A Survey on Routing Protocal On Proactive and Reactive in Manet

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Balasubramanian T
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Routing Strategy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocal

In recent years, a vast research has been seen going on in the field of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). Due to limited resources in MANETs, to design an efficient and reliable routing strategy is still a challenge. An intelligent routing strategy is required to efficiently use the limited resources. Also the algorithms designed for traditional wired networks such as link-state or distance vector, does not scale well in wireless environment. Routing in MANETs is a challenging task and has received a tremendous amount of attention from researchers around the world. To overcome this problem a number of routing protocols have been developed and the number is still increasing day by day. It is quite difficult to determine which protocols may perform well under a number of different network scenarios such as network size and topology etc. In this paper we provide an overview of a wide range of the existing routing protocols with a particular focus on their characteristics and functionality. Also, the comparison is provided based on the routing methodologies and information used to make routing decisions. The performance of all the routing protocols is also discussed. Further this study will help the researchers to get an overview of the existing protocols and suggest which protocols may perform better with respect to varying network scenarios.

Routing Protocols for Ad-Hoc Networks

2011 ◽  
pp. 178-221
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mahmudul Islam ◽  
Ronald Pose ◽  
Carlo Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Ad Hoc Routing ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Routing Schemes ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hoc Networks

Ad-hoc networks have been the focus of research interest in wireless networks since 1990. Nodes in an ad-hoc network can connect to each other dynamically in an arbitrary manner. The dynamic features of ad-hoc networks demand a new set of routing protocols that are different from the routing schemes used in traditional wired networks. A wide range of routing protocols has been proposed to overcome the limitations of wired routing protocols. This chapter outlines the working mechanisms of state-ofthe- art ad-hoc routing protocols. These protocols are evaluated by comparing their functionalities and characteristics. Related research challenges are also discussed.

scholarly journals Mobility Impact on MANET Routing Protocols In Grid Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2691-2702
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Mir Ali Al-Quzwini ◽  
Zeinab R. Khaleel
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Transmission Time ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Grid Networks ◽  
Manet Routing ◽  
Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETS) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that are able to dynamically form a temporary network without any aid from fixed infrastructure or centralized administration due to no wired backbone.Ad Hoc networks are formed spontaneously and the nodes are highly mobile.Thispaper presents performance evaluations, comparisons, andanalysis for three routing protocols (AODV, DSR, and OLSR)to bring out their relative meritsundervarying network size and mobilitywith  various speed and pause times. The simulation is carried out using OMNET++ simulator based on the quantitative basic parameters like throughput, Packet transmission Ratio (PTR),packet transmission time delay and protocol overhead .The  nodes are distributed randomly in a grid network topology and mobile nodes moving using Random Waypoint mobility models. The results demonstrate that, undervarious node speeds and pause timesfor different network size, AODVoutperforms DSR and OLSR protocols, with respect to networkthroughput (by 0.9% and 4.4%, respectively). For protocoloverhead,DSR has lower overhead than both AODV and OLSR protocols (by 13.4% and 65.5%, respectively). In contrast, thepacket transmission time delay when using OLSR is shorter than whenusing both AODV (by 81.7%) and DSR (by 76.7%). 

scholarly journals A Comparative Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols for Flying Ad-Hoc Networks in Real Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4363
Author(s):  
Antonio Guillen-Perez ◽  
Ana-Maria Montoya ◽  
Juan-Carlos Sanchez-Aarnoutse ◽  
Maria-Dolores Cano
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
5 Ghz

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in our modern society and their development is rapidly accelerating. Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANETs) have opened a new window of opportunity to create new value-added services. However, the characteristics that make FANETs unique, such as node mobility, node distance, energy constraints, etc., imply that several guidelines need to be considered for their successful deployment. Although numerous routing protocols have been proposed for FANETs, due to the wide range of applications in which FANETs can be applied, not all routing protocols can be used. Due to this challenge, after breaking down and classifying the different types of existing routing protocols for FANET, this paper analyzes and compares the performance of several routing protocols (Babel, BATMAN-ADV, and OLSR) in terms of throughput and packet loss in a real deployment composed of several UAV nodes using 2.4 and 5 GHz WiFi networks. The results show that Babel achieves better performance in the studied metrics than OLSR and BATMAN-ADV, while BATMAN-ADV delivers significantly lower performance. This experimental study confirms the importance of choosing the proper routing protocol for FANETs and their performance evaluation, something that will be extremely important in a few years when this type of network will be common in our day-to-day life.

scholarly journals A Novel Approach Certificate Revocation in MANET using Fuzzy logic

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
Jayanthi. E ◽  
Mohammed Ali Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Certificate Revocation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Challenging Tasks ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Hoc Networks

<span lang="EN-US">Due to the advent developments in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) based environment, Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have fascinated much concentration because of their mobility and easy deployment. At the same time, their wireless and vibrant features make them susceptible to wide range of types of security attacks when compared to the traditional wired networks. The prime challenge is to assure security in the network components and services. To work out the challenge, novel security measures are put forward for effective and secured communication. In our proposed work, we discuss the need for Security in MANET, focusing on certificate revocation. Providing security is challenging tasks due to its key features. Different authentication techniques, Digital certificate and components of Public Key Infrastructure are also discussed. The certificate revocation is a challenging task in MANETs due to absence of centralized repositories and trusted authorities. The different methods of certificate revocation using cluster based mechanism is analyzed and compared. The principle, advantages and disadvantages of certificate revocation are also compared. And the novel Certificate revocation techniques using fuzzy is discussed with reduced overhead.</span>

scholarly journals Performance evaluation for vehicular ad-hoc networks based routing protocols

