INTRA- AND INTER-RATER RELIABILITY FOR LIMB LENGTH MEASUREMENT AND TRIAL ERROR ASSESSMENT OF THE UPPER QUARTER Y-BALANCE TEST IN HEALTHY ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 707-714
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Williamson ◽  
Braden L. Lawson ◽  
Daniel Sigley ◽  
Alan Nasypany ◽  
Russell T. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Length Measurement ◽  
Limb Length ◽  
Error Assessment ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Rater Reliability

scholarly journals Clinical Implications of Hand Position and Lower Limb Length Measurement Method on Y-Balance Test Scores and Interpretations

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 910-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Hébert-Losier
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Length Measurement ◽  
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine ◽  
Limb Length ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Hands On

Context:  The Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test (LQ-YBT) was developed to provide an effective and efficient screen for injury risk in sports. Earlier protocol recommendations for the LQ-YBT involved the athlete placing the hands on the hips and the clinician normalizing scores to lower limb length measured from the anterior-superior iliac spine to the lateral malleolus. The updated LQ-YBT protocol recommends the athlete's hands be free moving and the clinician measure lower limb length to the medial malleolus. Objective:  To investigate the effect of hand position and lower limb length measurement method on LQ-YBT scores and their interpretation. Design:  Cross-sectional study. Setting:  National Sports Institute of Malaysia. Patients or Other Participants:  A total of 46 volunteers, consisting of 23 men (age = 25.7 ± 4.6 years, height = 1.70 ± 0.05 m, mass = 69.3 ± 9.2 kg) and 23 women (age = 23.5 ± 2.5 years, height = 1.59 ± 0.07 m, mass = 55.7 ± 10.6 kg). Intervention(s):  Participants performed the LQ-YBT with hands on hips and hands free to move on both lower limbs. Main Outcome Measure(s):  In a single-legged stance, participants reached with the contralateral limb in each of the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions 3 times. Maximal reach distances in each direction were normalized to lower limb length measured from the anterior-superior iliac spine to the lateral and medial malleoli. Composite scores (average of the 3 normalized reach distances) and anterior-reach differences (in raw units) were extracted and used to identify participants at risk for injury (ie, anterior-reach difference ≥4 cm or composite score ≤94%). Data were analyzed using paired t tests, Fisher exact tests, and magnitude-based inferences (effect size [ES], ±90% confidence limits [CLs]). Results:  Differences between hand positions in normalized anterior-reach distances were trivial (t91 = −2.075, P = .041; ES = 0.12, 90% CL = ±0.10). In contrast, reach distances were greater when the hands moved freely for the normalized posteromedial (t91 = −6.404, P < .001; ES = 0.42, 90% CL = ±0.11), posterolateral (t91 = −6.052, P < .001; ES = 0.58, 90% CL = ±0.16), and composite (t91 = −7.296, P < .001; ES = 0.47, 90% CL = ±0.11) scores. A similar proportion of the cohort was classified as at risk with the hands on the hips (35% [n = 16]) and the hands free to move (43% [n = 20]; P = .52). However, the participants classified as at risk with the hands on the hips were not all categorized as at risk with the hands free to move and vice versa. The lower limb length measurement method exerted trivial effects on LQ-YBT outcomes. Conclusions:  Hand position exerted nontrivial effects on LQ-YBT outcomes and interpretation, whereas the lower limb length measurement method had trivial effects.

scholarly journals Comparison of Y-Balance Test Performance by maturation status in youth distance runners

