scholarly journals Classification of transversal gates in qubit stabilizer codes

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (9&10) ◽  
pp. 771-802
Author(s):  
Jonas T. Anderson ◽  
Tomas Jochym-O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Restricted Class ◽  
Stabilizer Codes ◽  
Single Qubit ◽  
Stabilizer Code ◽  
The Given ◽  
Logical Gate

This work classifies the set of diagonal gates that can implement a single or two-qubit transversal logical gate for qubit stabilizer codes. We show that individual physical diagonal gates on the underlying qubits that compose the code are restricted to have entries of the form e iπc/2 k along their diagonal, resulting in a similarly restricted class of logical gates that can be implemented in this manner. As such, we show that all diagonal logical gates that can be implemented transversally by individual physical diagonal gates must belong to the Clifford hierarchy. Moreover, we show that for a given stabilizer code, the two-qubit diagonal transversal gates must belong to the same level of Clifford hierarchy as the single-qubit diagonal transversal gates available for the given code. We use this result to prove a conjecture about arbitrary transversal gates made by Zeng et al. in 2007.

scholarly journals Small Majorana fermion codes

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (13&14) ◽  
pp. 1191-1205
Author(s):  
Mathew B. Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Upper Bound ◽  
Majorana Fermion ◽  
Hamming Code ◽  
Stabilizer Codes ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Logical Qubits ◽  
Stabilizer Code ◽  
Majorana Modes ◽  
The Given

We consider Majorana fermion stabilizer codes with small number of modes and distance. We give an upper bound on the number of logical qubits for distance 4 codes, and we construct Majorana fermion codes similar to the classical Hamming code that saturate this bound. We perform numerical studies and find other distance 4 and 6 codes that we conjecture have the largest possible number of logical qubits for the given number of physical Majorana modes. Some of these codes have more logical qubits than any Majorana fermion code derived from a qubit stabilizer code.

The Potential of the Russian Language Textbook in the Formation of Primary Schoolchildren’s Communicative Literacy

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
M. I. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Speech Situation ◽  
Linguistic Means

One of the goals of the Russian language course in the primary school is the formation of the communicative literacy. The content of the course should be aimed at understanding the wealth of linguistic means by primary school children; the formation of the ability to detect a violation of linguistic norms and the inadequacy of the linguistic means used in the speech situation; the accumulation of the experience in choosing of linguistic means in accordance with the peculiarities of the speech situation; the creation of oral and written texts that meet the criteria of content, connectivity, compliance with the norms of the Russian literary language. The article considers the classification of exercises that contribute to the formation of communicative literacy. The author gives the examples of exercises where the student acts in different roles: the student is an observer of the speech situation and analyzes the adequacy of the choice of linguistic means; the student is a direct participant in the given speech situation and makes a choice of language facilities; the student is offered to create the speech situation himself, to independently construct an oral and written text.

scholarly journals MultiKOC: Multi-One-Class Classifier Based K-Means Clustering

Algorithms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Loai Abdallah ◽  
Murad Badarna ◽  
Waleed Khalifa ◽  
Malik Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Classification Problems ◽  
Multiple Cancer ◽  
Multiple Tumor ◽  
One Class Classifier ◽  
The Given

In the computational biology community there are many biological cases that are considered as multi-one-class classification problems. Examples include the classification of multiple tumor types, protein fold recognition and the molecular classification of multiple cancer types. In all of these cases the real world appropriately characterized negative cases or outliers are impractical to achieve and the positive cases might consist of different clusters, which in turn might lead to accuracy degradation. In this paper we present a novel algorithm named MultiKOC multi-one-class classifiers based K-means to deal with this problem. The main idea is to execute a clustering algorithm over the positive samples to capture the hidden subdata of the given positive data, and then building up a one-class classifier for every cluster member’s examples separately: in other word, train the OC classifier on each piece of subdata. For a given new sample, the generated classifiers are applied. If it is rejected by all of those classifiers, the given sample is considered as a negative sample, otherwise it is a positive sample. The results of MultiKOC are compared with the traditional one-class, multi-one-class, ensemble one-classes and two-class methods, yielding a significant improvement over the one-class and like the two-class performance.

scholarly journals Quantitative Shape-Classification of Misfitting Precipitates during Cubic to Tetragonal Transformations: Phase-Field Simulations and Experiments

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1373
Author(s):  
Yueh-Yu Lin ◽  
Felix Schleifer ◽  
Markus Holzinger ◽  
Na Ta ◽  
Birgit Skrotzki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Phase Field ◽  
Phase Field Model ◽  
Invariant Moments ◽  
Plane Normal ