scholarly journals The Normative Significance of Self

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Dale Dorsey
Keyword(s):  
Social Roles ◽  
Practical Rationality ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Normative Significance

A number of recent (and not so recent) works in the metaethics of practical rationality have suggested that features of a person’s character, commitments, projects, practical identities and social roles have important normative consequences. For instance, I might commit to caring for a loved one, or I might become an artist, or take on the role of father to a child. In each case, it seems right to say that the normative landscape I face has been altered by this new fact – to put them under one general heading, the new fact about my self. In this paper, I explore the normative significance of self and how best it is to be understood. Typically, views that posit the normative significance of self hold that the content of one’s self can create practical reasons to behave in particular ways. For instance, if I become a father, this means that there are additional reasons to care for my child than there were prior to this fact of self. I argue, however, that this suggestion cannot be plausibly sustained – facts of self do not give rise to practical reasons. I show that, while there are two ways that facts of self might give rise to or create new practical reasons, both succumb to very serious problems. However, or so I also argue, we can salvage the normative significance of self via an alternative mechanism. Facts of self, such as the fact that one is an artist or a father, do not create new reasons. Rather, they strengthen certain pre-existing reasons, viz., those reasons to which I am especially susceptible given this fact of self.

scholarly journals Overview on the Different Patterns of Tumor Vascularization

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
Domenico Ribatti ◽  
Francesco Pezzella
Keyword(s):  
Vasculogenic Mimicry ◽  
Endothelial Cell Proliferation ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Tumor Vascularization ◽  
Angiogenic Therapy ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Inhibition Of Angiogenesis ◽  
Therapeutic Development

Angiogenesis is a crucial event in the physiological processes of embryogenesis and wound healing. During malignant transformation, dysregulation of angiogenesis leads to the formation of a vascular network of tumor-associated capillaries promoting survival and proliferation of the tumor cells. Starting with the hypothesis formulated by Judah Folkman that tumor growth is angiogenesis-dependent, this area of research has a solid scientific foundation and inhibition of angiogenesis is a major area of therapeutic development for the treatment of cancer. Over this period numerous authors published data of vascularization of tumors, which attributed the cause of neo-vascularization to various factors including inflammation, release of angiogenic cytokines, vasodilatation, and increased tumor metabolism. More recently, it has been demonstrated that tumor vasculature is not necessarily derived by endothelial cell proliferation and sprouting of new capillaries, but alternative vascularization mechanisms have been described, namely vascular co-option and vasculogenic mimicry. In this article, we have analyzed the mechanisms involved in tumor vascularization in association with classical angiogenesis, including post-natal vasculogenesis, intussusceptive microvascular growth, vascular co-option, and vasculogenic mimicry. We have also discussed the role of these alternative mechanism in resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy and potential therapeutic approaches to overcome resistance.

scholarly journals Cultural and Institutional Issues in ACP for Care Home Residents: Perspectives of Loved Ones

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 754-754
Author(s):  
Brian de Vries ◽  
Gloria Gutman ◽  
Helen Kwan ◽  
Katrina Jang ◽  
Shimae Soheilipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
Institutional Issues ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
Advance Care

Abstract Focus groups were held with family/decision makers of residents in an exclusively Chinese (EC; N=7) and a multi-ethnic (ME; N=8) care home, as well as South Asian (SA; n = 5) and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender caregivers (LGBT; n = 5) who had/have a loved one in a care home. Shared themes across groups included the role of the care home in Advance Care Planning (ACP) discussions, the timing of such discussions (i.e., at admission), and the extent to which another person was available and appropriate for such discussions. Issues unique to groups included superstition and the equation of ACP with funeral planning (EC), family history and regrets about not having planned (ME), gender differences and the need for education about ACP (SA) and the absence of traditional family among LGBT older adults. These themes highlight the challenges in ACP among diverse populations and the need for targeted interventions.

Programming the Common Market: The Making and Failure of a ‘Dirigiste’ Europe, 1957–1967

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Hugo Canihac
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
European Economic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

This article contributes to the debate about the history of the political economy of the European Economic Community (EEC). It retraces the efforts during the early years of the EEC to implement a form of ‘European economic programming’, that is, a more ‘dirigiste’ type of economic governance than is usually associated with European integration. Based on a variety of archives, it offers a new account of the making and failure of this project. It argues that, at the time, the idea of economic programming found many supporters, but its implementation largely failed for political as well as practical reasons. In so doing, it also brings to light the role of economists during the early years of European integration.

scholarly journals Social Role of the Librarians of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline da Rosa Ferreira Becker
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Educational Institute ◽  
The Social ◽  
Education Science

The study was carried out through the theoretical foundation about the conceptions and objectives of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, and also on the social role of the librarians of this educational institute. These Federal Institutes were created in Brazil in 2009 and they offer basic and higher education. This study aims at investigating, analyzing, and understanding if the librarians of the Federal Institutes of Education, Science, and Technology recognize their social roles as professionals that can contribute to the development of cognitive skills with regards to the information in the library’s users. A case study was carried out with all the librarians of the Federal Institutes and questionnaires were the method used for collecting data. It should be noted in the librarians’ answers that they recognize their social roles, and they act according to what they recognize. In their everyday practices, these librarians try to minimize the difficulties that the library’s users face in relation to the search, location, use, assessment, dissemination, and understanding of information.

scholarly journals WAHYU DAN KEBERHASILAN DAKWAH MUHAMMAD (Sebuah Kajian Sosiologis)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-135
Author(s):  
Khadziq Khadziq
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Legitimacy ◽  
The Social

