scholarly journals A study to estimate the cranial capacity in 100 dry human skull bones

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Shashi Bhushan Gollapalli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Interaction ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cranial Capacity ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Cranial Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Facial Differences ◽  
Human Skulls

Background: Craniometry is the scientific measurement of the skull useful for anthropometry and forensic practice. Cranial index variations between and within population have been attributed to a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. The morphometric and non-morphometric studies of human skulls are very helpful for identification of the sex and age by anthropologist and forensic practice. Cranial dimensions and Cranial indices are considered as simplest and most efficient way to indicate facial differences. Materials and Methods: The present study will constitute 100 dried adult skulls belonging to both sexes available in the department of anatomy and forensic medicine RRMC and H, MS Ramaiah medical college and Sapthagiri medical college, Bangalore. Results: The mean cranial index of the skulls were 76.989 which classifies them under mesocephalic type and we find a significant correlation between the cranial index and the length height and breadth height index with the p value coming below 0.001. Conclusion: The mean, SD of all the parameters to calculate is mentioned in table 1. The mean cranial index is 76.989 with the standard deviation of 5.8775, that of length height index was 76.991 with SD of 4.4615 And that of breadth height index was 100.268 with SD of 5.4350. There is a significant correlation between the cranial index, the length height and breadth height indices. With a correlation value of 0.681 for length height index and -0.635 for breadth height index. Both had a p value <0.001.

scholarly journals Validity of the Diabetes, Hypertension and Hyperlipidaemia (DHL) Knowledge Instrument among Medical Students of Karachi

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Abdul Haseeb ◽  
Aleena Zehra Merchant ◽  
Muhammad Ahad Sher Khan ◽  
Arsalan Majeed Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge Levels

BACKGROUND: While there have been a number of studies on DM, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, an instrument which assesses knowledge based on all three conditions has neither been established nor authorized in Pakistan. Hence, the focus of this study was to establish a pre- tested extensive questionnaire to evaluate medical students’ understanding of DM, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and their medications for use.METHODS: A pre-validated and pre-tested DHL instrument was employed on 250 students of Dow Medical and Sindh Medical College and on 45 physicians working in a leading teaching hospital of Karachi. The DHL knowledge instrument was then distributed a second time to the very same set of students, after a period of 2 months, at the end of the foundation module, once they had received some basic formal medical education including diabetes and CVS diseases.RESULTS: The overall internal consistency for the DHL instrument failed to comply with the set standard of more than or equal to 0.7 as our results yielded Cronbach’s α of 0.6. Overall the average difficulty factor of 28 questions is 0.41, which highlighted that the instrument was moderately tough. The mean scores for all domains were substantially lower in the students section in comparison to that of the professional section, which had remarkable impact on the overall mean(SD) knowledge score (40.58 ± 14.63 vs. 63.49 ± 06.67 ; p value = 0.00).CONCLUSION: The instrument can be used to recognize people who require educational programs and keep an account of the changes with the passage of time as it could help in differentiating the knowledge levels among its participants based on their educational status.

Factors predicting the occurrence of syringomyelia in patients with Chiari I malformations

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 2967
Author(s):  
Vijayan Peettakkandy ◽  
Bijukrishnan Rajagopalawarrier ◽  
Sreenath Kuniyil ◽  
Jithin Veliyath Thankaraj
Keyword(s):  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tonsillar Herniation ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Chiari I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Of Presentation ◽  
Common Association ◽  
Cerebellar Tonsils

