scholarly journals Effects of training against elastic resistance on jab punch performance in elite junior athletes

Kinesiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Predrag Markovic ◽  
Dajan Suzovic ◽  
Goran Kasum ◽  
Slobodan Jaric
Keyword(s):  
Movement Time ◽  
National Level ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Junior Athletes ◽  
Elastic Resistance ◽  
Punch Velocity ◽  
Movement Kinematic ◽  
Increased Strength

Ability to perform rapid open-kinetic chain movements (e.g. kicking, throwing, hitting, or punching) is an important prerequisite for success in various sports. The aims of the present study were (1) to investigate the effect of elastic resistance training (ERT) on the performance of jab punch, (2) to explore the associated changes in movement kinematic and kinetic patterns, and (3) to assess possible differences among competitors of different specializations. The national level junior competitors in kick boxing, savate, and boxing practiced jab punch against elastic resistance for 15 minutes per day, 3 times a week for 6 weeks, while the control group participated only in their regular training (N=10+10+10+10; age 17.2±1.0 years; M±SD). The results revealed a marked increase in the maximum jab punch velocity in all experimental groups (6-11%; all p<.01), but not in the control group (p>.05). This finding was associated with an increase in both the maximum velocity and displacement of the ipsilateral elbow, shoulder, and, particularly, hip joint, while no change in the movement time was observed. The ERT-associated increase was also revealed in the agonist (7-11%, all p<.01), but not antagonist muscle strength. Therefore, we conclude that addition of a relatively small amount of ERT could be recommended for the purpose of improving punching performance and, possibly, other rapid limb movement even in top-level junior athletes. The observed performance improvement could be partly based on increased motion amplitudes particularly regarding the pelvis movement, as well as on increased strength of agonist muscles

Utilizing Increased Resistance to Motion and Progressive Pacing Training Techniques to Increase Karate Strike Velocity

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Joel Thirer ◽  
Mark D. Grabiner
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Techniques ◽  
Additional Resistance ◽  
The One ◽  
Increased Strength

Increased resistance to motion and progressive pacing were examined relative to their effect on the execution of a forward middle punch karate strike (movement time). It was expected that both training methods would increase striking velocity. The method of utilizing increased resistance to motion would prove superior to the one which did not utilize additional resistance if increased strength would provide greater force, and thereby allow the inertia of the striking segments to be overcome within a shorter time. The results for 42 college students did not support the hypotheses as there was no perceivable difference in striking velocity for the two experimental groups or the control group who received no treatment.

scholarly journals Isolated Core Training Improves Sprint Performance in National-Level Junior Swimmers

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Weston ◽  
Angela E. Hibbs ◽  
Kevin G. Thompson ◽  
Iain R. Spears
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
National Level ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Swim Performance ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Training

Purpose:To quantify the effects of a 12-wk isolated core-training program on 50-m front-crawl swim time and measures of core musculature functionally relevant to swimming.Methods:Twenty national-level junior swimmers (10 male and 10 female, 16 ± 1 y, 171 ± 5 cm, 63 ± 4 kg) participated in the study. Group allocation (intervention [n = 10], control [n = 10]) was based on 2 preexisting swim-training groups who were part of the same swimming club but trained in different groups. The intervention group completed the core training, incorporating exercises targeting the lumbopelvic complex and upper region extending to the scapula, 3 times/wk for 12 wk. While the training was performed in addition to the normal pool-based swimming program, the control group maintained their usual pool-based swimming program. The authors made probabilistic magnitude-based inferences about the effect of the core training on 50-m swim time and functionally relevant measures of core function.Results:Compared with the control group, the core-training intervention group had a possibly large beneficial effect on 50-m swim time (–2.0%; 90% confidence interval –3.8 to –0.2%). Moreover, it showed small to moderate improvements on a timed prone-bridge test (9.0%; 2.1–16.4%) and asymmetric straight-arm pull-down test (23.1%; 13.7–33.4%), and there were moderate to large increases in peak EMG activity of core musculature during isolated tests of maximal voluntary contraction.Conclusion:This is the first study to demonstrate a clear beneficial effect of isolated core training on 50-m front-crawl swim performance.

