can be used to disrupt the cell walls and to cause the release of the organic material from the cells. Particle size analysis describes the size reduction but is not suitable for characterising the release of the organic material and the cell disruption. Two biochemical methods were developed for these phenomena. One of the parameters provides information about the disruption of micro-organisms, the other one gives information about the release of organic material. Different ultrasonic homogenizers, a high pressure homogenizer and stirred ball mills were used for disintegration experiments using various parameters. The influences of a mechanical disintegration on the particle size and of the energy intensity on the disintegration were investigated. Further investigations had to detect the influence of the solid content on the disintegration results. For sludge with a higher solid content better results in terms of energy consumption could be achieved. An optimum of the bead diameter and the stress intensity in stirred ball mills could be detected. A comparison of the results of different methods of sludge disintegration shows that the investigated ultrasonic homogenizers are inferior to a high pressure homogenizer and a stirred ball mill in terms of energy consumption.

SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOPARTIKEL KITOSAN – EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH MANGGIS (Garcinia Mangostana)

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eriawan Rismana ◽  
Susi Kusumaningrum ◽  
Olivia Bunga P ◽  
Idah Rosidah ◽  
Marhamah Marhamah
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Solvent Residue ◽  
Mold And Yeast

The chitosan – Garcinia Mangostana extract nanoparticles has been prepared by ionic gelation reaction by mixture 0.2 % chitosan solution in acetic acid with Garcinia Mangostana extract and it’s continued by reaction process with 0.1 % sodium tripolyphosphate. The particle size of material was determined by Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) that it showed in the range of 200 – 500 nm. The color, pH, water, α- mangostin, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, lead, totally microbe aerobic, totally mold and yeast, and solvent residue contents of nanoparticles were also examined by many methods that these resulted are yellow, 4.50 – 5.50, 89 – 90 %, 1.05 %, < 0.005 ppm, < 0.01 ppm, < 0.01 ppm, < 0.05 ppm, < 10 CFU/g, < 10 CFU/g and not detected, respectively. The other characterization was also observed that it’sincluded stability andTLC chromatogram. A mixture of nanoparticles with cosmetics bases was showed that it’s increased stability, homogeneity and easy to formed.

In Vitro Estimation of Photo-Protective Potential of Pomegranate Seed Oil and Development of a Nanoformulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surbhi Dhawan ◽  
Sanju Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Topical Delivery ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Pomegranate Seed Oil ◽  
Protective Potential ◽  
Release Studies ◽  
Pomegranate Seed

Background: Since ancient times, people have been using natural resources for photoprotection purposes. One such highly recognised natural agent is pomegranate seed oil, considered as wonder oil owing to the presence of several beneficial phytoconstituents. </P><P> Objective: The study aimed to establish the photoprotective potential of pomegranate seed oil through various in vitro and biochemical studies along with the formation of nanoemulsion, an efficient topical delivery system for the oil. </P><P> Method: Photo-protective potential of the oil was estimated by determining in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, total phenolic content, anti elastase, antihyaluronidase and anticollagenase activities of the oil. Ultrasonication method was used to formulate nanoemulsions. The optimisation was done following the central composite design. The characterisation was done by particle size analysis, zeta potential, polydispersity index, pH, viscosity, stability testing and transmission electron microscopy. The optimised nanoemulsion was loaded into a gel base for topical application and further release studies were carried out. </P><P> Results: The IC50 values of anti-elastase, anti-collagenase and anti-hyaluronidase were found to be 309 mg/ml, 4 mg/ml and 95 mg/ml respectively. The results of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity were also significant, which thereby established the photo-protective potential of the oil. The optimum batch 2 had particle size 83.90 nm, 0.237 PDI and -5.37 mV zeta potential. The morphology was confirmed by TEM. Batch 2 was incorporated into a gel base and release studies showed 74.12 % release within 7 hours. </P><P> Conclusion: Pomegranate seed oil possesses a potential photo-protective ability. Nanoemulsions proved to be a promising carrier for the topical delivery of the oil.

