scholarly journals Effects Of Caffeine, Beetroot Juice And Its Interaction Consumption On Exercise-Related Fatigue

Kinesiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
Daniel Castillo ◽  
Alejandro Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
Javier Raya-González
Keyword(s):  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Performance Reduction ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Double Blind Design ◽  
Mean Power Output

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of different supplementation conditions on fatigue and performance in flywheel half-squat tests in senior men. Sixteen active males (age: 22.8±4.9 years; body mass index: 23.7±2.4 kgm-2) participated in the intervention during a 4-week period. Four experimental conditions were established using a double-blind design: placebo, caffeine (CAF), beetroot juice (BRJ), and combined BRJ+CAF. To assess the effect of supplementation, participants completed a countermovement jump (CMJ) before (Pre), 30 s after (Post-30s) and 180 s after (Post-180 s) completing a flywheel half-squat exercise protocol (four sets of eight all-out repetitions, with 3-min inter-set rest, using different inertial loads). Additionally, the mean power output during the flywheel half-squat protocol was recorded. Repeated measured ANOVA showed greater mean power (~1000 W, p<.001) produced/OR/generated in flywheel exercise after the CAF, BRJ and BRJ+CAF consumption compared to the placebo condition. After placebo, CAF and BRJ, CMJ performance at Post-180 s was reduced compared to Pre (p=.003-.087, two-way ANOVA; ES=-0.39/-0.49), although no significant performance reduction (p=.087) was noted after BRJ+CAF. In conclusion, compared to placebo, CAF, BRJ and BRJ+CAF allow greater total mean power in the flywheel half-squat power test, although without effects on exercise-related fatigue. Additionally, BRJ+CAF improved recovery after a high demanding power-production protocol.

Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation Does Not Improve Cycling Performance in Normoxia or Moderate Hypoxia

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin E. MacLeod ◽  
Sean F. Nugent ◽  
Susan I. Barr ◽  
Michael S. Koehle ◽  
Benjamin C. Sporer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Oxygen Cost ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Moderate Hypoxia ◽  
Mean Power Output

Beetroot juice (BR) has been shown to lower the oxygen cost of exercise in normoxia and may have similar effects in hypoxia. We investigated the effect of BR on steady-state exercise economy and 10-km time trial (TT) performance in normoxia and moderate hypoxia (simulated altitude: ~2500 m). Eleven trained male cyclists (VO2peak ≥ 60 ml·kg-1·min-1) completed four exercise trials. Two hours before exercise, subjects consumed 70 mL BR (~6 mmol nitrate) or placebo (nitrate-depleted BR) in a randomized, double-blind manner. Subjects then completed a 15-min self-selected cycling warm-up, a 15-min steady-state exercise bout at 50% maximum power output, and a 10-km time trial (TT) in either normoxia or hypoxia. Environmental conditions were randomized and single-blind. BR supplementation increased plasma nitrate concentration and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide relative to PL (p < .05 for both comparisons). Economy at 50% power output was similar in hypoxic and normoxic conditions (p > .05), but mean power output was greater in the normoxic TT relative to the hypoxic TT (p < .05). BR did not affect economy, steady-state SpO2, mean power output, or 10-km TT completion time relative to placebo in either normoxia or hypoxia (p > .05 in all comparisons). In conclusion, BR did not lower the oxygen cost of steady-state exercise or improve exercise performance in normoxia or hypoxia in a small sample of well-trained male cyclists.

scholarly journals Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Mood, Perceived Exertion, and Performance During a 30-Second Wingate Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Jodra ◽  
Raúl Domínguez ◽  
Antonio J. Sánchez-Oliver ◽  
Pablo Veiga-Herreros ◽  
Stephen J. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Wingate Test ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
And Performance