Effects of Calisthenics and Pilates Exercises on Coordination and Proprioception in Adult Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derya Ozer Kaya ◽  
Irem Duzgun ◽  
Gul Baltaci ◽  
Selma Karacan ◽  
Filiz Colakoglu
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Closed Kinetic Chain

Objective:To assess and compare the effects of 6 mo of Pilates and calisthenics on multijoint coordination and proprioception of the lower limbs at the 3rd and 6th mo of training.Design:Randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded, repeated-measures.Setting:University research laboratory.Participants and Intervention:Healthy, sedentary, female participants age 25–50 y were recruited and randomly divided into 3 groups: a calisthenic exercise group (n = 34, mean age ± SD 40 ± 8 y, body-mass index [BMI] 31.04 ± 4.83 kg/m2), a Pilates exercise group (n = 32, mean age ± SD 37 ± 8 y, BMI 31.04 ± 4.83 kg/m2), and a control group (n = 41, mean age ± SD 41 ± 7 y, BMI 27.09 ± 4.77 kg/m2). The calisthenics and Pilates groups underwent related training programs for 6 mo, while the controls had no specific training.Main Outcome Measures:Coordination and proprioception of the lower extremities with concentric and eccentric performances in the closed kinetic chain assessed with the monitored rehab functional squat system at baseline and at the 3rd and 6th mo of training.Results:For the within-group comparison, coordinative concentric and eccentric deviation values were significantly decreased for both dominant and nondominant lower limbs at pretraining and at the 3rd and 6th mo posttraining in the calisthenics group (P < .05). In contrast, there was no improvement in the Pilates group throughout the training. However, for comparisons between groups, the baseline values of coordinative concentric and eccentric deviations were different in the calisthenics group than in Pilates and the controls (P < .05). There were no differences in the proprioception values of either visible or nonvisible movement in any group throughout the training (P > .05).Conclusions:It seems that calisthenic exercises are more likely to improve coordination of the lower extremity after 3 and 6 mo of training than Pilates exercises. Calisthenic exercises may be useful for individuals who require improved coordination.

scholarly journals PLAYING ACTIVE VIDEO GAMES WHILE IN A TENNIS TRAINING PROCESS: A NEW TRAINING TOOL OR A HANDICAP FOR CHILDREN?

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Luka Šlosar ◽  
Matej Plevnik ◽  
Uroš Marušič
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Active Video Games ◽  
Active Video ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Game Intervention ◽  
Experimental Group

Aim: The purpose of this pilot study was to quantify the effect of a continued active video games (AVG) playing on the tennis forehand and backhand technique development. Methods: Altogether 24 tennis players (7 – 9 year olds) were randomly divided in two different groups, both involved in a 12-week tennis training program (twice a week for an hour). The participants in the experimental group received an additional twice a week (20-minute) AVG Virtua Tennis 4 game intervention at the end of each regular tennis training hour, while the participants in the control group received no additional intervention. Pre- and post-AVG intervention, the Tennis Rating Score for Children scale (TRSC) was applied to detect tennis training-related changes that occur in each specific stroke. Results: Our results at the post-test show that participants in the experimental group did not significantly improved in one element (TRSC12; p = 0,317) in the forehand stroke and two (TRSC10; p = 0,157 and TRSC12 p = 0,157) in the backhand. The control group significantly improved in all the fifteen evaluated elements in both the forehand and backhand stroke. The experimental group had a higher effect size in all the kinetic chain section in both the forehand and backhand stroke compared to the control. The same happens for the TRSC7 (point of contact – height). Conclusion: Prolonged AVG playing seems to improve visual attentions skills (perception of a moving object) in young tennis players, giving them the opportunity to be able to prepare themselves for the oncoming ball sooner as compared to their control counterparts. From the other perspective, AVG were shown to negatively affect correct players positioning, especially at the beginning and at the end of a stroke. Keywords: exergames, tennis technique, visual attention skills

scholarly journals The Effect of Quadriceps Kinesio Taping on the Anaerobic Muscle Power and Anaerobic Threshold of Active Male Students

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh Behboodi ◽  
Marefat Siahkohian ◽  
Mohsen Barghamadi
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Kinesio Taping ◽  
Functional Value

Introdution: The Purpose of this study examined the effect of Kinesio taping the quadriceps femurs muscle of active students on anaerobic muscle power (AMP) and the anaerobic threshold (AT) to analyze the functional value of taping on athletic performance capacity. Methods: Twenty eight male healthy students with a mean age of 22.02±2.2 years were enrolled in this study voluntarily and randomly divided into two groups of taping (n=13) and control (n=15) groups. The anaerobic muscle power (AMP) was measured by the Wingate test, and the anaerobic threshold of participants was measured by a dependent maximal treadmill protocol (Conconi Test) with a week gap. Kinesio tapes, 5 cm in width, were applied to quadriceps femurs muscles of participants. The anaerobic threshold was evaluated after 7 days taping, then after 7 days, the anaerobic muscle power was re-evaluated. Normality of data and homogeneity were tested by Shapiro–Wilk test. Paired sample t-test for within groups and independent t-test for between groups comparison were used to analyses the hypotheses (P≤0.05). Results: The results showed that there were significant differences between pre and posttest of total time, total distance, maximum velocity, LTP1, anaerobic capacity, maximum power and anaerobic capacity ratio after taping. There were no significant differences between pre and posttest in the control group. Conclusion: Taping of the quadriceps femurs muscle of active students was effective on the anaerobic muscle power and the anaerobic threshold, indicating its beneficial effects for athletic performance

