Stories of Minds and Bodies: The Role of Evolutionary Perspectives in Understanding Narrative

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Melanie C. Green
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Perspectives

Designing a Computational Model of Learning

2012 ◽  
pp. 147-174
Author(s):  
David Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Design Framework ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Learner Assessment ◽  
How People Learn ◽  
Evolutionary Perspectives

What would a game or simulation need to have in order to teach a teacher how people learn? This chapter uses a four-part framework of knowledge, learner, assessment, and community (Bransford et al., 2000) to discuss design considerations for building a computational model of learning. A teaching simulation—simSchool—helps illustrate selected psychological, physical, and cognitive models and how intelligence can be represented in software agents. The design discussion includes evolutionary perspectives on artificial intelligence and the role of the conceptual assessment framework (Mislevy et al., 2003) for automating feedback to the simulation user. The purpose of the chapter is to integrate a number of theories into a design framework for a computational model of learning.

Designing a Computational Model of Learning

2009 ◽  
pp. 671-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Design Framework ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Learner Assessment ◽  
How People Learn ◽  
Evolutionary Perspectives

What would a game or simulation need to have in order to teach a teacher how people learn? This chapter uses a four-part framework of knowledge, learner, assessment, and community (Bransford et al., 2000) to discuss design considerations for building a computational model of learning. A teaching simulation—simSchool—helps illustrate selected psychological, physical, and cognitive models and how intelligence can be represented in software agents. The design discussion includes evolutionary perspectives on artificial intelligence and the role of the conceptual assessment framework (Mislevy et al., 2003) for automating feedback to the simulation user. The purpose of the chapter is to integrate a number of theories into a design framework for a computational model of learning.

Does Aggression Make Us Human?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Vandello ◽  
Curtis Puryear
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research ◽  
Biological Pathways ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Human Aggression ◽  
Situational Influences ◽  
Human Essence ◽  
Human Conflict ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Evolutionary Perspectives

This chapter explores the conceptual and practical implications of the idea that aggression is a defining element of the human essence. To determine whether aggression is part of the human essence, the chapter considers historical philosophical perspectives on this issue, such as Sigmund Freud’s belief that humans have an instinct toward destruction and violence. We also review psychological research on the topic that takes into account biological, environmental, personality, and situational influences on human aggression and incorporates cross-cultural, ethological, and evolutionary perspectives. In particular, we examine the role of culture in aggression and aggression as a tool of intrasexual competition. Finally, we discuss aggression in animals from an ethological perspective as well as the possible biological pathways of aggression. Collectively, the evidence suggests great malleability and adaptability in response to human conflict; Aggression is one of many tools humans use to solve problems of social living. Rather than an essence, aggression may be best thought of as a strategy that is sometimes viable and sometimes counterproductive.

scholarly journals The Hybrid Spatialities of Post-Industrial Beijing: Communism, Neoliberalism, and Brownfield Redevelopment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5029
Author(s):  
Nyuying Wang ◽  
Oleg Golubchikov ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Zhigao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Brownfield Redevelopment ◽  
Brownfield Sites ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Evolutionary Perspectives

While the redevelopment of urban brownfield sites in China has received much attention, the role of political ideology in this process is usually downplayed or sidelined to a set of stylized assumptions. This paper invites giving a greater analytical focus to the evolving and nonorthodox nature of China’s politico-ideological model as a factor shaping urban change and redevelopment. The paper provides an analytical framework integrating multi-level and evolutionary perspectives while exploring the experiences of the formation and post-industrial redevelopment of brownfield sites in Beijing. The analysis demonstrates that neoliberal economic policies and the communist political doctrine are co-constitutive in the production of China’s post-industrial urban space. This produces a sense of spatial hybridity that combines and co-embeds what may be assumed to be mutually exclusive.

Evolutionary Perspectives on Emotion: Making Sense of What We Feel

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie S. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
New Ways Of Working ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Evolutionary Perspectives

Cognitive therapy typically has focused on cognitive regulators of affects, such as expectations, attributions, beliefs, and schemas (Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979). There has been far less focus on the role of affects in the process of the creation of meaning itself. However, the last ten years have witnessed an explosion of research on emotions, including their neuroarchitecture, their physiological regulators, their evolved functions, and the various unconscious algorithms that elicit them (Panksepp, 1998). There is increasing evidence, from different fields of research, for multiple and complex domains of cognition-emotion interaction, both slow and conscious, and fast and unconscious. This article explores some of these themes and indicates why an evolution-based approach to emotions, in hand with an understanding of developmental processes, can enrich our therapies and point to new ways of working directly with emotions.

Crustacean hematopoiesis and the astakine cytokines

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (24) ◽  
pp. 6417-6424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xionghui Lin ◽  
Irene Söderhäll
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Hematopoietic Tissue ◽  
Invertebrate Animals ◽  
Evolutionary Perspectives

Abstract Major contributions to research in hematopoiesis in invertebrate animals have come from studies in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, and the freshwater crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus. These animals lack oxygen-carrying erythrocytes and blood cells of the lymphoid lineage, which participate in adaptive immune defense, thus making them suitable model animals to study the regulation of blood cells of the innate immune system. This review presents an overview of crustacean blood cell formation, the role of these cells in innate immunity, and how their synthesis is regulated by the astakine cytokines. Astakines are among the first invertebrate cytokines shown to be involved in hematopoiesis, and they can stimulate the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of hematopoietic tissue cells. The astakines and their vertebrate homologues, prokineticins, share similar functions in hematopoiesis; thus, studies of astakine-induced hematopoiesis in crustaceans may not only advance our understanding of the regulation of invertebrate hematopoiesis but may also provide new evolutionary perspectives about this process.

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