Axial length of the eyeball in ametropia in comparison to emmetropia by A-Scan: A cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
R Havilah Twinkle ◽  
◽  
G Parvathi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Effect of axial length and anterior chamber depth on the peripheral refraction profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-298
Author(s):  
Masoud Khorrami-Nejad ◽  
◽  
Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban ◽  
Bahram Khosravi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

AIM: To evaluate the effect of axial length (AL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) on peripheral refractive profile in myopic patients compared to emmetropic participants. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in right eyes of 58 participants of whom 38 were emmetropic and 20 were myopic. Central and peripheral refraction were measured at 10°, 20°, and 30° eccentricities in nasal and temporal fields using an open-field autorefractor. The Lenstar LS900 was used to measure ACD and AL. The participants were divided into three groups of short (<22.5 mm), normal (22.5-24.5 mm), and long eye (>24.5 mm) according to AL and three groups of low ACD (<3.00 mm), normal ACD (3.00-3.60 mm), and high ACD (>3.60 mm) according to ACD. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 22.26±3.09y (range 18-30y). The peripheral mean spherical refractive error showed a hypermetropic shift in myopic and emmetropic groups although this shift was more pronounced in the myopic group. The results showed significant changes in the spherical equivalent, J0, and J45 astigmatism in all gazes with an increase in eccentricity (P<0.001). The pattern of refractive error changes was more noticeable in long and short eyes versus normal AL eyes. Moreover, the pattern of peripheral refractive changes was much more prominent in the high ACD group versus the normal ACD group and in the normal ACD group versus the low ACD group. CONCLUSION: Peripheral refraction changes are greater in participants with AL values outside the normal range and deeper ACD values compared to participants with normal AL and ACD.

scholarly journals Refraction in Preschool Children in Kazanlak, Bulgaria

Folia Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-351
Author(s):  
Kiril Slaveykov ◽  
Kalina Trifonova
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Refractive State ◽  
Myopic Shift ◽  
The City

Introduction: The refractive state of the eye changes as the eye&rsquo;s axial length increases and the cornea and lens flatten. In general, eyes are hyperopic at birth, become slightly more hyperopic until the age of 7, which at this point we see a myopic shift toward plano until the eyes reach their adult dimensions, usually by about the age 16. Aim: To determine the prevalence of refractive error in preschool children aged 3 - 6 in the city of Kazanlak, Bulgaria. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a kindergarten based school within the city of Kazanlak, Bul&shy;garia. Out of 15 kindergarten schools, 10 chose to participate in the study. The children underwent non-mydriatic refraction screening using a Plus-Optix S12&#1089; mobile camera. Myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism were defined as being a spherical equivalent (SE) &le; &minus;0.50 D, SE &ge; +2.00 D and cylindrical diopters &le; &minus;1.00 D. Results: A total of 596 children were screened. Out of these 596 children; 526 were with ametropia (470 hypermetropia, 46 myopia) and 50 had astigmatism. Strabismus was found in 12 children, with a further 8 children suffering from amblyopia and finally 8 children were also found to be diagnosed with anisometropia. In 8 cases there were no results due to opacities or due to the small size of the pupil. Conclusion: The prevalence of refractive error in preschool children is similar to that found in other research in the field. While most cases fall into the category of emmetropia or mild hypermetropia, most of the children had never been to an ophthalmologist. A manda&shy;tory checkup should be issued for all children below the age of seven.