Purpose: Dietary supplementation with inorganic nitrate (NO3−) can enhance high-intensity exercise performance by improving skeletal muscle contractility and metabolism, but the extent to which this might be linked to altered psychophysiological processes is presently unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of NO3−-rich beetroot juice (BJ) supplementation on profile of mood states, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and performance in a 30-second Wingate cycle test. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized, cross-over study, 15 subjects completed 2 laboratory sessions after ingesting NO3−-rich or NO3−-depleted (placebo) BJ. Participants initially completed the profile of mood states questionnaire. Subsequently, participants completed a warm-up followed by a 30-second all-out Wingate cycling test. After the Wingate test, participants immediately indicated the RPE of their leg muscles (RPEmuscular), cardiovascular system (RPEcardio), and general RPE (RPEgeneral). Results: Compared with the placebo condition, supplementation with BJ increased peak power output (Wpeak) (+4.4%, 11.5 [0.7] vs 11.1 [1.0] W·kg−1; P = .039) and lowered the time taken to reach Wpeak (7.3 [0.9] vs 8.7 [1.5] s; P = .002) during the Wingate test. The profile of mood states score linked to tension was increased prior to the Wingate test (4.8 [3.0] vs 3.4 [2.4]; P = .040), and RPEmuscular was lowered immediately following the Wingate test (17.7 [1.6] vs 18.3 [1.0]; P = .031), after BJ compared with placebo ingestion. Conclusions: Acute BJ supplementation improved pre-exercise tension, 30-second Wingate test performance, and lowered postexercise RPEmuscular.

scholarly journals Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Power Performance in a Flywheel Device: A Randomised, Double-Blind Cross-Over Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Castillo ◽  
Raúl Domínguez ◽  
Alejandro Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
Javier Raya-González
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Load ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Squat Exercise ◽  
Ergogenic Effects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Double Blind Design

Despite the demonstrated evidence of the importance of eccentric contractions in sports performance, no research has evaluated the ergogenic effects of caffeine on this type of contraction means during flywheel exercises. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to compare the power outcomes, using different inertial loads, between caffeine and placebo conditions. Twenty-four young, healthy, and active men (age: 22.5 ± 4.8 years) took part in the study. A crossed, randomised double-blind design was used to analyse the effects of caffeine on lower limb power outcomes during a flywheel half-squat exercise. Participants completed four sets of eight all-out repetitions with a fixed three-minutes rest interval, and each set was performed using different inertial loads (i.e., 0.025, 0.050, 0.075 and 0.100 kg·m−2). Both the mean power (MP) and peak power (PP) in concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) movement phases at each inertial load were recorded after participants were administered either a caffeine supplement (6 mg·kg−1) or placebo (sucrose). Participants receiving a caffeine supplementation demonstrated improvements versus the placebo in total MP (MPtotal), as well as MP in CON phase (MPcon) and in ECC phase (MPecc) at each inertial load (22.68 to 26.53%; p < 0.01, effect size (ES) = 0.89–1.40). In addition, greater improvements with caffeine ingestion were obtained with respect to the placebo condition (18.79 to 24.98%; p < 0.01, ES = 1.03–1.40) in total PP (PPtotal), as well as PP in CON phase (PPcon) and in ECC phase (PPecc) at each inertial load. Thus, the supplementation of 6 mg·kg−1 caffeine may be considered to maximise on-field physical performance in those sports characterised by high demands of resistance.

scholarly journals Genetic Determinants of Neurobehavioral Responses to Caffeine Administration during Sleep Deprivation: A Randomized, Cross Over Study (NCT03859882)

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 555
Author(s):  
Mégane Erblang ◽  
Fabien Sauvet ◽  
Catherine Drogou ◽  
Michaël Quiquempoix ◽  
Pascal Van Beers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance Test ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance

This study investigated whether four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) moderated caffeine effects on vigilance and performance in a double-blind and crossover total sleep deprivation (TSD) protocol in 37 subjects. In caffeine (2 × 2.5 mg/kg/24 h) or placebo-controlled condition, subjects performed a psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) and reported sleepiness every six hours (Karolinska sleepiness scale (KSS)) during TSD. EEG was also analyzed during the 09:15 PVT. Carriers of the TNF-α SNP A allele appear to be more sensitive than homozygote G/G genotype to an attenuating effect of caffeine on PVT lapses during sleep deprivation only because they seem more degraded, but they do not perform better as a result. The A allele carriers of COMT were also more degraded and sensitive to caffeine than G/G genotype after 20 h of sleep deprivation, but not after 26 and 32 h. Regarding PVT reaction time, ADORA2A influences the TSD effect but not caffeine, and PER3 modulates only the caffeine effect. Higher EEG theta activity related to sleep deprivation was observed in mutated TNF-α, PER3, and COMT carriers, in the placebo condition particularly. In conclusion, there are genetic influences on neurobehavioral impairments related to TSD that appear to be attenuated by caffeine administration. (NCT03859882).

scholarly journals The Relationship between Resistance Exercise Performance and Ventilatory Efficiency after Beetroot Juice Intake in Well-Trained Athletes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1094
Author(s):  
Noemí Serra-Payá ◽  
Manuel Vicente Garnacho-Castaño ◽  
Sergio Sánchez-Nuño ◽  
Lluís Albesa-Albiol ◽  
Montserrat Girabent-Farrés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Ventilatory Efficiency ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope ◽  
The Relationship

The assessment of ventilatory efficiency is critical to understanding the matching of ventilation (VE) and perfusion in the lungs during exercise. This study aimed to establish a causal physiological relationship between ventilatory efficiency and resistance exercise performance after beetroot juice (BJ) intake. Eleven well-trained males performed a resistance exercise test after drinking 140 mL of BJ (~12.8 mmol NO3−) or a placebo (PL). Ventilatory efficiency was assessed by the VE•VCO2−1 slope, the oxygen uptake efficiency slope and the partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2). The two experimental conditions were controlled using a randomized, double-blind crossover design. The resistance exercise test involved repeating the same routine twice, which consisted of wall ball shots plus a full squat (FS) with a 3 min rest or without a rest between the two exercises. A higher weight lifted was detected in the FS exercise after BJ intake compared with the PL during the first routine (p = 0.004). BJ improved the VE•VCO2−1 slope and the PetCO2 during the FS exercise in the first routine and at rest (p < 0.05). BJ intake improved the VE•VCO2−1 slope and the PetCO2 coinciding with the resistance exercise performance. The ergogenic effect of BJ could be induced under aerobic conditions at rest.

scholarly journals The Effect of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Physiology and Performance in Trained Cyclists

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 684-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. McQuillan ◽  
Deborah K. Dulson ◽  
Paul B. Laursen ◽  
Andrew E. Kilding
Keyword(s):  
Time Trial ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Exercise Economy ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation ◽  
And Performance

Purpose:To determine the effect of dietary nitrate (NO3 –) supplementation on physiology and performance in well-trained cyclists after 6–8 d of NO3 – supplementation.Methods:Eight competitive male cyclists (mean ± SD age 26 ± 8 y, body mass 76.7 ± 6.9 kg, VO2peak 63 ± 4 mL · kg–1 · min–1) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover-design study in which participants ingested 70 mL of beetroot juice containing ~4 mmol NO3 – (NIT) or a NO3 –-depleted placebo (PLA), each for 8 d. Replicating pretreatment measures, participants undertook an incremental ramp assessment to determine VO2peak and first (VT1) and second (VT2) ventilatory thresholds on d 6 (NIT6 and PLA6), moderate-intensity cycling economy on d 7 (NIT7 and PLA7), and a 4-km time trial (TT) on d 8 (NIT8 and PLA8).Results:Relative to PLA, 6 d of NIT supplementation produced unclear effects for VO2peak (mean ± 95% confidence limit: 1.8% ± 5.5%) and VT1 (3.7% ± 12.3%) and trivial effects for both VT2 (–1.0% ± 3.0%) and exercise economy on d 7 (–1.0% ± 1.6%). However, effects for TT performance time (–0.7% ± 0.9%) and power (2.4% ± 2.5%) on d 8 were likely beneficial.Conclusions:Despite mostly unclear outcomes for standard physiological determinants of performance, 8 d of NO3 – supplementation resulted in likely beneficial improvements to 4-km TT performance in well-trained male endurance cyclists.

scholarly journals Re-esterified DHA improves ventilatory threshold 2 in competitive amateur cyclists

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Ávila-Gandía ◽  
Antonio Torregrosa-García ◽  
Antonio J. Luque-Rubia ◽  
María Salud Abellán-Ruiz ◽  
Desirée Victoria-Montesinos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Lactate Clearance ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cycling Test ◽  
Competitive Cyclists ◽  
Mean Power Output

Abstract Background Fish oils were studied as ergogenic aids in a number of mixed physical trial designs showing promising results. However, the heterogeneous purity of the studied supplements, combined with the variety of physical tests employed call for more studies to confirm these findings, ideally with standardised supplements. Our aim was to test a supplement highly concentrated in DHA (DHA:EPA ratio equal to approximately 8:1) on a maximal cycling test to elucidate performance improvements mainly due to DHA. Methods A double-blind, placebo controlled, randomised balanced, parallel design, in competitive amateur cyclists was employed. They were all male, older than 18 years old, with training routine of 2 to 4 sessions per week lasting at least one hour each. A ramp cycling test to exhaustion with a subsequent 5 min recovery phase was employed before and after treatment to analyse aerobic metabolism and lactate clearance after the bout. After 30 days of supplementation with 975 mg of re-esterified DHA, the thirty-eight cyclist who completed the study were finally included for statistical analysis. Results Mean power output at ventilatory threshold 2 (VT2) improved after DHA supplementation both as absolute (△DHA versus △PLA: 6.33–26.54 Watts; CI 95%) and relative (p=0.006) values, paralleled with higher oxygen consumption at VT2 both for absolute (DHA 2729.4 ±304.5, 3045.9 ±335.0; PLA 2792.3 ±339.5, 2845.5 ±357.1; ml·min−1 baseline versus post p=0.025) and relative values (DHA 36.6 ±5.0, 41.2 ±5.4; PLA 37.2 ±5.7, 38.1 ±5.2; ml·kg−1·min−1 baseline versus post p=0.024). Heart rate recovery rate improved during the recovery phase in the DHA group compared to PLA (p=0.005). Conclusion DHA is capable of improving mean power output at the ventilatory threshold 2 (anaerobic ventilatory threshold) in amateur competitive cyclists. It is unclear if these findings are the result of the specific DHA supplement blend or another factor.

Effects of carbohydrate and branched-chain amino acid beverage ingestion during acute upper body resistance exercise on performance and postexercise hormone response

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
JohnEric W. Smith ◽  
Ben M. Krings ◽  
Brandon D. Shepherd ◽  
Hunter S. Waldman ◽  
Steven A. Basham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Body Resistance ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Double Blind Design ◽  
Experimental Trials

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the individual and combined effects of ingesting carbohydrates (CHO) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) during high-volume upper body resistance exercise (RE) on markers of catabolism and performance. Thirteen resistance-trained males completed 4 experimental trials with supplementation, ingesting beverages containing CHO, BCAA, CHO+BCAA, or placebo (PLA) in a randomized, double-blind design. The beverages were ingested in 118-mL servings 6 times during an ∼60-min RE session consisting of bench press, bent-over row, incline press, and close-grip row. Each RE was performed with 5 sets of repetitions at 65% 1-repetition maximum until volitional fatigue. Blood samples were collected at baseline, immediately postexercise, and 60 min postexercise to assess glucose and insulin. Cortisol was assessed immediately and at 60 min postexercise. No significant performance benefits were observed for any RE. CHO+BCAA (152.4 ± 71.4 ng/mL) resulted in the lowest cortisol levels, which was lower than BCAA and PLA (193.7 ± 88.5, 182.8 ± 67.5 ng/mL, p < 0.05), but not different from CHO (165 ± 76.5 ng/mL, p = 0.342). Postexercise insulin concentrations were significantly higher with CHO (4.79 ± 3.4 mU/L) compared with BCAA and PLA (3.7 ± 2.0, 3.5 ± 1.8 mU/L, p < 0.05), but not different from CHO+BCAA (4.3 ± 2.5 mU/L, p = 0.339). There was no treatment effect for glucose, but glucose significantly increased from baseline to immediately postexercise and significantly decreased at 60 min postexercise. Ingesting beverages containing CHO with or without BCAA during upper body resistance exercise may promote a more favorable postexercise less catabolic environment.