Blood Flow Velocity Profiles in Pulmonary Branch Arteries in Lambs

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-241
Author(s):  
H. Katayama ◽  
G. W. Henry ◽  
C. L. Lucas ◽  
B. Ha ◽  
J. I. Ferreiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Left Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pulsed Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Right Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Blood Flow Velocities ◽  
The Right

We studied the detailed profiles of blood flow in the right and left pulmonary arteries using 20 MHz pulsed Doppler ultrasound equipment in a lamb model. Fourteen lambs aged four to six weeks were selected. In six lambs, monocrotaline pyrrole was injected parenterally to create pulmonary hypertension (PH group). Eight other lambs served as unaltered controls (control group). The blood flow velocities were sampled in 1mm increments along the anterior—posterior axis of the branch arteries. The maximum velocity of the forward flow in the left pulmonary artery was higher than that in the right pulmonary artery in the control group (71.7 ± 15.9cm/s vs 60.2 ± 13.5; p < 0.05). The fastest backward flow was located at the posterior position of the vessel in the right pulmonary artery in the control group. No significant bias in location was shown in the left pulmonary artery. Using indices of P90, acceleration time, P90*AcT, the velocity waveforms in the PH group were compared with those in the control group. In the left pulmonary artery, every index in the control group showed a significantly greater value that in the PH group. On the other hand, no significant differences were found between either group in the right pulmonary artery.

scholarly journals Estimation of differences in selected indices of vibroacoustic signals between healthy and osteoarthritic patellofemoral joints as a potential non-invasive diagnostic tool

2021 ◽  
Vol 2130 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
R Karpiński ◽  
P Krakowski ◽  
J Jonak ◽  
A Machrowska ◽  
M Maciejewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Joint Surfaces ◽  
Vibroacoustic Signals

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is currently the most generic form of joint disease. It is a complex process in which degenerative changes occur in the articular cartilage [AC], subchondral bone, and synovial membrane and can lead to permanent joint failure. The primary and most commonly used method of diagnosing degenerative changes is classic radiography. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to assess the extent of damage to joint surfaces, but this method is limited by the availability of specialised equipment and the excessive cost of the examination. Arthroscopy, an invasive procedure, is considered the “gold standard” in joint diagnosis. The occurrence of degenerative changes is closely related to the friction and lubrication processes within the joint. The main causes of osteoarthritis are a change or lack of synovial fluid, deformation of the joint bones, local damage to the articular cartilage, and a change in the mechanical properties of the articular cartilage due to water loss from the damaged superficial layer. An alternative, non-invasive method that allows for a delicate assessment of the condition of moving joints is vibroarthrography (VAG). The analysis of vibroacoustic signals generated by moving joint surfaces has an immense potential in the non-invasive assessment of the degree of damage to articular cartilage, meniscus and ligaments and the general diagnosis of degenerative diseases. The purpose of this study is to analyse and statistically compare the basic characteristics of vibroacoustic signals recorded with a CM-01B contact microphone placed on the patella for motion in the 90°–0°–90° range in a closed kinetic chain (CKC) in a control group (HC) and a group of patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis (OA), qualified for the knee alloplasty.

