scholarly journals Salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma, auclair vs brandwein grading system: A histopathological comparative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Omar I. Ahmed ◽  
Lehadh M. Al-Azzawi
Keyword(s):  
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma ◽  
Histologic Grade ◽  
P Value ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Intermediate Cell ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Intermediate Type ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Grading Systems

Background: The grading systems of salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma depend on different histologic and morphologic features. The aim of this study was to compare between Auclair and Brandwein systems according to their histologic criteria, and the type of cell predominant. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one case included hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) stained tissue slides that were diagnosed as MEC, originally categorized into low and high grade type regardless of the grading system, have meticulously undergone histopathologic review. The sample was graded according to criteria owing to Auclair and Brandwein methods. The predominant type of cells was determined by microscopic examination according to grade of tumor. Results: Regarding the Auclair method, 10 cases (47.6%) were low grade tumor, 11 cases (52.2%) were high grade type and none of them were intermediate type. By using Brandwein system for the same sample, 4 cases (19%) were low grade, 13 cases (61%) were a high grade tumor, and 4 cases (19%) were intermediate type. Even though, for both systems more than 35% of cases were predominated with epidermoid cells, and <15% showed mucous and intermediate cell predominance for each, whereas >30% were exhibited a mixed type of tumor cells. However, there was a significant correlation between the grading systems applied and the type of cell predominance (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: The number of cases distributed according to Brandwein system was increased as the level of histologic grade being raised, and the type of cells, which are relatively predominant, may be valuable in determining the histologic grade of tumors.

scholarly journals Salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma, auclair vs brandwein grading system: A histopathological comparative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Omar I Ahmed ◽  
Lehadh M Al-Azzawi
Keyword(s):  
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma ◽  
Histologic Grade ◽  
P Value ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Intermediate Cell ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Intermediate Type ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Grading Systems

Background: The grading systems of salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma depend on different histologic and morphologic features. The aim of this study was to compare between Auclair and Brandwein systems according to their histologic criteria, and the type of cell predominant. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one case included hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) stained tissue slides that were diagnosed as MEC, originally categorized into low and high grade type regardless of the grading system, have meticulously undergone histopathologic review. The sample was graded according to criteria owing to Auclair and Brandwein methods. The predominant type of cells was determined by microscopic examination according to grade of tumor. Results: Regarding the Auclair method, 10 cases (47.6%) were low grade tumor, 11 cases (52.2%) were high grade type and none of them were intermediate type. By using Brandwein system for the same sample, 4 cases (19%) were low grade, 13 cases (61%) were a high grade tumor, and 4 cases (19%) were intermediate type. Even though, for both systems more than 35% of cases were predominated with epidermoid cells, and <15% showed mucous and intermediate cell predominance for each, whereas >30% were exhibited a mixed type of tumor cells. However, there was a significant correlation between the grading systems applied and the type of cell predominance (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: The number of cases distributed according to Brandwein system was increased as the level of histologic grade being raised, and the type of cells, which are relatively predominant, may be valuable in determining the histologic grade of tumors. Keyword: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), Auclair system, Brandwein system.

Comparison between 1973 and 2004/2016 WHO grading systems in patients with Ta urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder

2021 ◽  
pp. jclinpath-2021-207400
Author(s):  
Claudia Collà Ruvolo ◽  
Christoph Würnschimmel ◽  
Mike Wenzel ◽  
Luigi Nocera ◽  
Gianluigi Califano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Bladder Tumour ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Grading Systems

AimsTo compare the 1973 WHO and the 2004/2016 WHO grading systems in patients with urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder (UCUB), since no consensus has been made which classification should supersede the other and since both are recommended in clinical practice.MethodsNewly diagnosed patients with Ta UCUB treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumour were abstracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database (2010–2016). Kaplan-Meier plots and multivariable Cox regression models (CRMs) tested cancer-specific mortality (CSM), according to 1973 WHO (G1 vs G2 vs G3) and to 2004/2016 WHO (low-grade vs high-grade) grading systems.ResultsOf 35 986 patients, according to 1973 WHO grading system, 8165 (22.7%) were G1, 17 136 (47.6%) were G2 and 10 685 (29.7%) were G3. According to 2004/2016 WHO grading system, 24 961 (69.4%) were low-grade versus 11 025 (30.6%) high-grade. In multivariable CRMs, G3 (HR: 2.05, p<0.001), relative to G1, and high-grade(HR: 2.13, p<0.001), relative to low-grade, predicted higher CSM. Conversely, G2 (p=0.8) was not an independent predictor. The multivariable models without consideration of either grading system were 74% accurate in predicting 5-year CSM. After addition of 1973 WHO or 2004/2016 WHO grade, the accuracy increased to 76% and 77%, respectively.ConclusionsFrom a statistical standpoint, it appears that the 2004/2016 WHO grading system holds a small, although measurable advantage over the 1973 WHO grading system. Other considerations, such as intraobserver and interobserver variability may represent an additional matric to consider in deciding which grading system is better.

Different effects of bronchoscopic interventions on children and adults with tracheobronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 030089162199589
Author(s):  
Zhang Jieli ◽  
Zhou Yunzhi ◽  
Zhang Nan ◽  
Zou Heng ◽  
Wang Hongwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma ◽  
Argon Plasma Coagulation ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Argon Plasma ◽  
Rigid Bronchoscopy ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Histologic Grading ◽  
Comprehensive Therapy

Aims: To investigate the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive bronchoscopic interventions for patients with tracheobronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). Methods: Patients with tracheobronchial MEC were included in this retrospective study, and the clinical features, histologic grading, treatments, and cumulative survival rates were calculated. Patients were categorized into child (n = 16) and adult (n = 19) group according to their ages. Histologic grading, treatments, and survival status were compared between the two groups. Results: In pathology, high-grade MEC counts for 6.77% and 42.10% in the child and adult group, respectively. As tumor growth pattern was concerned, 93.33% and 21.05% tumors in the child and adult group present intratracheal type. Multiple bronchoscopic interventions were conducted, including rigid bronchoscopy, argon plasma coagulation (APC), dioxide carbon cryotherapy, and electric loop. Tumors could be removed by multiple bronchoscopic interventions. Bronchoscopy-associated complications were rare, including an oral mucosa injury and a glottis edema. In the child group, one patient underwent left upper lung lobectomy. In the adult group, lobectomy and/or chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy were conducted in seven patients. The 5-year survival rate was 100% and 68.90% in the child and the adult group, respectively. Conclusions: Almost all children have low-grade and intratracheal MEC; 2/5 adults have invasive high-grade MEC. Multiple bronchoscopic interventions are effective in erasing low-grade intratracheal MEC without severe complications. For high-grade invasive MEC, aggressive and comprehensive therapy should be considered.

scholarly journals Urothelial carcinoma and its association with age and gender.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1719-1723
Author(s):  
Rukhsana Parveen Samo ◽  
Asim Mehmood ◽  
Sana Kashif
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Health Science ◽  
P Value ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Histological Grading ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

Objectives: To determine the urothelial carcinoma and its association with age and gender. Study Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Pathology department of Liaquat university of Medical and Health Science. Period: One year from January 2016 to December 2016. Material and Methods: Four micrometer thick paraffin-embedded and formalin-fixed sections were prepared from transurethral resection6of bladder6tumor (TURBT) samples of urothelial carcinoma patients and were examined. Histological grading was categorized as low and high grades. All the data was collected by self-made proforma. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 20. Results: Total 83 cases were enrolled in current study; their mean age was 49.19+12.33 years. Males were found in the majority 51(61.4%) and females were 32(38.6%). Most common age group was 46-60 years 36(43.4%). According to the histological grading high grade was most common as 65.10%, and low grade urothelial carcinoma was 34.90%. There was no significant difference according to age of histological grading. Male gender was most common, while progression of disease was higher among females in contrast to males as high grade carcinoma was significantly higher among females, p-value 0.014. Conclusion: It was concluded that male gender is the contributing factor of urothelial carcinoma, but disease progression significantly high among females. No significant association has been found according to age.

scholarly journals Correlation of placental histomorphology with doppler velocimetry in preeclampsia and IUGR and their perinatal outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2811
Author(s):  
Divya Solipuram ◽  
Akhila Vasudeva ◽  
Prashanth Adiga ◽  
Ashwin Das ◽  
Antony Sylvan D' Souza
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Kappa Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Histomorphological Changes

Background: Though numerous placental ischemic changes are described in relation to placental insufficiency, universally accepted criteria are unavailable till date leading to under or over reporting. Present study is an attempt to define standardized grading system for placental dysmorphology and correlate it with Doppler changes. The objective was to study placental histomorphology in preeclampsia and IUGR (Intrauterine Growth Restriction), to correlate the placental histomorphology with multivessel Doppler findings and their perinatal outcome in preeclampsia and IUGR.Methods: Prospective study was done over 2 years, 64 antenatal women with preeclampsia and/or IUGR were recruited, their multivessel Doppler measurements were recorded and placental histomorphological changes were studied post-delivery which were graded as either low or high grade placentas considering degree and number of ischemic changes observed.Results: Out of 64 cases, 33 (51.5%) cases had low grade changes and 31 (48.5%) had high grade changes. Out of 33 patients with low grade placentas 24 (73%) had normal Doppler, 20 (65%) out of 31 high grade placenta had abnormal Doppler. Placental histomorphology correlated well with Doppler abnormality (Coefficient of Kappa test). Syncytial knots>50%, presence of hypermature villi, infarcts, fibrin deposits were significantly associated with abnormal Doppler. High grade placenta group had significantly poor perinatal outcome (Chi square test).Conclusions: We formulated a grading system of placental dysmorphology in preeclampsia and IUGR which correlated well with clinical Doppler abnormality and perinatal outcome. Further studies are warranted to develop preventive strategies aimed at specific high grade placental changes seen in pregnancies with abnormal Doppler and develop strategies to improve perinatal outcome. 

scholarly journals Effects of artery input function on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for determining grades of gliomas

2020 ◽  
pp. 20200699
Author(s):  
Lin Jia ◽  
Xia Wu ◽  
Qian Wan ◽  
Liwen Wan ◽  
Wenxiao Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Input Function ◽  
P Value ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Dce Mri ◽  
Dynamic Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Quantitative Parameters ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
High Grade Gliomas

Objective: To evaluate the effect of artery input function (AIF) derived from different arteries for pharmacokinetic modeling on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) parameters in the grading of gliomas. Methods: 49 patients with pathologically confirmed gliomas were recruited and underwent DCE-MRI. A modified Tofts model with different AIFs derived from anterior cerebral artery (ACA), ipsilateral and contralateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) was used to estimate quantitative parameters such as Ktrans (volume transfer constant) and Ve (fractional extracellular-extravascular space volume) for distinguishing the low grade glioma from high grade glioma. The Ktrans and Ve were compared between different arteries using Two Related Samples Tests (TRST) (i.e. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test). In addition, these parameters were compared between the low and high grades as well as between the grade II and III using the Mann-Whitney U-test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: All the patients completed the DCE-MRI successfully. Sharp wash-in and wash-out phases were observed in all AIFs derived from the different arteries. The quantitative parameters (Ktrans and Ve) calculated from PCA were significant higher than those from ACA and MCA for low and high grades, respectively (p < 0.05). Despite the differences of quantitative parameters derived from ACA, MCA and PCA, the Ktrans and Ve from any AIFs could distinguish between low and high grade, however, only Ktrans from any AIFs could distinguish grades II and III. There was no significant correlation between parameters and the distance from the artery, which the AIF was extracted, to the tumor. Conclusion: Both quantitative parameters Ktrans and Ve calculated using any AIF of ACA, MCA, and PCA can be used for distinguishing the low- from high-grade gliomas, however, only Ktrans can distinguish grades II and III. Advances in knowledge: We sought to assess the effect of AIF on DCE-MRI for determining grades of gliomas. Both quantitative parameters Ktrans and Ve calculated using any AIF of ACA, MCA, and PCA can be used for distinguishing the low- from high-grade gliomas.