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0008
Author(s):  
Mitchell J. Rauh ◽  
Micah C. Garcia ◽  
David M. Bazett-Jones ◽  
Jason T. Long ◽  
Kevin R. Ford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Limb Length ◽  
Distance Running ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle Strength ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Distance running is a popular interscholastic sport, but also has an associated high risk of running-related injuries. Recent literature suggests that functional tests may help to identify athletes at increased risk of injury. The Y-Balance Test (YBT) is an objective measure used to assess functional muscle strength and balance and to expose asymmetries between tested limbs. Purpose: To determine if YBT performance was associated with maturation status in healthy, youth distance runners. We hypothesized that mid-pubertal (MP) runners would demonstrate less functional reach distance than pre-pubertal (PrP) or post-pubertal (PoP) runners. Methods: A convenience sample of 142 (Females: n=79, Males: n=63) uninjured youth runners (ages 13.5±2.7 years; weekly running distance: 18.2±20.4 km) were recruited from the local community. All runners met inclusion criteria, indicating that they were between 9 and 19 years old and participated in long-distance running activities such as school/club track and field, cross country, road races, trail running, and/or soccer. The runners completed a modified Pubertal Maturational Observation Scale (PMOS), then were screened for right (R) and left (L) anterior (ANT), posteromedial (PM) and posterolateral (PL) reach distances (cm) normalized by lower limb length (cm). Composite reach distance was calculated by the sum of the three reach distances divided by three times the limb length multiplied by 100 for R and L limbs. ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests were used to compare maximum normalized reach distances for the three directions and composite reach distance by maturation status and sex. Results: Overall, 31.7% were classified as PrP status, 26.1% as MP, and 42.3% as PoP, with similar percentages by sex ( p=0.84). The only significant mean difference was found for R ANT maximum normalized reach distance between PrP and PoP ( p=0.02), indicating a greater normalized reach in PrP athletes. No significant mean differences were found for R or L PM and PL maximum normalized reach distances, or for R or L composite reach distances, by maturation status or when stratified by maturation and sex ( p>0.05). Conclusions: In this sample of youth runners, the YBT was only a discriminator of anterior reach distance between pre-pubertal and post-pubertal runners. As decreased anterior reach is associated with reduced quadriceps muscle strength and anterior knee pain, reduced anterior reach in post-pubertal runners may potentially signify an increased risk of sustaining a running-related injury. Thus, preventive efforts to ensure good functional quadriceps muscle strength may be merited.

Measuring Extrinsic and Intrinsic Hand Strength in Healthy Adults: Inter-Rater Reliability of the Rotterdam Intrinsic Hand Myometer

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. e1-e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey McGee ◽  
Elizabeth Garlough ◽  
Julia Gilbert ◽  
Amanda Overlie ◽  
Karleen Smurawa
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Hand Strength ◽  
Rater Reliability

Hip and Trunk Muscle Activity During the Star Excursion Balance Test in Healthy Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 682-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunal Bhanot ◽  
Navpreet Kaur ◽  
Lori Thein Brody ◽  
Jennifer Bridges ◽  
David C. Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
External Oblique

Context:Dynamic balance is a measure of core stability. Deficits in the dynamic balance have been related to injuries in the athletic populations. The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) is suggested to measure and improve dynamic balance when used as a rehabilitative tool.Objective:To determine the electromyographic activity of the hip and the trunk muscles during the SEBT.Design:Descriptive.Setting:University campus.Participants:Twenty-two healthy adults (11 males and 11 females; 23.3 [3.8] y, 170.3 [7.6] cm, 67.8 [10.3] kg, and 15.1% [5.0%] body fat).Intervention:Surface electromyographic data were collected on 22 healthy adults of the erector spinae, external oblique, and rectus abdominis bilaterally, and gluteus medius and gluteus maximus muscle of the stance leg. A 2-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine the interaction between the percentage maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) and the reach directions. The %MVIC for each muscle was compared across the 8 reach directions using the Sidak post hoc test withαat .05.Main Outcome Measures:%MVIC.Results:Significant differences were observed for all the 8 muscles. Highest electromyographic activity was found for the tested muscles in the following reach directions—ipsilateral external oblique (44.5% [38.4%]): anterolateral; contralateral external oblique (52.3% [40.8%]): medial; ipsilateral rectus abdominis (8% [6.6%]): anterior; contralateral rectus abdominis (8% [5.3%]): anteromedial; ipsilateral erector spinae (46.4% [20.2%]): posterolateral; contralateral erector spinae (33.5% [11.3%]): posteromedial; gluteus maximus (27.4% [11.7%]): posterior; and gluteus medius (54.6% [26.1%]): medial direction.Conclusions:Trunk and hip muscle activation was direction dependent during the SEBT. This information can be used during rehabilitation of the hip and the trunk muscles.

scholarly journals P124: A new in-skates balance error scoring system for the sideline assessment of concussion in hockey players

CJEM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. S100-S101
Author(s):  
A. Robert ◽  
M. Moroz ◽  
D. Var ◽  
J. Correa ◽  
S. Delaney
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Balance Error Scoring System ◽  
Balance Error