Elastic Resistance Training Produces Benefits Similar to Conventional Resistance Training in People With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
pp. 1891-1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiano F de Lima ◽  
Vinicius Cavalheri ◽  
Bruna S A Silva ◽  
Isis Grigoletto ◽  
Juliana S Uzeloto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Elastic Resistance ◽  
Functional Exercise ◽  
Functional Exercise Capacity ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of elastic resistance training on improving muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and dyspnea in people with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods For this systematic review, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase (OVID), PEDro, SciELO, and CINAHL were searched from inception to November 2019. Included studies were randomized clinical trials in which people with stable COPD were allocated to (1) an experimental group that received lower-limb resistance training, upper-limb resistance training, or both using elastic resistance; or (2) a control group that received no or sham resistance training or conventional resistance training using weight machines. Data extraction was performed by 3 review authors. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. Eight studies on 332 participants were included. Results Knee extensor strength was higher in the experimental group (standardized mean difference = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.09–0.95) compared with the non-exercise control group. Compared with the conventional exercise control, the experimental group presented similar effects for muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, HRQoL, and dyspnea (95% CI overlapped the line of no effect for all). Conclusions Elastic resistance training improves muscle strength in people with COPD. The current review suggests elastic resistance as a potential alternative to conventional resistance training using weight machines, as they show similar effects on muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, HRQoL, and dyspnea. Impact Due to its beneficial effects, including reduced risk of exacerbation-related hospitalizations, exercise training is viewed as the cornerstone of pulmonary rehabilitation in people with COPD. This study shows that elastic resistance training can be an effective, portable, practical, and low-cost alternative to conventional weight resistance training. Lay Summary Training with elastic resistance tubes or bands—which are easy to carry, easy to use, and relatively low cost—can be an effective way to improve strength for people with COPD and promote similar benefits to those achieved with weight machines.

The Impact of Tennis and Golfer’s Elbow on Shoulder External Rotators and Abductors’ Peak Torque

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-475
Author(s):  
Bassam A. Nabil ◽  
Mariam A. Ameer ◽  
Azza M. Abdelmohsen ◽  
Abeer F. Hanafy ◽  
Ahmed S. Yamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Tennis Elbow ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Healthy Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
External Rotator ◽  
Golfer’S Elbow

Context: Upper limb activities require a repetitive movement of the shoulder external rotator and abductor muscles. The malfunction of the proximal part of the upper limb kinetic chain tends to change the mechanics of the distal part and increase the risk of injuries. Objectives: To compare the normalized eccentric peak torque (NEPT) of the shoulder external rotator and abductor muscles among healthy athletes and those with tennis elbow and golfer’s elbow. Design: An experimental cross-sectional study. Setting: Isokinetic laboratory, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University. Participants: A total of 30 male athletes participated voluntarily in this study. Intervention: Participants were distributed into 3 groups: healthy group, tennis elbow group, and golfer’s elbow group. Main Outcome Measures: NEPT of shoulder abductors and external rotators. The Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer was used to measure the variables of interest. Results: There was a significant increase in the NEPT of shoulder abductors and external rotators in healthy control group compared with both tennis elbow and golfer’s elbow groups at an angular velocity of 60°/s (P < .05). Moreover, there was a significant increase in the NEPT of shoulder external rotators and abductors at an angular velocity of 120°/s in healthy control group compared with tennis elbow group and in golfer’s elbow group compared with tennis elbow group (P < .05). Conclusion: Tennis elbow and golfer’s elbow are associated with decreased NEPT of shoulder external rotators and abductors compared with those of healthy athletes. This tends to decrease the external stability of the shoulder joint and put high stress on the distal joints of the upper kinetic chain.

scholarly journals Practice effects on fast and accurate spatially constrained movements

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Ferro Pereira ◽  
Inara Marques ◽  
Victor Hugo Alves Okazaki
Keyword(s):  
Movement Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feedback Information ◽  
Deceleration Phase ◽  
Mouse Cursor ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Practice Trials ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

AbstractPurpose. The effects of practice were analyzed in the control of fast and accurate spatially constrained movements. Methods. Twenty men (20-26 years old) evenly divided into an experimental and control group were analyzed in three time periods: pre-test, post-test, and retention. Discrete Aiming Task ver. 2.0 software simulated Fitts’ task (1954) and provided kinematic analysis of mouse cursor movements (displacement, velocity, and acceleration). The task consisted of using the mouse to click on two parallel targets as fast and accurately as possible. Four target widths (W = 2.0, 1.0, 0.5, and 2.5 inches) and three distances between the targets (D = 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 inches) were used to provide indexes of difficulty (ID) from 1 to 6 bits. The experimental group performed 108 practice trials (three blocks of 36 trials on different days) while the control group had no practice. Results. Movement time (MT) decreased in the experimental group largely due in part to a reduction of time used for feedback. It is suggested that the improvement in performance as a function of practice occurred through the interdependence of programming and the feedback process. As the task was practiced, there was decreased need for feedback due to better pre-programming of the primary submovement and the improved use of sensorial feedback information. This strategy and a lengthened deceleration phase can help explain the paradigm of fast and accurate movement as a result of practice. Conclusions. Despite the improved performance changes as a consequence of practice, Fitts’ Law proved to be robust enough to predict MT as a function of ID.

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