Isolasi Dan Karakterisasi Bentonit Alam Menjadi Nanopartikel Monmorillonit

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaimahwati Zaimahwati ◽  
Yuniati Yuniati ◽  
Ramzi Jalal ◽  
Syahman Zhafiri ◽  
Yuli Yetri
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Sedimentation Processes

<p>Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan isolasi dan karakterisasi bentonit alam menjadi nanopartikel montmorillonit. Bentonit alam yang digunakan diambil dari desa Blangdalam, Kecamatan Nisam Kabupaten Aceh Utara.  Proses isolasi meliputi proses pelarutan dengan aquades, ultrasonic dan proses sedimentasi. Untuk mengetahui karakterisasi montmorillonit dilakukan uji FT-IR, X-RD dan uji morfologi permukaan dengan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Partikel size analyzer untuk menganalisis dan menentukan ukuran nanopartikel dari isolasi bentonit alam. Dari hasil penelitian didapat ukuran nanopartikel montmorillonit hasil isolasi dari bentonit alam diperoleh berdiameter rata-rata 82,15 nm.</p><p><em>In this research we have isolated and characterized natural bentonite into montmorillonite nanoparticles. Natural bentonite used was taken from Blangdalam village, Nisam sub-district, North Aceh district. The isolation process includes dissolving process with aquades, ultrasonic and sedimentation processes.  The characterization of montmorillonite, FT-IR, X-RD and surface morphology test by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Particle size analyzer to analyze and determine the size of nanoparticles from natural bentonite insulation. From the research results obtained the size of montmorillonite nanoparticles isolated from natural bentonite obtained an average diameter of 82.15 nm.</em></p>

scholarly journals Particle Size Effects on Selectivity in Confined Bed Comminution

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Holger Lieberwirth ◽  
Lisa Kühnel
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Ore Processing ◽  
Tumbling Mills ◽  
Particle Bed ◽  
Vertical Roller

Confined bed comminution in high-pressure grinding rollers (HPGRs) and vertical roller mills (VRMs) was previously used preferably for grinding comparably homogeneous materials such as coal or clinker. Meanwhile, it started to complement or even replace tumbling mills in ore beneficiation with ore and gangue particles of rather different breakage behaviors. The selectivity in the comminution of a mixture of particles with different strengths but similar particle size distribution (PSD) of the constituents in a particle bed was investigated earlier. The strength of a material is, however, also a function of particle size. Finer particles tend to be more competent than coarser ones of the same material. In industrial ore processing using confined bed comminution, this effect cannot be neglected but even be exploited to increase efficiency. This paper presents research results on this topic based on experimental investigations with model materials and with natural particles, which were stressed in a piston–die press. It appeared that the comminution result substantially depends on the material characteristics, the composition of the mixture and the PSD of the constituents. Conclusions will be drawn for the future applications of selective comminution in mineral processing.

scholarly journals Characterization of Astaxanthin Nanoemulsions Produced by Intense Fluid Shear through a Self-Throttling Nanometer Range Annular Orifice Valve-Based High-Pressure Homogenizer

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2856
Author(s):  
Gary B. Smejkal ◽  
Edmund Y. Ting ◽  
Karthik Nambi Arul Nambi ◽  
Richard T. Schumacher ◽  
Alexander V. Lazarev
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Fluid Shear ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Annular Gap ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
High Pressure Homogenizer ◽  
Pass Through

Stable, oil-in-water nanoemulsions containing astaxanthin (AsX) were produced by intense fluid shear forces resulting from pumping a coarse reagent emulsion through a self-throttling annular gap valve at 300 MPa. Compared to crude emulsions prepared by conventional homogenization, a size reduction of over two orders of magnitude was observed for AsX-encapsulated oil droplets following just one pass through the annular valve. In krill oil formulations, the mean hydrodynamic diameter of lipid particles was reduced to 60 nm after only two passes through the valve and reached a minimal size of 24 nm after eight passes. Repeated processing of samples through the valve progressively decreased lipid particle size, with an inflection in the rate of particle size reduction generally observed after 2–4 passes. Krill- and argan oil-based nanoemulsions were produced using an Ultra Shear Technology™ (UST™) approach and characterized in terms of their small particle size, low polydispersity, and stability.

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