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1080-1091
Author(s):  
Hussain Falih Mahdi ◽  
Mohammed Salah Abood ◽  
Mustafa Maad Hamdi
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Wireless Router ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Aodv Protocol ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
End To End ◽  
Hoc Networks

VANET is a branch of MANETS, where each vehicle is a node, and a wireless router will run. The vehicles are similar to each other will interact with a wide range of nodes or vehicles and establish a network. VANETs provide us with the infrastructure to build new solutions for improving safety and comfort for drivers and passengers. There are several routing protocols proposed and evaluated for improving VANET's performance. The simulator is preferred over external experience because it is easy, simple, and inexpensive. In this paper, we choose AODV protocol, DSDV protocol, and DSR protocol with five different nodes density. For each protocol, as regards specific parameters like (throughput, packet delivery ratio, and end- to- end delay). On simulators that allow users to build real-time navigation models of simulations using VANET. Tools (SUMO, MOVE, and NS-2) were used for this paper, then graphs were plotted for evaluation using Trace-graph. The results showed the DSR is much higher than AODV and DSDV, In terms of throughput. While DSDV is the best choice because of the low average end to end delay. From the above, we conclude that each strategy has its own negative and positive aspects that make it ideally suited to a particular scenario than other scenarios.

scholarly journals A New Fog-Based Routing Strategy (FBRS) for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled S. El Gayyar ◽  
Ahmed I. Saleh ◽  
Labib M. Labib
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Routing Strategy ◽  
Hoc Networks

Abstract Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) plays a significant role in future intelligent transportation systems. The main objective of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is to improve driver safety and traffic efficiency. Many researchers proposed different schemes to improve communication efficiency. It is quite challenging where vehicles’ speed, Direction, and density of neighbors on the move are not consistent. Although several routing protocols have been introduced to manage data exchange among vehicles in VANETS, they still suffer from many drawbacks such as lost packets or time penalties. This paper introduced a new Fog Based Routing Strategy, which constructs a reliable system of adaptive, stable, and efficient routing networks. FBRS consists of two main phases: System Setup Phase (SSP) and System Operation Phase (SOP). SSP creates a cluster network, collects its nodes’ data, mining routes between them, and ranking paths using Dijkstra’s algorithm into a simplified table. Although, SOP generates a reliable route between the request of any two nodes for a communication channel and maintains the route against any simultaneous crashes. Recent VANET routing protocols have been compared against FBRS. Experimental results have proven the outperforming of the proposed algorithm against recent routing protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio and routing overhead.

scholarly journals A New Fog-Based Routing Strategy (FBRS) for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled S. El Gayyar ◽  
Ahmed I. Saleh ◽  
Labib M. Labib
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Routing Strategy ◽  
Hoc Networks

Abstract Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) plays a significant role in future intelligent transportation systems. The main objective of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is to improve driver safety and traffic efficiency. Many researchers proposed different schemes to improve communication efficiency. It is quite challenging where vehicles’ speed, Direction, and density of neighbors on the move are not consistent. Although several routing protocols have been introduced to manage data exchange among vehicles in VANETS, they still suffer from many drawbacks such as lost packets or time penalties. This paper introduced a new Fog Based Routing Strategy, which constructs a reliable system of adaptive, stable, and efficient routing networks. FBRS consists of two main phases: System Setup Phase (SSP) and System Operation Phase (SOP). SSP creates a cluster network, collects its nodes’ data, mining routes between them, and ranking paths using Dijkstra’s algorithm into a simplified table. Although, SOP generates a reliable route between the request of any two nodes for a communication channel and maintains the route against any simultaneous crashes. Recent VANET routing protocols have been compared against FBRS. Experimental results have proven the outperforming of the proposed algorithm against recent routing protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio and routing overhead.

scholarly journals Greedy Intersection-Mode Routing Strategy Protocol for Vehicular Networks

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Marwan Mahmoud ◽  
Mahmoud Ahmad Al-Khasawneh
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Strategy ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Intersection Method ◽  
Selection Of

The advantages of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been acknowledged, particularly during the last decade. Furthermore, VANET-related issues have been addressed by different researchers. Forwarding information professionally in a VANET is considered a challenging task precisely at the intersections where forwarding the information turns out to be extremely problematic. To elucidate this problem, many researchers have established routing protocols. The improved greedy perimeter stateless routing protocol (IGPSR) has been suggested, in the direction of employing greedy-mode proceeding traditional transportation's streets as well as to employ intersection-method at the joints. In view of greedy mode, the selection of the following stage is as in GPSR. By contrast, in the mode at an intersection, we would expect the vehicle guidelines to govern the following stage. The recreated consequences expose the algorithm, which is anticipated to undeniably demonstrate its competency.

scholarly journals Number of Node Estimation in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Saher Manaseer ◽  
Ibrahem Alhabash
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

<p class="0keywords">Mobile Ad hoc networks do not have any form of centralized control as per their definition. Therefore, many challenges face the development of efficient protocols for such networks. One of the main challenges is the difficulty of extracting the total number of nodes in the network, this paper aims to find an estimate for this number using the average hop count for messages exchanged in the network. Experiments of this paper are conducted on Ad Hoc networks under DSR and AODV routing protocols. Results show a relation between network size and average hop count that can be used to predict the number of nodes in the network.<strong></strong></p>

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