Modern Extended Techniques and Graphic Notations used in String Instruments

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
İlke KARCILIOĞLU
Keyword(s):  
Extended Techniques ◽  
String Instruments

Paradigms for the new string instrument: digital and materials technology

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUGH LIVINGSTON
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Extended Techniques ◽  
Instrument Design ◽  
Instrumental Performance ◽  
String Instruments ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Past ◽  
String Instrument ◽  
The Future ◽  
Electronic Processing

The applications of technology in instrument design contribute to the resulting sound on many levels, particularly in the context of new evolutions representing the traditional instruments of our culture. Materials technology is seldom given consideration in the description of Western string instruments, but our choices of woods, metals and synthetics can dramatically alter the sound without altering the substance of instrumental performance. In the design of modified string instruments which mimic features of natural acoustic predecessors, new technology is applied on many levels. A taxonomy is proposed for the past, present and future of instrument design. Due consideration is given to the music which results from the new sound world, especially that involving interactive electronic processing. The advantages and disadvantages of directions in instrument design for the future are evaluated within the proposed schema. Some extended techniques on the cello are proposed to be further extended with electronics, and audio examples and descriptions are provided. A model for future collaborations between composer, performer and engineer is proposed.

Surgical Anatomy for Extended Facelift Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (03) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
Ozcan Cakmak ◽  
Ismet Emrah Emre
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Extended Techniques ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Face ◽  
Facial Soft Tissues ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPreservation of the facial nerve is crucial in any type of facial procedure. This is even more important when performing plastic surgery on the face. An intricate knowledge of the course of the facial nerve is a requisite prior to performing facelifts, regardless of the technique used. The complex relationship of the ligaments and the facial nerve may put the nerve at an increased risk of damage, especially if its anatomy is not fully understood. There are several danger zones during dissection where the nerve is more likely to be injured. These include the areas where the nerve branches become more superficial in the dissection plane, and where they traverse between the retaining ligaments of the face. Addressing these ligaments is crucial, as they prevent the transmission of traction during facelifts. Without sufficient release, a satisfying pull on the soft tissues may be limited. Traditional superficial musculoaponeurotic system techniques such as plication or imbrication do not include surgical release of these attachments. Extended facelift techniques include additional dissection to release the retaining ligaments to obtain a more balanced and healthier look. However, these techniques are often the subject of much debate due to the extended dissection that carries a higher risk of nerve complications. In this article we aim to present the relationship of both the nerve and ligaments with an emphasis on the exact location of these structures, both in regard to one another and to their locations within the facial soft tissues, to perform extended techniques safely.

Occupational Performance Issues and Predictors of Dysfunction in College Instrumentalists

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Rebecca Barton ◽  
Clyde Killian ◽  
Morgan Bushee ◽  
Julia Callen ◽  
Teresa Cupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Music Majors ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
String Instruments ◽  
College Age ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Minimal Research ◽  
Survey Questionnaires

Music-related injuries among musicians, including younger musicians, have been well documented; however, minimal research has been completed with college-aged instrumentalists. The purpose of this research study was to describe the presence of physical symptoms in college-age musicians and the impact of these symptoms on music-playing and other daily occupations. Data collection was completed on college instrumental music majors using two survey questionnaires, which documented the presence of physical symptoms in the upper limb and the impact of these symptoms on function. The results indicate that a significant number of students reported pain or discomfort that occurred during music-playing, at rest, and during other daily occupations. Results were consistent with the literature in regards to the prevalence of symptoms in female instrumentalists as compared to males and the occurrence of more symptoms in those individuals playing string instruments and piano as compared to other instrument groups. Also, as self-reported pain increased, a greater level of dysfunction in occupational performance was found. Results also indicated that when participants were already implementing intervention strategies, this was perhaps a predictor of the presence of pain and dysfunction. Health professionals should be encouraged to provide preventive education for student musicians and to use outcome measures, such as the Disabilities of the Hand, Arm, and Shoulder (DASH) outcome measure, to identify the potential for functional impairments.

Restoring Wrist Rotation in Injured Pianists and Violinists

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-90
Author(s):  
Ian Winspur ◽  
Katherine Butler
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Distal Ulna ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
String Instruments ◽  
Wrist Fractures ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
The Ideal

Wrist fractures are common injuries in musicians, and a number of these fractures heal in a mal-united position, interfering with wrist rotation. This can prevent musicians who play keyboard instruments and the smaller string instruments from assuming the required wrist positions. Resection of the distal ulna (Darrach procedure), while somewhat discredited for the general population, has proved to be the ideal operation for this problem in musicians and has been used successfully on five professional musicians. This procedure, the rationale for its use in musicians, and the important technical details are discussed.

Playability of the wolf note of bowed string instruments

2018 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. 2852-2858
Author(s):  
Ailin Zhang ◽  
Jim Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
String Instruments

Impact of Changes in Playing Time on Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Pain in String Music Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Robitaille ◽  
Yannick Tousignant-Laflamme ◽  
Manon Guay
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Music Students ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
String Instruments ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Music Camp ◽  
Pain Frequency ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
High Level

BACKGROUND: During their training, musicians must develop good work habits that they will carry on throughout their professional career in order to avoid potential chronic health problems, such as musculoskeletal pain. The effect of sudden changes in instrument playing-time on the development of playing-related musculoskeletal pain (PRMP) has not been thoroughly investigated in music students playing bowed string instruments (BSI), even though they are regularly exposed to such changes to perfect their playing skills. OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between sudden changes in instrument playing-time and changes in PRMP in BSI players. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was completed with BSI students attending a summer music camp offering high-level training. Participants completed a self-administered 23-item questionnaire designed for the study upon arrival at camp (T1) and then 7 days later (T2). RESULTS: Ninety-three BSI students (16±4 yrs old) completed the questionnaires, for a 23% response rate. Their playing-time increased by 23±14 hrs between T1 and T2. Complaints in pain frequency (e.g., from never to most of the time) and intensity (19±24 mm on VAS) significantly increased between T1 and T2 and were correlated with an increase in playing-time. CONCLUSION: A sudden increase in playing-time, such as that experienced by elite BSI students attending an intensive music camp, was related to an increase in PRMP. However, in this study, changes in pain characteristics were only partly explained by the change in playing-time.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document