The Effect of Protein Supplementation on Lactate Accumulation during Submaximal and Maximal Exercise

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Vukovich ◽  
Rick L. Sharp ◽  
Douglas S. King ◽  
Kellie Kershishnik
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Period ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Supramaximal Exercise ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Mean Power Output

Eleven subjects performed a graded exercise test after 1 week of protein supplementation (PRO) or glucose polymer placebo (CON), randomly assigned in a double blind fashion. The exercise consisted of 3-min graded exercise bouts separated by 10 min of active recovery at zero pedal resistance. Subjects then performed a 30-sec Wingate test (WIN) to assess performance during supramaximal exercise. Blood samples were obtained in the last 15 sec of each exercise and recovery period. PRO resulted in a decrease in blood lactate following 120%and WIN, an increase in blood alanine at all time points, and lower postexercise muscle lactate and glycogen. Resting muscle GPT activity was 47% higher during the PRO trial. Mean power output during the WIN did not differ between PRO and CON. The WIN fatigue index was not significantly different between PRO and CON. The increased alanine may reflect increased transamination of pyruvate, thereby reducing the accumulation of lactate, which in turn had a marginal effect on performance during supramaximal exercise.

The Effect of Electroacupuncture and Tramadol on Experimental Tourniquet Pain

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frauke Musial ◽  
Kyung-Eun Choi ◽  
Tim Gabriel ◽  
Rainer Lüdtke ◽  
Thomas Rampp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Burst Frequency ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Subjective Pain ◽  
Double Blind Design

Objectives The hypoalgesic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) was directly compared with the analgesic effect of pharmacological interventions using the submaximum effort tourniquet technique (SETT). Methods 125 healthy subjects (mean age 24.44±4.46 years; 62.4% female, 37.6% male) performed SETT at baseline and under one of five experimental conditions (n=25 per group): EA (2 Hz with burst pulses in alternating one-phase-square wave pulses; burst length 180 μs, burst frequency 80 Hz, stimulation time/pulse width 3 s), tramadol (50 mg), ibuprofen (400 mg), placebo pill or non-treatment control. EA was performed at LI4 and LI10 contralaterally with stimulation beginning 20 min before SETT and lasting throughout SETT. The pharmacological interventions were given in a double-blind design 1 h before the SETT assessment. Results Subjects showed a hypoalgesic effect of the opiate and of the EA for subjective pain rating (EA p=0.0051; tramadol p=0.0299), and pain tolerance index (time/rating) (EA p=0.043; tramadol p=0.047) analysed using analysis of covariance. More subjects reached the strict time limit of 30 min (analysed by logistic regression and adjusted OR as a post-hoc analysis) under EA compared with most other experimental conditions. Only EA and tramadol were not significantly different (95% Wald confidence limits: non-treatment control vs EA 0.011 to 0.542; placebo pill vs EA 0.009 to 0.438; ibuprofen vs EA 0.021 to 0.766; tramadol vs EA 0.065 to 1.436). Conclusion In a laboratory setting, an EA procedure was as effective as a single dose of an orally administered opiate in reducing experimentally induced ischaemic pain.

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