Introduction: During a hockey game, athletes who are suspected of having sustained a concussion are removed from the game and evaluated. The modified balance error scoring system (MBESS) assessment, an essential part of the concussion evaluation, is performed in the dressing room, barefoot on a hard surface after equipment removal. While, players that pass the concussion assessment may re-dress and return to play, the equipment removal and re-dressing delays their return into the game. The objective of our study was to develop and evaluate a new in-skates balance error scoring system (SBESS) to reduce the delay in returning to the game. Methods: A prospective randomized single blinded study was conducted with 80 healthy university hockey players split into two groups. An at-rest group performed the SBESS assessment at rest on two separate occasions. A post-exercise group performed the test once at rest and once after exercise. The SBESS consisted of performing 4 different stances for 20 seconds each without equipment removal. The assessments were video recorded, and 3 independent reviewers scored the videos. For both the at-rest and post-exercise groups, the primary outcome measured was the number of balance errors. The secondary outcome was the number of falls. Statistics: For the primary outcome, both inter-rater and intra-rater reliability were calculated. The concordance between the SBESS and the currently used baseline pre-season balance score (MBESS) was also assessed. Results: The number of cumulative balance errors for all four stances varied between 4 and 7 for both groups without any significant exercise effect. No athletes fell. For inter-rater reliability, the intra-class correlation (ICC) was above 0.86, ranging from 0.86-0.92 for most stances except for the easiest stance, for which it was 0.66. For intra-rater reliability, the ICC ranged from 0.88 to 1 for all stances and raters. There was a lack of concordance between the SBESS and MBESS. Conclusion: The SBESS is a reliable balance test that can be safely performed in healthy athletes wearing their full equipment. The next step will be to evaluate the use of this test on concussed hockey athletes

scholarly journals A Simple Method of Intraoperative Limb Length Measurement in Total Hip Arthroplasty.

1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-231
Author(s):  
Masamitsu Ezoe ◽  
Masatoshi Naito ◽  
Mitsuyoshi Kanbara ◽  
Katsunobu Takahashi ◽  
Kosuke Ogata
Keyword(s):  
Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Length Measurement ◽  
Limb Length ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Total Hip

scholarly journals Correlation between Balance and BMI in Collegiate students: A cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3759-3764
Author(s):  
Tejaswini Padmanabha Suvarna ◽  
◽  
Joseph Oliver Raj ◽  
Nithin Prakash ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Limb Length ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Lateral Instability ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Balance Deficits ◽  
Test Result

Background: Balance deficits are usually related to medial-lateral instability. BMI could be an important factor to consider as; excess body mass or increased accumulation of adipose tissue can directly impact the postural stability which in return impacts balance. Purpose of the study: To find the correlation between BMI and Balance. Method: Sample consisted of 149 students, out of which 100 (67%) were males and 49 (33%) were females. BMI was calculated and was categorized into groups. Bilateral limb length was measured for normalising the data. Static balance was measured by performing blinded stork test and dynamic balance by performing Y- balance test. Data was analysed using Pearson’s correlation test. Result: There was significant correlation between BMI and static balance of left leg (r=0.713, 95% CI 0.623, 0.784, p=0.01) but on comparison, there was no significant correlation between BMI and static balance of right leg (r=0.0458, 95% CI -0.11, -0.205, p=0.58). It was found that there was no significant correlation between BMI and Left Anterior (r= -0.134, 95% CI -0.289, -0.0274, p= 0.103), Left Posterolateral (r=-0.0775, 95% CI -0.235, 0.0843, p=0.347), Left Posteromedial (r=-0.0903, 95% CI -0.248, -0.0715, p=0.273) respectively. Also, it was found that there was no significant correlation between BMI and Right Anterior (r=-0.236, 95% CI -0.382, -0.0778, p=0.00381), Right Posterolateral (r=-0.193, 95% CI -0.343,-0.0334, p=0.0183), Right Posteromedial (r=-0.126, 95% CI -0.281, -0.0354, p=0.125) respectively. Conclusion: There was significant correlation between BMI and static balance of left leg and no correlation was established between BMI and static balance on right leg and also no correlation was established between BMI and static and dynamic balance for right and left leg. KEY WORDS: Static balance, Dynamic balance, Body Mass Index, Obesity, Limb length.

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