Antimicrobial Resistance in the Central African Region: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Achiangia Njukeng ◽  
Denis Ebot Ako-Arrey, ◽  
Elvis Tajoache Amin ◽  
Charles Njumkeng ◽  
Frankline Sevidzem Wirsiy
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
African Region

scholarly journals Preventing and managing antimicrobial resistance in the African region: A scoping review protocol

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254737
Author(s):  
Chinwe Juliana Iwu-Jaja ◽  
Anelisa Jaca ◽  
Ishmael Festus Jaja ◽  
Portia Jordan ◽  
Phelele Bhengu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
African Region ◽  
Care Systems

Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) constitutes a significant threat to global health and food security, typically associated with high morbidity and mortality rate. The high burden of infectious diseases coupled with the weak health systems in most countries of Africa magnifies the risk of increasing AMR and its consequences thereof. This scoping review will be aimed at mapping the evidence on interventions used to prevent and manage antimicrobial resistance in Africa, guided by the “One Health” concept. Methods We will consider interventions targeting multiple sectors such as health care systems, the agricultural and veterinary sectors. The outcomes to be considered include reduction of AMR decreased morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases, increased awareness for rational use of antimicrobials and reduced antibiotic consumption. We will include all types of studies regardless of study designs conducted within the context of the WHO African region. Studies will be excluded if they are not conducted in Africa and if they are literature reviews, only describing the concept of AMR without mentioning interventions. We will include studies identified through a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed and grey literature databases. In addition, we will search the reference lists of included studies and relevant reviews. Finally, we plan to do a citation search for included studies. Findings of this review will be narratively synthesized.

scholarly journals Mapping Twenty Years of Antimicrobial Resistance Research Trends

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian F Luz ◽  
Magnus van Niekerk ◽  
Julia Keizer ◽  
Nienke Beerlage-de Jong ◽  
Annemarie Braakman-Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Research Output ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Topic Modelling ◽  
African Region ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Global Threat

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to health and healthcare. In response to the growing AMR burden, research funding also increased. However, a comprehensive overview of the research output, including conceptual, temporal, and geographical trends, is missing. Therefore, this study uses topic modelling, a machine learning approach, to reveal the scientific evolution of AMR research and its trends, and provides an interactive user interface for further analyses. Methods: Structural topic modelling (STM) was applied on a text corpus resulting from a PubMed query comprising AMR articles (1999-2018). A topic network was established and topic trends were analysed by frequency, proportion, and importance over time and space. Findings: In total, 88 topics were identified in 158616 articles from 166 countries. AMR publications increased by 450% between 1999 and 2018, emphasizing the vibrancy of the field. Prominent topics in 2018 were Strategies for emerging resistances and diseases, Nanoparticles, and Stewardship. Emerging topics included Water and environment, and Sequencing. Geographical trends showed prominence of Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in the WHO African Region, corresponding with the MDR-TB burden. China and India were growing contributors in recent years, following the United States of America as overall lead contributor. Interpretation: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the AMR research output thereby revealing the AMR research response to the increased AMR burden. Both the results and the publicly available interactive database serve as a base to inform and optimise future research.

Gonococcal antimicrobial resistance: perspectives from the African region

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (Suppl 4) ◽  
pp. iv11-iv15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis J Ndowa ◽  
Joel M Francis ◽  
Anna Machiha ◽  
Hortense Faye-Kette ◽  
Marie Christine Fonkoua
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
African Region

scholarly journals Global research publications on irrational use of antimicrobials: call for more research to contain antimicrobial resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed M. Sweileh
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
African Region ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Research Publications ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Author Keywords ◽  
Number Of Publications

Abstract Background Irrational use of antimicrobials is highly prevalent. It is a major driving factor for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Research on irrational antimicrobial use is important for developing policies and regulations to combat and contain AMR. The present study aims to provide an overview of research publications on the irrational use of antimicrobials at the national and global levels. Methods Publications on irrational use of antimicrobials were extracted from Scopus using a wide range of relevant keywords for the study period from 1980 to 2020. Results In total, 656 publications on irrational use of antimicrobials were found. The bulk of publications in this field were about irrational use in humans. A limited number of publications were found on the irrational use of antimicrobials in the context of veterinary and environment. The number of publications, contributing countries, and the mean number of authors per article increased with time, most notably in the last decade. Authors from 105 different countries participated in publishing the retrieved articles with 22 (21.0%) participated in 10 or more publications. The United States led with 140 (21.6%) articles followed distantly by China (n = 49, 7.5%), India (n = 45, 6.9%), and the United Kingdom (n = 45, 6.9%). Countries in the South-East Asian region (n = 69, 10.5%) and the African region (n = 42, 6.4%) made the least contribution. The list of most frequent author keywords included “antimicrobial stewardship” and “community pharmacies”. The research themes focused on the hospital-based rational use of antimicrobials and the self-medication practices with antimicrobials in the community. In total, 420 different journals participated in publishing the retrieved documents. The Plos One journal (17, 2.6%) ranked first. The retrieved articles received an average of 15.6 citations per article and an h-index of 52. The most frequent antimicrobials encountered in the retrieved literature were penicillin, cephalosporin, and fluoroquinolones while the most frequently encountered pathogens were S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Conclusion Research on the irrational use of antimicrobials is needed from all countries and regions to implement appropriate policies to contain the AMR. Research on irrational use of antimicrobials in the context of veterinary is needed.