Background: Chiari I malformations are defined as the downward herniation of cerebellar tonsils more than 5 mm through the foramen magnum. Syringomyelia is a common association of Chiari I malformation.Methods: This purpose of this study was to determine the various factors predicting the occurrence of syringomyelia in patients with Chiari I malformations. This retrospective study was conducted in Government medical college, Thrissur, Kerala, India. 27 patients admitted with diagnosis of symptomatic Chiari I malformations during the period of January 2015 to January 2019 were selected for the study.Results: The mean age was 22.8 years and syringomyelia was more common in patients older than 10 years (p value0.005). Females were 17(63%) and males were 10(37%) but there no difference in occurrence of syringomyelia among both sexes(p value is 0.16). Syringomyelia was present in 17(63%) cases. Association between various factors and syringomyelia measured by calculating P value which was 0.005 for age >10 years, 0.16 for sex, 0.093 for duration of symptoms >12 months, 0.05 for tonsillar descend >10mm and 0.097 for hypertension. The p value for the association of duration of symptoms >12months and extend of tonsillar descend is 0.001 Mean duration of symptoms (onset of first symptom to the time of presentation) was 16.3 months and syringomyelia was more common in patients with duration of symptoms more than 12 months but this difference was statistically not significant (p value 0.093). Mean tonsillar descend from the level of foramen magnum was 11.3 mms and syringomyelia was more common in patients with tonsillar herniation more than 10mm (p value 0.05). There is a statistically significant relationship between duration of symptoms more than 12 months and tonsillar descend more than 10mm(p value 0.001).There is no significant association between hypertension and occurrence of syringomyelia in patients with Chiari I malformation.Conclusions: Incidence of Chiari I Malformations is more among adults and it is slightly higher in females. Syringomyelia is a common association of Chiari I Malformations. The occurrence of syringomyelia in patients with Chiari I Malformations associated with increasing age of patients and extend of tonsillar herniation. There is no statistically significant association between syringomyelia and duration of symptoms or hypertension.

scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF FORAMEN MAGNUM IN NORTH INDIAN POPULATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Srivastava ◽  
Medha Das ◽  
Shirin Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Brain Herniation ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Large Opening ◽  
Human Skulls

Introduction: Foramen magnum is a large opening located in the occipital bone of the skull. The morphometric analysis of foramen magnum is clinically and surgically important because vital structures passing through it may suffer compression such as in cases of achondroplasia, brain herniation and meningiomas. Objectives: To study morphometric analysis of foramen magnum in dry human skulls and to measure its anteroposterior diameter, transverse diameter and foramen magnum index. Material & Methods: 100 dried human skulls of unknown age and sex were obtained from Department of Anatomy, Rama Medical College and GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Deformed samples were excluded. Different parameters were measured with the help of Vernier caliper. Results: The mean antero-posterior diameter of foramen magnum was 33.79mm. The maximum antero-posterior diameter of foramen magnum was 40mm and minimum antero-posterior diameter was 28.2mm.The mean transverse diameter of foramen magnum was 28.30mm.The maximum transverse diameter of foramen magnum was 36mm and minimum transverse diameter was 21.5mm.The mean index of foramen magnum was 84.14mm. Conclusion: The morphometric analysis of foramen magnum and its variation is important not only for anatomists but also important to the anesthetists, neurosurgeons, orthopedicians and radiologists ; while planning and performing cranio-vertebral junction procedures.

scholarly journals DURATION OF SURGERY OF LAPAROSCOPIC NEPHRECTOMY -AN INITIAL EXPERIENCE IN IGMC, SHIMLA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhartendu Nagesh ◽  
D.K Verma ◽  
R S Jhobta ◽  
Sanjiv Sharma ◽  
Mehar Chand
Keyword(s):  
Operating Time ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Laparoscopic Nephrectomy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dense Adhesion ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gandhi Medical College ◽  
Hydronephrotic Kidney

Background: Laparoscopic nephrectomy has been established as the standard of care for the management of benign non-functioning kidneys and has gained worldwide popularity over the past decade. Methods- This study was conducted in the Department of General surgery, Indira Gandhi medical college, Shimla on 20 selected patients of benign non functional kidney admitted for elective Laparoscopic Nephrectomy between July 2018 to June 2019 Results: In this study, the mean operating time in success full laparoscopic nephrectomies was 103.7 + 20.6 min in lap converted to open it was    165 .7 +26.99 min and in hand-assisted tame taken was 150 min which is statically not significant with p value =0.1317. Conclusion: The mean time taken for completion of laparoscopic nephrectomy in first 4 cases was 105 min and in next 4 cases was 108 min and in last 4 cases it was 97 min there was definitive learning curve as in last 4 cases operating time was less as compared to initial cases but operating time also depends on other factors like in hydronephrotic kidney due to well maintained plane dissection take less time ,but in  pyonephrotic kidney ,tubercular kidney,previously intervension like PCN, there were dense adhesion resulting in more time for disection. Keywords: Laparoscopy, Nephrectomy, Duration of surgery

scholarly journals Effectiveness of teacher training conducted at Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
G P Dhungana ◽  
R M Piryani ◽  
M L Chapagain ◽  
M Neupane
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Teachers Training ◽  
Experimental Group

Teaching and learning are equally important for the teacher. For teaching to be effective, whereby participants learn better, training of teachers is imperative. Teacher’s training is one of the important aspects of faculty development at Chitwan Medical College (CMC) and this study was done to assess the effectiveness of the teachers’ training pre test, post test experimental group design. In pre test, only 5.6% of the participants had adequate knowledge whereas after teacher’s training, 27.7 % had adequate knowledge. The mean (±SD) knowledge score before and after the intervention was 26.7±5.6 and 33.6 ± 5.6 respectively. The percent change in knowledge after intervention was 25.8 was statistically significant p value <0.001 .Which suggesting that the teachers’ training was an effective intervention.

scholarly journals Haematocrit Value in Preeclampsia

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sankar Kumar Basak ◽  
Kohinoor Begum ◽  
Maliha Rashid ◽  
Nahid Yasmin ◽  
Hasina Begum
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Objective(s): To assess the association between the haematocrit value and severity of preeclampsia.Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka during the period of January 2012 to December 2013. Total of 100 patients were studied and they were divided into two groups – group-A and group-B. Fifty preeclamptic patients were included in the group-A and 50 normal pregnant women were included in the group-B.Results: Majority of preeclamptic women (68%) and normal pregnant women (76%) were in the age group of 20-30 years with the mean ages of group-A and group-B subjects were 26.50±5.71 and 26.26±4.91 years respectively. Eighty six percent of group-A and 70% of group-B women were of lower socioeconomic status. Majority of the study subjects (74% of group-A and 80% of group-B) were housewife. More than half (54%) of the preeclamptic women were primigravid and 60% of normal pregnant women were multigravid. Among the preeclamptic subjects 16 (32%) had mild hypertension (DBP<110mmHg) and 34 (68%) had severe hypertension (DBP ? 110 mmHg). Out of 50 preeclamptic subjects 45 (90%) had severe proteinuria (+++) and only 5 (10%) had moderate (++) proteinuria.The mean haematocrit value of preeclamptic patients was 34.881±3.03 and that of normal pregnant women was 31.94±1.2. It was statistically significant (P value 0.001). The mean haematocrit value of normal pregnant, mild and severe preeclamptic women were 31.94±1.2, 33.31±2.57 and 35.62±2.95 respectively. It was also statistically significant (P value 0.001).Conclusion: This study shows that haematocrit value of preeclamptic patients is significantly higher compared to that of the normal pregnant women (P<0.05). There is a strong association of increasead haematocrit and preeclampsia.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2015; Vol. 30(2) : 80-85

Ultrasonographic Assessment of the Distance of Sciatic Nerve Bifurcation from the Popliteal Crease and its Depth from Skin in Volunteers

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
U. Sharma ◽  
S. Lama Moktan ◽  
S.B Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Nerve Blocks ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ultrasonographic Assessment

Background Sciatic nerve block used for various surgeries below knee and for maintenance of analgesia demonstrates wide variability regarding its bifurcation into tibial and common peroneal nerves, frequently accounting for incomplete nerve blocks. Objective To determine the variation of sciatic nerve bifurcation among Nepalese volunteers. Method This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anesthesiology of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital from March to May 2019, where 110 healthy volunteers underwent ultrasonography of sciatic nerve starting from popliteal fossa to its bifurcation. The distance between the bifurcation of sciatic nerve from popliteal crease and depth of the nerve at that point from the skin were measured. Result The mean distance at which sciatic nerve bifurcated from the popliteal crease was 5.42 ± 1.37 cm. Most commonly, the sciatic nerve bifurcated at a distance of 5-7 cm from the popliteal crease in 110 limbs (50.45%). However, in 80 limbs (36.69%), the bifurcation was found at less than 5 cm from the popliteal crease. The depth of the nerve from the skin at the point of bifurcation was 1.72 ± 0.54 cm, with results showing it was deeper in females compared to males (p value < 0.001). Conclusion This study showed that though the distance of sciatic nerve bifurcation from the popliteal crease in our study group was coherent with the published literature of 5-12 cm; many volunteers also had this bifurcation at distances less than 5 cm. Females showed nerves to be deeper at the point of bifurcation than males.

