Histopathological spectrum of thyroid neoplasms with special emphasis on anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid

Karthik Kasireddy;

doi:10.26611/1051813

Histomorphological study of malignant thyroid neoplasm in a tertiary care center and evaluation of Galectin 3 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl2.2222 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL2) ◽

pp. 220-227

Author(s):

Nithin Diwagar K ◽

Sridevi M ◽

Chitra S

Keyword(s):

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Tumour Progression ◽

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

False Negative ◽

Thyroid Neoplasms ◽

Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Galectin 3

Galectin-3 is a beta-galactoside binding animal lectin, which is frequently associated with tumour progression and metastasis. In recent years, overexpression of Galectin-3 has been reported in various human cancers and more frequently in thyroid neoplasms. The aim of this study was to analyze the histomorphological characteristics of malignant thyroid neoplasms, subtype them according to the established classification system and to evaluate the expression of Galectin-3 immunostaining in papillary thyroid carcinoma. A total of 30 cases were included in the study, out of which 28 cases were papillary thyroid carcinoma and its variants and one case of medullary and anaplastic carcinoma. Majority of the papillary thyroid carcinoma cases were positive for Galectin 3 immunostaining (25/28 cases – 89%) in our study. We conclude that galectin-3 is consistently expressed in papillary carcinoma thyroid; however, there are few false-negative cases in this study and also other studies have reported Galectin 3 overexpression in non-papillary tumors. Hence, we cannot depend on Galectin 3 expression alone as a single diagnostic tool to detect papillary thyroid carcinoma.

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Value of cytokeratin-19, Hector Battifora mesothelial-1 and galectin-3 immunostaining in the diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms

Journal of Laboratory Physicians ◽

10.4103/jlp.jlp_106_17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (02) ◽

pp. 200-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rajasekhar Sanuvada ◽

Rukmangadha Nandyala ◽

Amit Kumar Chowhan ◽

Phaneendra Bobbidi ◽

Mutheeswariah Yootla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mesothelial Cell ◽

Follicular Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Neoplasms ◽

Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽

Cytokeratin 19 ◽

Adenomatous Goiter ◽

Immunohistochemical Markers ◽

Galectin 3 ◽

Malignant Lesions ◽

A Prospective Study

Abstract BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of types and aggressiveness of thyroid cancers is difficult. The "gold standard" in diagnosis is using routine hematoxylin and eosin staining. Several markers have been investigated for differentiating them among which cytokeratin-19 (CK-19), Hector Battifora mesothelial cell (HBME-1), and galectin-3 are found to be most commonly used. Most studies have evaluated the single expression of markers in various thyroid lesions. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To know the value of immunohistochemical expression of CK-19, HBME-1, and galectin-3 in diagnosing thyroid neoplasms. To study the expression and compare the results of HBME-1, CK-19, and galectin-3 immunohistochemical markers in histopathologically diagnosed malignant lesions and nonmalignant lesions and demonstrate their usefulness in differentiating them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was carried out on thyroidectomy specimens sent in 10% buffered formalin to Department of Pathology, SVIMS, Tirupati, from May 2013 to August 2014. Sensitivity and specificity for each marker and their combination in diagnosis were calculated. RESULTS: Among 120 cases, nonmalignant lesions were 70 (58.33%) and malignant lesions 50 (41.67%). Among nonmalignant lesions, 65 (93%) were adenomatous goiter and 5 (7%) were follicular adenomas. In malignant lesions, 48 (96%) were papillary carcinoma and 1 (2%) each of follicular carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma. Among papillary carcinomas, classical were 26 (54.16%) followed by 17 follicular variant (35.41%). Galectin-3 had highest sensitivity of 90% and HBME-1 had highest specificity of 97.14%. CONCLUSIONS: Panel of HBME-1+ galectin-3 or CK-19, HBME-1, and galectin-3 increase the accuracy of diagnosis in histopathologically difficult cases.