scholarly journals External quality assessment of bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing in African national public health laboratories, 2011–2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Perovic ◽  
Ali A. Yahaya ◽  
Crystal Viljoen ◽  
Jean-Bosco Ndihokubwayo ◽  
Marshagne Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
External Quality Assessment ◽  
Bacterial Identification ◽  
African Region ◽  
External Quality ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
National Public Health

AbstractBackgroundIn 2002, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched a regional microbiology external quality assessment (EQA) programme for national public health laboratories in the African region, initially targeting priority epidemic-prone bacterial diseases, and later including other common bacterial pathogens.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to analyse the efficacy of an EQA programme as a laboratory quality system evaluation tool.MethodsWe analysed the proficiency of laboratories’ performance of bacterial identification and AST for the period 2011–2016. Overall, 81 laboratories from 45 countries participated.The National Institute for Communicable Diseases of South Africa provided technical coordination following an agreement with WHO, and supplied EQA samples of selected bacterial organisms for microscopy (Gram stain), identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). National public health laboratories, as well as laboratories involved in the Invasive Bacterial Diseases Surveillance Network, were enrolled by the WHO Regional Office for Africa to participate in the EQA programme.ResultsWe analysed participants’ results of 41 surveys, which included the following organisms sent as challenges: Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza, Neisseria meningitidis, Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Enteritidis, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus anginosus, Enterococcus faecium, Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterobacter cloacae. Overall, 76% of participants obtained acceptable scores for identification, but a substantial proportion of AST scores were not in the acceptable range.ConclusionIn the African Region, implementation of diagnostic stewardship in clinical bacteriology is generally suboptimal. This report illustrates that AST is poorly done compared to microscopy and identification. It is critically important to make the case for implementation of quality assurance in AST, as it is the cornerstone for antimicrobial resistance surveillance reporting and implementation of the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System.

Antimicrobial resistance patterns in Neisseria gonorrhoeae among male clients of a sexually transmitted infections clinic in Kisumu, Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Carrie Nacht ◽  
Walter Agingu ◽  
Fredrick Otieno ◽  
Finch Odhiambo ◽  
Supriya D Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
African Region ◽  
Surveillance Period ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Urethral Discharge ◽  
Male Clients ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Approximately 11.4 million cases of gonorrhea occur in the WHO African Region annually and global incidence has been increasing. We sought to determine the distribution and types of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) in Kisumu, Kenya. Urethral swab specimens were obtained from men attending Universities of Nairobi, Illinois, and Manitoba sexually transmitted infection clinic with urethral discharge detected on clinical exam between 29 January and 2 July 2018. Gonorrhea was confirmed by culturing on Thayer–Martin GC Culture selective media. Disk diffusion was used to measure resistance to antimicrobials. Of the 138 males with history of urethral discharge or dysuria or urethral discharge on exam identified during the surveillance period, urethral swab samples were obtained from 60 men, and 35 (58%) were culture positive. Interpretation of the disk diffusion results showed high resistance (% of isolates) to: penicillin (97%), tetracycline (100%), ciprofloxacin (100%), and doxycycline (91%). All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone (100%) and azithromycin (100%). We observed high rates of resistance to several drug classes, likely driven by background selective pressure, as resistance was not observed among currently recommended Kenyan therapies for urethritis. Expanded surveillance for antimicrobial resistance in NG is warranted. Agar dilution or Etest reference testing is needed for accurate assessment of resistance.

Bacterial epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance in ascitic fluid: A 2-year retrospective study

2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Piroth ◽  
Andre Pechinot ◽  
Anne Minello ◽  
Benoit Jaulhac ◽  
Isabelle Patry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Ascitic Fluid
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