Assessment of Gender Dimorphism Using Cephalometry in Iranian Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Ghaffari ◽  
Babak Ebrahimi ◽  
Zohreh Nazmara ◽  
Mostafa Nemati ◽  
Masoumeh Dodangeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calculated Data ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Cranial Capacity ◽  
Gender Dimorphism ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cranial Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Many

Abstract Cephalic indices is useful for evaluating racial and gender differences. In this study, we aimed to asses Gender Dimorphism Using cephalometry in the Iranian Population. Different variables like cranial length (CL), cranial width (CW), and cranial height (CH) were measured and cranial index (CI), cranial capacity (CC), and brain weight of 400 Iranian volunteers were calculated. Data were analyzed by means of SPSS 22.0. There were significant differences in the mean value of all nasofacial parameters (P<0.05). The highest sensitivity and specificity to predict the gender dimorphism were related to FL and FW (0.990 and 0.97) and (0.970 and 0.94), respectively. Considering the differences between male and female cranial structures, can be useful in forensic medicine and designing neurosurgical and ergonomic instruments in addition, to distinguish and discover the gender of the humans related to the many years ago.

scholarly journals Equilibration and Increase of Hemoglobin Concentration after One Unit Whole Blood Transfusion among Patients Not Actively Bleeding

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
Md Mazharul Hoque ◽  
Sheikh Daud Adnan ◽  
Shanaz Karim ◽  
Mohd Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Subir Nandy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clinical Records

Background: Transfusion is a specialized modality of patient management and lifesaving intervention. The decision to transfuse should be individualized, based on a rational approach and taking into account the hemoglobin value in addition to physiologic variables. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of increase in haemoglobin levels and the rapidity of equilibration after single unit fresh whole blood transfusion in medical inpatients not actively bleeding among the Bangladeshi population.Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Transfusion Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka during the periods of July 2012 to June 2013. Total 100 purposively selected admitted patients in the Department of Medicine of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) undergone blood transfusion were included in the study. Demographic characteristics were obtained from the clinical records and by face to face interview. Haemoglobin concentration was measured before transfusion, after 6 hours and 24 hours of transfusion using standard laboratory method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 (SPPS Incorporation, Chicago, IL, USA). Comparison between mean values of haemoglobin was compared with student’s t-test and two-sided P value of 0.05 or less was considered significant.Results: The mean ±SD of the age of the respondents was 24.17±4.96 years with a range of 19 to 45 years and 90.0% were male and 10.0% were female. Previous blood donation history present in 72.0% respondents and absent in 28.0% respondents. Mean±SD of Hb level before, 6 hours and 24 hours after transfusion were 7.64±1.05, 8.03±1.07 and 8.78±1.19 gm/dl respectively. In the present study the mean increase of Hb 6 hours and 24 hours after transfusion were 0.39 gm/dl and 1.14 gm/dl respectively. Comparison between mean Hb level of before transfusion with 6 hours and 24 hours after transfusion revealed a statistically significant difference. Comparison between mean Hb level at 6 hours and 24 hours after transfusion also revealed a statistically significant difference.Conclusion: The study revealed slightly more one gram increase of Hb at 24 hours after transfusion of one unit of whole blood among patients not actively bleeding. There is significant difference between Hb level at 6 hours and 24 hours after transfusion.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 23, No.2, October, 2014, Page 161-166

scholarly journals Comparison of clinical profile of leptospirosis patients during post flood and non-post flood periods

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1913
Author(s):  
Bhagyanath . ◽  
Jacob K. Jacob ◽  
Suma Samuel ◽  
Rakhi R. Kurup ◽  
Reshnu Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
P Value ◽  
Zoonotic Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Flood Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infection with high mortality rates. The incidence of leptospirosis is more during floods. The aim of the study was to find the difference in clinical profile of leptospirosis during post flood and non-post flood periods.Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study comparing the clinical profile of leptospirosis patients admitted in Government Medical College Ernakulam, Kerala during the post flood period of 2018 with that of non-post flood period. The data with respect to clinical features and investigations were retrieved from the hospital records.Results: Out of the 42 patients studied 15 were from the post flood period and the rest 27 patients were from the non-post flood period. The mean age in the post flood group was 40 years and that in the non-post flood group 43 years. Myalgia, icterus and calf tenderness was significantly higher in the post flood group. The mean platelet count was significantly lower in the non-post flood period (p value=0.011). Mean serum urea and total bilirubin were significantly higher in the post flood group compared to non-post flood group (p value=0.001). Cardiac complications were seen only among the post flood group.Conclusions: The clinical profile and complications were different in leptospirosis patients during post flood and non-post flood periods. These findings help the treating physicians to formulate different approaches in treating patients during the post flood and non-post flood period.  

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