scholarly journals Mechanisms and Major Sites of Distal Catheter Migration in Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting Maneuvers: A Review Article

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-155
Author(s):  
Ismatullah Soufiany ◽  
Khalil Ahmad Hijrat ◽  
Spina Soufiany ◽  
Lukui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Intrathoracic Pressure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intraabdominal Pressure ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Distal Catheter ◽  
Iatrogenic Perforation ◽  
Catheter Migration ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting ◽  
The Many

A ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is a medical device used to deflect cerebrospinal fluid from cerebral ventricles to the peritoneal cavity. Since 1908, ventriculoperitoneal shunts have been considered the best option in hydrocephalus management. Manifestation related to VPS may arise anywhere whilst tunneling the VPS from the ventricle to the peritoneal cavity, but complications associated with the distal catheter are especially common and a leading cause of revision surgeries. Among the many complications associated with peritoneal shunts, migration of the catheter into other parts of the body is still common. Scrotal migration mainly takes place in children aged 4 days to 5 years. Patent processus vaginalis, formation of an inguinal hernia, and increased intraabdominal pressure are leading risk factors associated with migration of the peritoneal catheter into the scrotum. Thoracic migration of peritoneal catheters predominantly occurs in adult patients. Important mechanisms in thoracic migration include (1) iatrogenic perforation of the external or internal jugular veins by the surgeon during tunneling and (2) gradual destruction of the venous structures by the catheter due to routine extension and flexion of the neck. After entering the vessel, negative intrathoracic pressure combined with positive intraabdominal pressure aids migration into the thoracic cavity. Sharp tips or shunt types contribute to intraabdominal migration and perforation.

A novel solution to reduce the complications of distal shunt catheter displacement associated with obesity

2010 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 1314-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Morrison ◽  
Kristin E. Sung ◽  
Ari M. Bergman ◽  
Michael S. Rosenblatt ◽  
Jeffrey E. Arle
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Intraabdominal Pressure ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Csf Flow ◽  
Peritoneal Catheter ◽  
Distal Catheter ◽  
Catheter Tip ◽  
Peritoneal Space ◽  
Catheter Tube ◽  
Catheter Tubing

Despite the varied sources of hydrocephalus, all shunt-treated conditions involve redirection of CSF to the body, commonly the peritoneum. Migration of the distal catheter tip out of the peritoneal space can occur, leading to the need for reoperation. Although uncommon, the authors have recently had 3 such cases in obese patients involving distal tubing retropulsion in otherwise uncomplicated surgeries. In addressing this issue, the authors performed anchoring of the distal catheter tubing through a small abdominal mesh, which is commonly used for hernia repair to increase catheter tube friction without compromising CSF flow. The results suggest this method may mitigate the chance of peritoneal catheter displacement in patients with higher than normal intraabdominal pressure.

scholarly journals Evidence for increased intraabdominal pressure as a cause of recurrent migration of the distal catheter of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt: illustrative case

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Lee ◽  
Lucinda Chiu ◽  
Pawan Mathew ◽  
Gabrielle Luiselli ◽  
Charles Ogagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Complication ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Intraabdominal Pressure ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Distal Catheter ◽  
Vp Shunt ◽  
Catheter Migration ◽  
Bowel Distention ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Subcutaneous Space

BACKGROUNDPlacement of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is an effective treatment for several disorders of cerebrospinal fluid flow. A rare complication involves postoperative migration of the distal catheter out of the intraperitoneal compartment and into the subcutaneous space. Several theories attempt to explain this phenomenon, but the mechanism remains unclear.OBSERVATIONSThe authors report the case of a 37-year-old nonobese woman who underwent placement of a VP shunt for idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Postoperatively, the distal catheter of the VP shunt migrated into the subcutaneous space on three occasions despite the use of multiple surgical techniques, including open and laparoscopic methods of abdominal catheter placement. Notably, the patient repeatedly displayed radiographic evidence of chronic bowel distention consistent with increased intraperitoneal pressure.LESSONSIn this case, the mechanism of catheter migration into the subcutaneous space did not appear to be caused by pulling of the catheter from above but rather by expulsion of the catheter from the peritoneum. Space in the subcutaneous tissues caused by open surgical placement of the catheter was permissive for this process. Patients with chronic increased intraabdominal pressure, such as that caused by bowel distention, obesity, or Valsalva maneuvers, may be at increased risk for distal catheter migration.

