A case of HIV associated cholangiopathy (CAS) - A case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Sahil Gandhi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Biliary Tree ◽  
Endoscopic Management ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Hepatobiliary Complications ◽  
Cas A ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Diseases of the liver and biliary tree have been described with significant frequency among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and its advanced state, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Through a variety of mechanisms, HIV/AIDS has been shown to affect hepatic parenchyma and biliary tree, leading to liver inflammation and biliary strictures. One of the potential hepatobiliary complications of this viral infection is AIDS cholangiopathy, a syndrome of biliary obstruction and liver damage due to infection-related strictures of the biliary tract. AIDS cholangiopathy is highly associated with opportunistic infections and advanced immunosuppression in AIDS patients, and due to the increased availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy, is now primarily seen in instances of poor access to anti-retroviral therapy and medication non-compliance. Current published literature describes well the clinical, biochemical, and endoscopic management of AIDS-related cholangiopathy. We present a case of 23 year male, presented with the complains of jaundice and severe abdominal pain associated with vomiting which on further investigations and imaging work up turned out to be AIDS cholangiopathy.

scholarly journals Chronic Cystoisospora belli infection in a Colombian patient living with HIV and poor adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy

Biomédica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supl. 1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Ana Luz Galván-Díaz ◽  
Juan Carlos Alzate ◽  
Esteban Villegas ◽  
Sofía Giraldo ◽  
Jorge Botero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Poor Adherence ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv

Cystoisospora belli is an intestinal Apicomplexan parasite associated with diarrheal illness and disseminated infections in humans, mainly immunocompromised individuals such as those living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). An irregular administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV patients may increase the risk of opportunistic infections like cystoisosporiasis.We describe here a case of C. belli infection in a Colombian HIV patient with chronic gastrointestinal syndrome and poor adherence to HAART. His clinical and parasitological cure was achieved with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment. Although a reduction in the number of C. belli cases has been observed since the use of HAART, this parasite still has to be considered as a differential diagnosis of diarrheal disease in HIV/AIDS patients.Effective interventions enhancing adherence to HAART should be included in HIV patient care programs.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE THYROID GLAND IN HIV-INFECTED

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Timofeeva ◽  
O. Ya. Leshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Neoplastic Processes ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

In the article the current literature, devoted to the peculiarities of functioning of the thyroid gland in patients with HIV infection, is analyzed. Based on the analysis of literature data bases demonstrated the structure of thyroid function disorders in HIV-infected, as well as the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of these disorders. In the structure of thyroid function is dominated by hypothyroidism, euthyroid pathological syndrome, Graves' disease, for which the opportunistic infections are triggers immune activation.  It should be noted that the step of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is accompanied by the development of inflammatory and neoplastic processes in the thyroid gland. Convincingly demonstrated the negative impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive for the development of thyroid dysfunction, in connection which the expediency of forming risk groups and the timely correction of the projected thyroid diseases. 

Immune-Based Therapies for the Management of HIV Infection: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Beyond

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-532
Author(s):  
Aimee F. Ansari ◽  
Joseph V. Etzel
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Improve Patient

The widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has had a significant impact on reducing the incidence of opportunistic infections in patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and reducing the overall morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. However, the use of HAART is often associated with adverse effects, significant drug interactions, high cost and the emergence of viral resistance in a significant percentage of treatment recipients. In addition, the clinical efficacy of HAART in terms of viral eradication appears to be limited due to the presence of reservoirs of latent virus within HAART-experienced patients. Because of these and other limitations associated with antiretroviral therapies, new therapeutic strategies are being developed to restore the normal function of the immune system and improve patient outcomes. The purpose of this article is to review some of the more promising investigational immune-based therapies and their potential role in the management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection.

scholarly journals Overt Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Pseudotumor: A Rare Presentation of Cytomegalovirus Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akanksha Agrawal ◽  
Deepanshu Jain ◽  
Sameer Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous organism which can infect multiple organs of the body. In an immunocompromised patient, it can have a myriad of gastrointestinal manifestations. We report a case of recurrent hematochezia and concomitant pseudotumor in an AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) patient attributable to CMV infection. A 62-year-old man with a history of AIDS, noncompliant with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), presented with bright red blood per rectum. Index colonoscopy showed presence of multiple ulcers, colonic stenosis, and mass-like appearing lesion. Biopsy confirmed CMV infection and ruled out malignancy. Cessation of dual antiplatelet therapy and compliance with HAART lead to clinical cessation of bleeding and endoscopic healing of ulcers with complete resolution of colon mass on follow-up colonoscopy.

4. HIV

2015 ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Marta L. Wayne ◽  
Benjamin M. Bolker
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS. Its transmission is by exchange of bodily fluids. HIV can only enter immune cells with the surface protein gp120. The virus can hide in these cells for many years before it is activated, although it can be transmitted throughout this period. Once activated, the virus begins to replicate, ultimately causing the immune system of the infected person to collapse making them vulnerable to opportunistic infections. ‘HIV’ describes how evolutionary biology has been used to clarify the origins of the epidemic. The rapid mutation rates and recombination that make HIV very hard to treat are also explained. Despite these challenges, a regimen of highly active anti-retroviral therapies (HAART), developed in the mid 1990s, is extraordinarily effective against HIV.

scholarly journals Keratoconjunctivitis associated with nevirapine toxicity in HIV pregnant woman

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Bety Yañez
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Stevens Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Amniotic Membrane Transplantation ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
The Right ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is the treatment of choice for human immunodeficiency virus-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV-AIDS) patients. Severe side effects of these drugs have been described that produce generalized autoimmune blistering diseases, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrosis (TEN). These complications may seriously compromise the patient’s life or cause disabling consequences such as blindness. We describe a case of 21-year old female HIV patient with a CD4 count of 126 cells/microliter. Ten days post elective caesarean delivery she restarted HAART with nevirapine and developed TEN after approximately two weeks. Nevirapine was discontinued, but despite this, ocular surface disorder persisted. She presented severe bilateral keratoconjunctivitis that was treated with free tear substitutes, moxifloxacyn, and prednisolone acethate eye drops. At 2-month follow up her visual acuity without correction was 20/160 in the right eye and 20/40 in the left. She had bilateral moderate cicatricial keratoconjunctivitis and a central corneal leukoma in the right eye. Early treatment is important and should consist of preservative-free lubricants, and amniotic membrane transplantation to decrease the frequency of severe sequelae such as keratitis and corneal leukomas that will reduce the quality of life for these patients.

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