Roles of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Proteins in Immune Responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengjie Wang ◽  
Linqing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Proteins

scholarly journals Immunoproteomic Lessons for Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 486
Author(s):  
López ◽  
Barriga ◽  
Lorente ◽  
Mir
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Antigen Processing ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Class I ◽  
Antigenic Peptides ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune

Accurate antiviral humoral and cellular immune responses require prior recognition of antigenic peptides presented by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. Both the helper and the cytotoxic immune responses are critical for the control and the clearance of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) infection, which is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in infected pediatric, immunocompromised and elderly populations. In this article we review the immunoproteomics studies which have defined the general antigen processing and presentation rules that determine both the immunoprevalence and the immunodominance of the cellular immune response to HRSV. Mass spectrometry and functional analyses have shown that the HLA class I and II cellular immune responses against HRSV are mainly focused on three viral proteins: fusion, matrix, and nucleoprotein. Thus, these studies have important implications for vaccine development against this virus, since a vaccine construct including these three relevant HRSV proteins could efficiently stimulate the major components of the adaptive immune system: humoral, helper, and cytotoxic effector immune responses.

Synthesis, refolding and protective immune responses of a potential antigen for human Respiratory Syncytial Virus vaccine1

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Klinguer-Hamour ◽  
M.-C. Bussat ◽  
H. Plotnicky ◽  
D. Velin ◽  
N. Corvaïa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Syncytial Virus

scholarly journals Viral RNA N6-methyladenosine modification modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses of human respiratory syncytial virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. e1010142
Author(s):  
Miaoge Xue ◽  
Yuexiu Zhang ◽  
Haitao Wang ◽  
Elizabeth L. Kairis ◽  
Mijia Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Type I ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of respiratory tract infections in humans. A well-known challenge in the development of a live attenuated RSV vaccine is that interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral responses are strongly suppressed by RSV nonstructural proteins which, in turn, dampens the subsequent adaptive immune responses. Here, we discovered a novel strategy to enhance innate and adaptive immunity to RSV infection. Specifically, we found that recombinant RSVs deficient in viral RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and RSV grown in m6A methyltransferase (METTL3)-knockdown cells induce higher expression of RIG-I, bind more efficiently to RIG-I, and enhance RIG-I ubiquitination and IRF3 phosphorylation compared to wild-type virion RNA, leading to enhanced type I IFN production. Importantly, these m6A-deficient RSV mutants also induce a stronger IFN response in vivo, are significantly attenuated, induce higher neutralizing antibody and T cell immune responses in mice and provide complete protection against RSV challenge in cotton rats. Collectively, our results demonstrate that inhibition of RSV RNA m6A methylation enhances innate immune responses which in turn promote adaptive immunity.

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