scholarly journals Ethically Speaking: Teachers and the Politics of Eduational Reform

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Shields
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Moral Agent ◽  
Ethical Judgment ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Standard ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
College Teachers ◽  
Ontario College Of Teachers ◽  
Practice Of Teaching

The Ontario College of Teachers is in the process of revising its statement of Ethical Standards. The proposed guidelines ("Revised Ethical Standard s") reflect a new way at looking at the role and responsibilities of teachers in Ontario. Rather than focusing on behaviors or rules to be followed in particular sets of circumstances, the proposed revisions focus on four key values or virtues that can guide ethical judgment and decision making in the day to day practice of teaching. This shift emphasizes the importance of informed professional judgment and views the teacher as a responsible moral agent. With autonomy comes accountability and as a member of a professional college, teachers exercise their autonomy in communication with their colleagues .

scholarly journals UK Trainee Sport and Exercise Psychologists’ Perspectives on Developing Professional Judgment and Decision-Making Expertise During Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-343
Author(s):  
Michelle Smith ◽  
Hayley E. McEwan ◽  
David Tod ◽  
Amanda Martindale
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Analytical Reasoning ◽  
British Psychological Society ◽  
Sport And Exercise ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

The research team explored UK trainee sport and exercise psychologists’ perspectives on developing professional-judgment and decision-making (PJDM) expertise during their British Psychological Society Qualification in Sport and Exercise Psychology (Stage 2). An assorted analysis approach was adopted to combine an existing longitudinal qualitative data set with the collection and analysis of a new qualitative data set. Participants (1 female, 6 male) were interviewed 4 times over a 3-yr training period, at minimum yearly intervals. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and reflexive thematic analysis applied to transcripts using the theoretical concepts of PJDM. Experience, analytical reasoning, and observation of other practitioners’ practice was useful for developing PJDM expertise. PJDM expertise might be optimized through the use of knowledge-elicitation principles. For example, supervisors could embed critical cues in the anecdotes they share to expand the experience base that trainees can draw from when making decisions.

scholarly journals Mitigating Advocacy Bias: The Effect of the Reviewer Role on Tax Professional Judgment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Tax Professionals ◽  
Decision Making Processes

This study examines the effect of the reviewer role on tax professionals' advocacy bias. Prior research establishes the prevalence of advocacy bias and focuses on whether reviewers can detect preparers' advocacy bias; however, this study examines whether the reviewer role influences tax professionals' judgment and decision-making processes. In an experiment randomly assigning 75 tax professionals to the reviewer and preparer roles, I find professionals who occupy the reviewer role report similar advocacy attitudes to preparers but are significantly less likely to exhibit advocacy bias than preparers. Reviewers also employ a more consistent decision process than those in a preparer role. Results highlight the reviewer role as a moderator of advocacy bias, demonstrating the importance of the reviewer role for firms and clients. Understanding the effects of review responsibilities on professionals at all levels is increasingly important as firms leverage emerging technology to complete tasks traditionally assigned to less experienced professionals.

scholarly journals Metacognition and Professional Judgment and Decision Making in Coaching: Importance, Application and Evaluation

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loel Collins ◽  
Howie J. Carson ◽  
Dave Collins
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Coach Education ◽  
Reflective Process ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Cognitive Apprenticeships ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Mixed Approach

Previous research has emphasised the dynamic nature of coaching practice and the need to consider both individual performer needs and necessary contextual trade-offs in providing optimum solutions. In this regard, a Professional Judgment and Decision Making framework has been suggested to facilitate an optimum blend of actions against these complex and dynamic demands. Accordingly, we extend this work and address recent calls for greater focus on expertise-oriented assessments, by postulating on the aspirant/developing coach’s capacity for and development of metacognition (i.e., active control over cognitive processes) as a ‘tool’ within the reflective process. Specifically, we propose that metacognition enables essential active cognitive processing for deep learning and impactful application, together with construction and refinement of useable knowledge to inform coaching decisions. Metacognition, therefore, helps to contextualise knowledge provided in training, further optimising the experience, particularly before certification. Finally, we exemplify how metacognition can be developed in coaches through the use of cognitive apprenticeships and decision training tools; and evaluated via a series of observed coaching episodes, with reasoning articulated through pre and postsession interview. Despite challenging traditional competency-based approaches to coach education, we believe that a considered mixed approach represents a vital next step in further professionalising sports coaching.

A Professional Judgment and Decision Making Case Study: Reflection-in-Action Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Martindale ◽  
Dave Collins
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Reflection In Action ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Insight Into

This case study of an elite judo player recovering from injury provides an exemplification of a practitioner’s Professional Judgment and Decision Making (PJDM) using a ‘reflection-in-action research’ methodology. The process of “reflection-in-action” Schön (1991) and in particular the concept of ‘framing’ offer insight into how professionals think in action. These concepts assisted the practitioner in organizing, clarifying and conceptualizing the client’s issues and forming intentions for impact. This case study exemplifies the influence of practitioner PJDM on implementation at multiple levels of practice including planning the overall program of support, designing specific interventions to aid client recovery and moment-to-moment in-situ decision making session-by session. It is suggested that consideration of practitioner PJDM should be a strong feature of case study reporting and that this approach carries the potential to extend our use of case studies within applied sport psychology practice.

Professional Judgment and Decision Making: The Role of Intention for Impact

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Martindale ◽  
Dave Collins
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Reflective Practice ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Clinical And Counseling Psychology ◽  
And Training

The field of applied sport psychology has recognized the growing consensus that professional autonomy and discretion brings with it the need to train, regulate, and evaluate practice (Evetts, 2001). However, research into how practitioners’ professional judgment is formed and the decision-making processes involved has not received concurrent attention. This paper illustrates some of the possible outcomes and implications for applied sport psychologists from consideration of Professional Judgment and Decision Making (PJDM) research in other fields such as medicine and teaching and in parallel disciplines such as clinical and counseling psychology. Investigation into the nature of decision content and how the crucial “intention for impact” (Hill, 1992) is formulated carries implications for the assessment, reflective practice, and professional development and training of applied sport psychologists. Future directions in PJDM research are suggested and a call is made for practitioners to be open to involvement in research of this nature.

Enhancing the Evaluation of Effectiveness with Professional Judgment and Decision Making

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Martindale ◽  
Dave Collins
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The Public ◽  
Formal Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Perceived Impact ◽  
Applied Sport Psychology

On the basis of anecdotal evidence and media interest, the public profile of applied sport psychology is ever increasing in terms of its perceived impact on the performance of elite athletes and teams. In the profession, however, there is some concern over whether we are managing to concurrently match this pace empirically, through the evolution of scientific methods and mechanisms to evaluate the effectiveness of practice. This article considers requirements of the current evaluation climate and provides an overview of existing formal evaluation procedures. It is suggested that the evolving intricacies and complexities of applied sport psychology practice are neither fully captured nor represented by these procedures. Consequently, a framework of professional judgment and decision making (PJDM) is proposed from which to consider the evaluation of practice. In addition, methods and mechanisms for enhancing and building on our current evaluation procedures are offered.

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