T-Connector Modification for Reducing Recurrent Distal Shunt Failure: Report of 2 Cases

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. E33-E36
Author(s):  
Joseph A Carnevale ◽  
Nigar Ahmedli ◽  
John F Morrison ◽  
Wael F Asaad ◽  
Petra Klinge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Shunt Failure ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt ◽  
Peritoneal Catheter ◽  
Distal Catheter

Abstract BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Cerebrospinal fluid shunt placement is used to treat the various causes of hydrocephalus by redirecting the cerebrospinal fluid to the body, most commonly from the ventricle to the peritoneum. Distal catheter displacement from the peritoneal cavity can occur as a complication, necessitating reoperation. CLINICAL PRESENTATION We report 2 such cases in obese patients involving retropulsion of the distal tubing. To address this complication, we implanted a T-connector to the distal catheter construct. CONCLUSION This study supports the use of a T-connector catheter construct to decrease and prevent the possibility of distal peritoneal catheter retropulsion in cases of elevated intra-abdominal pressure, both prophylactically and in revisions.

Cardiovascular responses to elevation of intra-abdominal hydrostatic pressure

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (2) ◽  
pp. R208-R213 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Barnes ◽  
G. A. Laine ◽  
P. Y. Giam ◽  
E. E. Smith ◽  
H. J. Granger
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Intrathoracic Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Abdominal Pressure

Intra-abdominal fluid volume and hydrostatic pressure were elevated by positive pressure infusion of Tyrode solution into the peritoneal cavity of anesthetized dogs. The compliance of the peritoneal cavity fell from 10.8 to 0.56 ml X mmHg-1 X kg-1 of body wt as intra-abdominal pressure increased from 0 to 40 mmHg. Intrathoracic pressure also increased as elevated peritoneal pressure caused diaphragmatic bulging. Cardiac output and stroke volume were reduced by 36% after an intra-abdominal pressure rise of 40 mmHg; in contrast, heart rate did not change. Flow in the celiac, superior mesenteric, and renal arteries was reduced by 42, 61, and 70%, respectively. Pressure in the femoral vein increased to 46 mmHg, while flow in the femoral artery decreased by 65%. Whole-body O2 consuxmption, pH, and arterial PO2 decreased as intra-abdominal pressure rose. The peritoneal cavity, with its high initial compliance, affords the body an ideal location for the temporary accumulation of small to moderate volumes of fluid during episodes of increased vascular pressure or permeability. The marked alterations in the hemodynamic properties of the cardiovascular system are indicative of the physiological changes that occur when intra-abdominal fluid accumulation becomes excessive and peritoneal pressure rises to high levels.

Representing utility and deploying the body

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Spurrett
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Processing Demands ◽  
The Many

Abstract Comprehensive accounts of resource-rational attempts to maximise utility shouldn't ignore the demands of constructing utility representations. This can be onerous when, as in humans, there are many rewarding modalities. Another thing best not ignored is the processing demands of making functional activity out of the many degrees of freedom of a body. The target article is almost silent on both.

Gendered Secularization and the Body Policing of Muslim Women

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raissa Killoran
Keyword(s):  
Muslim Women ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Religious Expression ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Cultural Symbols ◽  
Religious Symbols ◽  
Female Bodies ◽  
The Many ◽  
A Site

The many usages of the term ‘secularism’ have generated an ambiguity in the word; as a political guise, it may be used to engender anti-religious fervor. Particularly in regards to veiling among female Muslim adherents, the attainment of a secular state and touting of the necessity of dismantling religious symbols have functioned as linguistic shields. By calling a “burka ban” necessary or even egalitarian secularization, legislators employ ‘secularization’ as jargon for political ends, enacting a stance of supremacy under the semblance of progress. Secularization has come to function as a political tool - in the name of it, governments may prescribe which cultural symbols are normative and which are of ‘other’ cultures or religious origins. As such, the identification of some religious symbols as foreign and others as normative is a usage of secularization for normalization of dominant religious expression. In this, there is an implicit neocolonialism; by imposing standards of cultural normalcy which are definitively nonMuslim, such policies attempt to divorce Muslims from Islam.  Further, I intend to investigate the gendered aspect of secularization politics. By critiquing clothing and body policing of women, I will demonstrate how secularization projects use the female body and dress as a site for display. By rendering the female physically emblematic of the honor and virtue of an ‘other’ culture, those enacting secularization norms target women’s bodies to act as visual exhibitions of the dominant culture’s hegemony. Here, we see gendered secularization at work - female bodies become controlled by the antireligious zeal of the state, while the state carries out this control on the predicate that it is the religious group enacting unjust control. As such, the policing of female Muslim bodies is symbolic of the policing of Islam as a whole; it acts as an illustration of an imposed, gendered secularization project.