scholarly journals ADULT MYOPES

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1660-1666
Author(s):  
NuhaMohamed Fath Elrahman ◽  
AbdElaziz Mohamed Elmadina ◽  
Manzoor Ahmad Qureshi ◽  
Adil Mousa Younis ◽  
Muhammad Ijaz Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Corneal Curvature ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the correlation of central cornealthicknesses (CCT), mean keratometry (KM) and axial length (AL) to myopia degree in sphericalequivalent (SE) among Sudanese adults. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting:University Eye complex clinic and Makka Eye complex Omdurman. Period: April to October2015. Methods: Central Corneal Thickness (CCT), k-reading (KM), axial length and thedegree of refraction (SE) 0f 200 myopic eyes and 60 emmetropic eyes as a control groupwere measured. Results: Adult Sudanese females (57%) were found greater than males (43%)population; (χ 2 = 109.5, p = 0.000 ), most of the participants’ age was less than 25 years(χ 2 = 109.5, p = 0.000 ), and the mean myopic spherical equivalent (SE) was – 4.79 ± 2.55 D,ranging from -1.00 to -11.00 D. The mean CCT of the myopic group was 542.8 ±11.9 μm,while for the emmetropic group was 538.7 ±12.4 μm. The cornea were steeper in eyes withlonger axial length (r = 0.24, p =0.001). Eyes with higher myopic spherical equivalent hadlonger axial length (r =0.30, p <0.001). Mean keratometrys were steeper with increasing age(r= 0.24, p= 0.001). This study has shown that CCT has no correlation with degree of myopia(p= 0.46), gender (p= 0.99), and age (p= 0.07). The CCT, KM, and AL means for myopicparticipants were found significantly greater than emmetropic participants (p=0.000, 0.000,and 0.044 respectively. Conclusion: The females participants of myopia were higher rate thanmales, early adults’ age group were of higher rate myopic incident; there was no correlationbetween CCT and the degree of myopia, gender, and age. CCT, KM, and AL means for myopicwere found higher than emmetropic participant. Eyes with more myopic spherical equivalenthad longer axial length; corneal curvature mean becomes steeper with increasing age.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF LATTICE DEGENERATION IN AXIAL MYOPIA

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (154) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudesh Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lattice Degeneration ◽  
Axial Myopia

Lattice degeneration is an important predisposing factor for retinal detachment. A cross sectional study of221 patients and 405 eyes with axial myopia of 25mm (–3.oo diopters) or more, was conducted with anobjective to find out prevalence of lattice degeneration of the retina among them. Of 221 patients, 48 (21.7%)had the lattice degeneration consisting of 35 uniocular (72.9%) and 13 binocular patients (27.1%). Of 139males, 36 (25.89%) had lattice degeneration; of 82 females, 12 (14.63%) had lattice degeneration (RR=1.26;95%CI=1.03-1.55; p=0.049). Axial length was from 25mm to 35.77mm (mean=27.63mm, SD 1.98). Thegreatest prevalence of lattice degeneration.9% (16 of 73 eyes) was found in eyes with axial length of 26mmto 26.99 mm (-6.0D to –8.97.0D), and the least incidence was 8.6% (8 of 93 eyes) in eyes with axial length25mm to 25.99 mm (-3.0 D to –5.97.0 D). Over all prevalence of lattice degeneration was 15% (61 of 405eyes) of eye(s) with axial length of 25 mm (-3.0 D) or more. In the age groups below 40 years, the prevalenceof lattice degeneration was highest 85.24% (59 of 61 eyes). The lattice degeneration of retina is moreprevalent in males of age less than 40 years with moderate axial myopia.Key Words: Lattice degeneration, axial myopia, retinal detachment.

Does a Graduate Course in Fluency Disorders Make a Difference?

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn R. Klein ◽  
Barbara J. Amster
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Graduate Course ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fluency Disorders ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Communicative Disorders

Abstract A study by Yaruss and Quesal (2002), based on responses from 134 of 239 ASHA accredited graduate programs, indicated that approximately 25% of graduate programs in the United States allow students to earn their degree without having coursework in fluency disorders and 66% of programs allow students to graduate without clinical experience treating people who stutter (PWS). It is not surprising that many clinicians report discomfort in treating PWS. This cross-sectional study compares differences in beliefs about the cause of stuttering between freshman undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory course in communicative disorders and graduate students enrolled and in the final weeks of a graduate course in fluency disorders.

Confidence toward vaccination as reported by parents of children admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study

Vacunas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.M. AlGoraini ◽  
N.N. AlDujayn ◽  
M.A. AlRasheed ◽  
Y.E. Bashawri ◽  
S.S. Alsubaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Conflict Avoidance in Old Age

GeroPsych ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Oberhauser ◽  
Andreas B. Neubauer ◽  
Eva-Marie Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Conflict Avoidance ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Set Up

Abstract. Conflict avoidance increases across the adult lifespan. This cross-sectional study looks at conflict avoidance as part of a mechanism to regulate belongingness needs ( Sheldon, 2011 ). We assumed that older adults perceive more threats to their belongingness when they contemplate their future, and that they preventively react with avoidance coping. We set up a model predicting conflict avoidance that included perceptions of future nonbelonging, termed anticipated loneliness, and other predictors including sociodemographics, indicators of subjective well-being and perceived social support (N = 331, aged 40–87). Anticipated loneliness predicted conflict avoidance above all other predictors and partially mediated the age-association of conflict avoidance. Results suggest that belongingness regulation accounts may deepen our understanding of conflict avoidance in the second half of life.

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