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TO STUDY THE ETIOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF ADULT PATIENTS WITH PANCYTOPENIA

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v4i10.1461 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Harimohan Garg ◽

Haritej Anand Khirawari ◽

Sona Priyadarshi

Keyword(s):

Acute Leukemia ◽

Aplastic Anemia ◽

Indian Subcontinent ◽

Megaloblastic Anemia ◽

Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Research Centre ◽

New Delhi ◽

Nutritional Anemia ◽

Male Preponderance

Background: Pancytopenia is diagnosed when there is a reduction in all three hematopoietic cell lines. Till date there is limited number of studies on the frequency of various causes of pancytopenia. Of these some have been reported from the Indian subcontinent. There appears to be a changing spectrum of pancytopenia over the past two decades. The objective was to study the etiopathological spectrum of adult patients with pancytopenia over a period of one and half year. Methods: The Prospective and retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Family Medicine, Batra Hospital and Medical Research Centre, New Delhi. A total of 120 Patients were included in the study. All patients gave their consent to take part in the study and were subjected to a questionnaire regarding symptoms, past relevant history, lifestyle and detailed clinical examination and investigations as mentioned in materials and methods. Results: Six broad diagnostic groups could be identified in adults with pancytopenia. Megaloblastic anemia (D1) was the largest group comprising 57.5% of all patients. 11.7% of patients with pancytopenia were diagnosed as Aplastic anemia (D2).11.7% of patients with pancytopenia were diagnosed as leukemia/lymphoma (D3) such as lymphoma (1), metastatic anaplastic carcinoma (1), acute leukemia (11), and metastatic gastric carcinoma (1). 15% of patients with pancytopenia were diagnosed with infections (D4) such as complicated malaria cases (7), HIV (5), disseminated tuberculosis (4), viral (2). We also encountered (D5) 0.8% was Myelophthisis/Storage disorder as myelodysplastic syndrome (1) and 3.3% were other (D6) as reactive marrow (4). Conclusion: Pancytopenia is not a disease itself. It is a hematological feature of varying etiology with slight male preponderance. Megaloblastic anemia along with mixed nutritional anemia is leading cause of pancytopenia in India followed by infections being second and aplastic anemia and acute leukemia being third common causes. Keyword: Pancytopenia, Megaloblastic anemia, Nutritional anemia.

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Increased amount of high-affinity receptors for EGF in differentiated and anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.120s190 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 120 (3_Suppl) ◽

pp. S190-S191

Author(s):

B. SALLER ◽

G. STAPFER ◽

A. PFEIFFER ◽

R. CLARA ◽

W. PERMANETTER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽

High Affinity

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The Accuracy of ACR TI-RADS Classification of Neck Ultrasound as a First-Line Diagnostic Approach for Thyroid Neoplasms in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Study

Oncopediatrics ◽

10.15690/onco.v5i1.1862 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 13-23

Author(s):

Nikolai S. Grachev ◽

Elena V. Feoktistova ◽

Igor N. Vorozhtsov ◽

Natalia V. Babaskina ◽

Ekaterina Yu. Iaremenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Thyroid Neoplasms ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Diagnostic Approach ◽

First Line ◽

Neck Ultrasound

Background.Ultrasound (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is the gold standard in diagnosing the pathological nature of undetermined thyroid nodules. However, in some instances limitations and shortcomings arise, making it insufficient for determining a specific diagnosis.Objective.Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of ACR TI-RADS classification of neck ultrasound as a first-line diagnostic approach for thyroid neoplasms in pediatric patients.Methods.A retrospective analysis was made of FNA and US protocols in 70 patients who underwent the examination and treatment at Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center between January 2012 and August 2017. In the retrospective series 70% (49/70) of patients undergone FNA and 43% (30/70) of them undergone repeated FNA. All US protocols were interpreted according to ACR TI-RADS system by the two independent experts. The clinical judgment was assessed using the concordance test and the reliability of preoperative diagnostic methods was analized.Results.According to histologic examination protocols, benign nodules reported greater multimorbidity 29% (20/70), compared with thyroid cancer 17% (12/70), complicating FNA procedure. A statistically significant predictor of thyroid cancer with a tumor size ACR TI-RADS showed a significant advantage of ACR TI-RADS due to higher sensitivity (97.6 vs 60%), specificity (78.6 vs 53.8%), positive predictive value (87.2 vs 71.4%), and negative predictive value (95.7 vs 41.2%). Concordance on the interpreted US protocols according to ACR TI-RADS classification between two experts was high, excluding accidental coincidence.Conclusion.The data support the feasibility of US corresponding to the ACR TI-RADS classification as a first-line diagnostic approach for thyroid neoplasm reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies for thyroid nodules.

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