Islam is embraced by many people through a relatively fast spread. This fact cannot be separated firom the role of its preacher, Muhammad. His success in da’wa activities was contributed by his social roles as well as the revelation that he brought. This article tries to explain that both the revelation and the social factors greatly supported his da’wa. Beside his positives, the existence of Quran as a revelation contributed the social legitimacy that Muhammad was considered as a figure to be followed in spite of his contrary values to the cultures of his time.

scholarly journals Food consumption of women during holidays: fit, healthy, or relaxed?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1, 2 e 3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caner Çalişkan ◽  
Çiğdem Sabbağ ◽  
Bekir Bora Dedeoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Impact

During holidays, what, why, and how do women consume? Women’s attitudes and thoughts about food consumption should be researched in terms of their social roles. However, the important role of women in holiday planning process makes women's food consumption preferences and also behaviours an important data source especially for tourism managers. This study focused on the impact of holidays on women’s food consumption. For this purpose, face-to-face interviews were carried out with 15 women participants, who spent two holiday periods during the previous year – summer and winter – in Adıyaman, Turkey. According to the results of the survey, women’s food consumption preferences and behaviours change during the summer and winter holiday periods.

scholarly journals SOCIO-CULTURAL FEATURES OF SPEAKERS’ COMMUNICATIVE BEHAVIOR IN DIFFERENT SOCIAL ROLES AND THEIR TRANSLATION INTO UKRAINIAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myroslava Lohvynenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
Communication Situations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cultural Features ◽  
Linguistic Means

The article is a study of the features of the individual’s communicative behavior, when implementing different social roles. By analyzing the concept of the social role and status, author puts forward the classification of the most frequent social roles represented by an individual in formal and informal communication situations (that of a father, lecturer, friend, colleague, employer, employee, consultant). The work is based on the number of studied and investigated dialogical fragments, where one character appears in different social roles and uses various language means. Having considered typical communicative situations, the author also singles out linguistic and extra-linguistic means which mark the changes of speaker’s social roles, namely: elevated, sarcastic, polite, sad, ironic, joyful, neutral, strict, humorous, angry, contemptuous, intrusive, friendly, confident and other tones as well as smile, frown and raised eyebrows, laugh, direct eye contact, pointing finger, pointing the hand etc. At the next stage of the analysis the author reveals the language means that mark the changes of the speaker's social roles as well as outlines the difficulties, connected with their translation into Ukrainian. Translation of the dialogical fragments was studied in order to find out types of rendition of the means that indicate realization of different social roles by the speaker. Non-verbal communication was also researched, aiming to find out correlation between the social role of the speaker and the means, used by the speaker, according to his social role. As a result, the paper presents the analysis of such means of translation as transliteration, transcription, antonymous, descriptive, and contextual tracing, literal types of translation as well as their dependence on the social role of the speaker. So the components of intercourse let communicative behavior of the individual to be comprehensively considered. Thereby, the results of the study, their representation in per cents, as well as examples of the communicative situations and their analysis, are represented in the following article.

When a Little May Be Just Enough? Caring for People With Swallowing Difficulties at the End of Life, and Their Caregivers

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Roe ◽  
Rob George
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Specialist Palliative Care ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Dying Patients ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Swallowing Difficulties ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Nutrition And Hydration ◽  
Meaningful Role

Nutrition and hydration are emotive topics in many fields of health care. This can present particular challenges towards the end of life where reduced hydration and nutritional needs are a natural part of dying. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are increasingly involved in the care of dying patients. It is essential that they work as part of a dedicated, multidisciplinary team delivering a comprehensive package of specialist palliative care. In this paper, we will review the role of the SLP at the end of life and present information that will support the SLP to recognise and understand dying, and how medical and SLP interventions may compound rather than relieve symptoms. It is paramount that interventions are ethically sound and decision making is shared, respecting the autonomy of patients. In the event patients lack capacity, any advance directives/decisions and statements should be considered in consultation with caregivers. At the end of life, the focus of our intervention may shift from the patient to the caregiver, ensuring that they have a meaningful role in the care of their loved one in the final stages of dying.

scholarly journals Considering the role of ecology on individual differentiation

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Cabeza de Baca ◽  
Rafael Antonio Garcia ◽  
Michael Anthony Woodley of Menie ◽  
Aurelio José Figueredo
Keyword(s):  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Character Displacement ◽  
Complex Societies ◽  
Levels Of Organization ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Individual Differentiation ◽  
Strategic Differentiation ◽  
Integration Effort

AbstractOur commentary articulates some of the commonalities between Baumeister et al.'s theory of socially differentiated roles and Strategic Differentiation-Integration Effort. We expand upon the target article's position by arguing that differentiating social roles is contextual and driven by varying ecological pressures, producing character displacement not only among individuals within complex societies, but also across social systems and multiple levels of organization.

Royal British Legion War Grave Pilgrimages: A Medical Escort’s Perspective

1999 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-139
Author(s):  
J C Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Loved One ◽  
The World

AbstractThe Royal British Legion organises pilgrimages to nearly all parts of the world where British servicemen and servicewomen and their allies fought and died.The Pilgrimage Department has taken thousands of widows, other relatives, veterans and friends to visit the grave of a loved one or comrade buried overseas. The parties of pilgrims are escorted by Service medical officers and nurses of the Regular and Reserve Armed Forces. The role of the medical escort is described.

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