Anticipatory weight shift between arms when reaching from a crouched posture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Gallagher ◽  
Stephaine Perez ◽  
Derek DeLuca ◽  
Isaac L. Kurtzer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reaching Movements ◽  
Reactive Control ◽  
Step Initiation ◽  
Weight Shift ◽  
The Many

Reaching movements performed from a crouched body posture require a shift of body weight from both arms to one arm. This situation has remained unexamined despite the analogous load requirements during step initiation and the many studies of reaching from a seated or standing posture. To determine whether the body weight shift involves anticipatory or exclusively reactive control we obtained force plate records, hand kinematics, and arm muscle activity from 11 healthy right-handed participants. They performed reaching movements with their left and right arm in two speed contexts - 'comfortable' and 'as fast as possible' - and two postural contexts - a less stable knees-together posture and more stable knees-apart posture. Weight-shifts involved anticipatory postural actions (APA) by the reaching and stance arms that were opposing in the vertical axis and aligned in the side-to-side axis similar to APAs by the legs for step initiation. Weight-shift APAs were correlated in time and magnitude, present in both speed contexts, more vigorous with the knees placed together, and similar when reaching with the dominant or non-dominant arm. The initial weight-shift was preceded by bursts of muscle activity in the shoulder and elbow extensors (posterior deltoid and triceps lateral) of the reach arm and shoulder flexor (pectoralis major) of the stance arm which indicates their causal role; leg muscles may have indirectly contributed but were not recorded. The strong functional similarity of weight-shift APAs during crouched reaching to human stepping and cats reaching suggests that they are a core feature of posture-movement coordination.

scholarly journals Haematological parameters in relation to age, sex and body weight of free-range village chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Maiduguri, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-84
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The haematology of animals including chickens is an important indicator of their health status. It is therefore considered a useful tool in clinical diagnosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the haematological parameters of apparently healthy free range domesticated chickens as influenced by their sex, age and body weights. Blood samples taken from the jugular veins were analysed using standard haematological protocols. PCV, haemoglobin concentration, TRBC, TWBC, differential leukocyte counts, erythrocytes indices (MCV, MCHC and MCH) were measured. The study showed that there were no significant (P>0.05) age-dependent variation in all the measured haematological parameters. However, sex had effect on PCV, TRBC and heterophil count. Male chickens had higher PCV value of (34.4%) and TRBC value of (2.4 × 1012/L) as compared to female chickens with PCV value of (30.5%) and TRBC value of (2.1 × 1012/L). On the other hand, female chickens had higher mean heterophil value of (22.0 × 109/L) and MCHC value of (29.5g/dl) as compared to male chickens with mean heterophil and MCHC values of (16.8 × 109/L) and (25.7g/dl) respectively. There was significant (P<0.05) increase in PCV with increasing body weights in males but not in females. The MCHC decreased significantly (P<0.05) as the body weight increased also in males but not in females. The results of the study indicate that sex and body weights influenced normal haematological parameters of apparently healthy free range domestic chickens in the study environment. Keywords: Age, body weight, haematology, sex, village chicken.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK FISIK, KIMIA, DAN ORGANOLEPTIK MIE MOSAF (MODIFIED SATOIMO FLOUR) (Colocasia esculenta)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliantosi ◽  
Darius
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Taro Flour ◽  
The Many

Satoimo rich in Hyaluronic Acid ( HA ) , a substance produced naturally in the body and produce natural collagen . Taro flour relatively smooth and easy to digest useful for the preparation of pastries , cakes , breads and noodles . Noodle is one of the many products that are favored by all the community . Has conducted research aimed to analyze the characteristics of the physical, chemical and organoleptic noodles mosaf ( Colocasia esculenta ) . The treatment is done in this study is a comparison of wheat flour : flour mosaf with variations 450 g : 50 g ; 400 g : 100 g ; 350 g : 150 g ; 300 g : 200 g ; and 250 g : 250 g . The analysis in this study includes the analysis of the fiber content , elasticity and organoleptic ( color, taste, texture dam ) mosaf wet noodle . The results showed that the higher concentration mosaf flour is added , then the noodles fiber content becomes higher but getting lower elasticity , whereas the level of consumer preferences of the parameters of color, flavor and texture of getting down , the tolerance level of the composition of wheat flour : 400 g flour mosaf : 100 g .Keywords : noodles , satoimo , mosaf 

Embodiment and Bodily Becoming

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Heinämaa
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Husserlian Phenomenology ◽  
Material Thing ◽  
Human Practices ◽  
The Many ◽  
Stylistic Unity ◽  
Human Embodiment

The chapter clarifies Husserl’s phenomenological approach to embodiment by explicating his analytical concepts and his transcendental arguments concerning the constitution of living bodiliness (Leiblichkeit). The chapter argues that Husserlian phenomenology does not establish any simple opposition between naturalistic and phenomenological inquiries but instead offers a comprehensive account of the many senses of the body operative in human practices, including the practices of the sciences. The human body is given, not just as a material thing, but also as an instrument, as an agent, and an expressive stylistic whole. The second part of the chapter discusses recent applications of Husserlian philosophy of embodiment in the investigation of human plurality. By analyzing the exemplary phenomena of sexuality and sexual difference, the chapter demonstrates that the phenomenological concepts of style and stylistic unity can serve investigations into the diversity of human embodiment in its many forms.

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