scholarly journals Configuration of soft-tissue sarcoma on MRI correlates with grade of malignancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Sedaghat ◽  
Mona Salehi Ravesh ◽  
Maya Sedaghat ◽  
Marcus Both ◽  
Olav Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Intermediate Grade ◽  
Cancer Centers ◽  
Grade Of Malignancy

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to assess whether the configuration of primary soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) on MRI correlates with the grade of malignancy. Patients and methods 71 patients with histologically proven STS were included. Primary STS were examined for configuration, borders, and volume on MRI. The tumors were divided into high-grade (G3), intermediate-grade (G2) and low-grade (G1) STS according to the grading system of the French Federation of Cancer Centers Sarcoma Group (FNCLCC). Results 30 high-grade, 22 intermediate-grade and 19 low-grade primary STS lesions were identified. High- and intermediate-grade (G3/2) STS significantly most often appeared as polycyclic/multilobulated tumors (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Low-grade (G1) STS mainly showed an ovoid/nodular or streaky configuration (p = 0.008), and well-defined borders. The appearance of high-, intermediate- and low-grade STS with an ovoid/nodular configuration were mainly the same on MRI. All streaky G3/2 sarcoma and 17 of 20 patients with polycyclic/multilobulated G3 sarcoma showed infiltrative borders. High-grade streaky and polycyclic/multilobulated STS are larger in volume, compared to intermediate- and low-grade STS. Conclusions Configuration of STS on MRI can indicate the grade of malignancy. Higher-grade (G2/3) STS most often show a polycyclic/multilobulated configuration, while low-grade STS are mainly ovoid/nodular or streaky. Infiltrative behavior might suggest higher-grade STS in streaky and polycyclic/multilobulated STS.

scholarly journals Pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma: Clinicopathological characteristics of 20 cases and a literature review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Yan Xiao Chen ◽  
Jun Zi Qian ◽  
Ping Yue ◽  
Jialei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Alk Rearrangement ◽  
Ki 67

Abstract Background: Pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a rare tumor of the lung. The clinicopathological characteristics of pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma are not well defined due to the low incidence. This study was performed to provide more supplementary clues for the identification and understanding of pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Methods: We reviewed the medical records since January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2018. The patients’ medical records，including age at the time of diagnosis , gender, smoking history, preoperative evaluations, operative procedures, tumor location, tumor size, tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, pathological markers, prognosis and survival information were extracted and reviewed. Categorical variables were presented as parameters and percentages. A comparison was performed between patients with high and low grade of pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Results: 20 patients were identified and the age span is from 18 to 67 year-old with the average age is 45. Mucoepidermoid carcinomas were commonly found in men（60%）. 80% patients had clinical presentations and the positive rate of tumor markers was 78%, although no specific tumor markers were found. TTF-1 were negative in all cases. ALK rearrangement was identified in a non-smoking woman with high grade pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Surgery is the main procedure. 3-year survival rate is 72% and 80% patients achieved disease-free alive. High-grade patients tend to harbor older age (p=0.035), larger tumor volume (p=0.026) and higher index of ki-67(p=0.0005). Conclusions: Pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma could occur in a wide age span. Early diagnosis and complete surgical resection may promise a good prognosis. Grading is a key factor to predict the overall survival time. Combined TTF-1 and MAML2 will benefit the identification of pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma from other lung tumors. Future prospective randomized controlled trials and larger, multi-centric series are needed.

ESR-alpha promoter methylation to predict survival in low-grade ovarian cancer.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15529-e15529
Author(s):  
Verena Engelstaedter ◽  
Rong Shi ◽  
Sabine Heublein ◽  
Christina Kuhn ◽  
Klaus Friese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Promoter Methylation ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Aberrant Methylation ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Prognostic Relevance ◽  
Significant Difference

e15529 Background: Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies and the leading cause of death among women with gynecological cancers. Different molecular markers have been studied for their prognostic relevance, but to date only CA 12-5 is used in routine diagnostic. Aberrant methylation of the estrogen receptor promoter (ESRp) was first described in colorectal cancer. Previous studies that described methylation of the ESRp in ovarian cancer suggested a potential role in cancer development. The aim of this study was to examine the methylation of the ESRp in a cohort of ovarian cancer patients in regard to its prognostic relevance. Methods: The study cohort consisted of 77 ovarian cancer patients that were diagnosed between 2000 and 2009 at the Department of OBGYN of the LMU Munich. A total of 50 patients died, 25 are still alive, 2 were lost to follow-up. Genomic DNA was isolated from paraffin-embedded cancer tissue and followed by bisulfite treatment. For detection of the methylated ESRp we used a sensitive real-time PCR. Results: Survival was significantly shorter for patients with aberrant promoter methylation within the subgroup of borderline, G1 and G2 tumors (31 patients; survival for methylated cases was 3.48 vs 4.91 years for unmethylated cases (p=0.010)). Within the small subgroup of borderline and G1 tumors (10 patients) survival for methylated cases was 4.73 vs 6.08 years for unmethylated cases (p=0.014). No significant difference of survival was observed for high grade (G3) ovarian cancer patients (p=0.745). Conclusions: We demonstrated for the first time that the methylation status of the ESRp might be a promising prognostic marker in ovarian cancer. ESRp methylation does not seem to be of prognostic relevance in high-grade ovarian cancer. In our study cohort a three-step grading system was used, but recent publications favor a two-step grading system. Thus, the G2 cases should be reevaluated to see whether they are G1 or G3. The difference in tumor etiology of low and high grade ovarian cancer might be responsible for the different prognostic relevance of ESRp methylation. Since our subgroup of borderline and G1 tumors is very small, these are preliminary results that have to be confirmed in a larger patient cohort.

Performance of a validated urine exosome gene expression assay to predict high-grade prostate cancer utilizing the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) 2014 grading system.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 49-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Donovan ◽  
Phillipp Torkler ◽  
Johan Skog ◽  
Mikkel Noerholm ◽  
Peter Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
International Society ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
Combined Training ◽  
Gleason Grading ◽  
Gene Expression Assay

49 Background: Overdetection and overtreatment of indolent prostate cancer (PCa) remains a significant health issue requiring noninvasive assays to guide the prostate biopsy decision process. We demonstrated that a urine exosome gene expression assay (ExoDx P rostate ( I ntelliScore) (EPI) discriminates GS 7 PCa from GS 6 and benign disease, potentially reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies. The International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) proposed a prognostic PCa grading system to accurately reflect the biology of PCa; ISUP separates GS 7 PCa into group 2 (GS 3+4) and group 3 (GS 4+3). We sought to evaluate the performance of the EPI test according to the newly proposed ISUP system. Methods: The 519 patient validation cohort was re-annotated using ISUP and assessed benign (B) +/- ISUP 1 and B+ISUP 1+2 (GS 3+3, GS 3+4) from ISUP 3-5 (GS >= 4+3). We used validated / adjusted cut-points to assess performance with the AUC, sensitivity, specificity and NPV. In addition, we investigated the association of the EPI score with the benign biopsies (BB) and ISUP groups in the combined training and test cohort (n=774). Results: Applying the adjusted cut point (EPI 20) on the 519 ISUP cohort discriminated benign biopsies (BB) + ISUP 1 from >/=ISUP 2, 37% of biopsies avoided, NPV of 90%, equivalent to Gleason grading. Utilizing either the validated (15.6) or adjusted cut points on BB+ISUP 1+ 2 vs. >/=ISUP 3 (dominant pattern 4), 26% vs 37% biopsies avoided, with an improved NPV 98%. In the combined training / test cohort, higher EPI scores were significantly associated with ISUP categories. In this analysis EPI in BB vs. all ISUP groups (p<0.0001); BB+ISUP 1 vs. >/= ISUP2 (p<0.0001) and BB+ISUP 1+2 vs. >/=ISUP3 (p<0.0001); supporting accurate discrimination in high grade PCa. Conclusions: The EPI test is a noninvasive, first-catch non-DRE gene expression assay that accurately discriminates low-grade from high-grade PCa in both ISUP as well as Gleason score based grading systems. The test has the potential to reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies and performs equally well in contemporary approaches to PCa stratification.

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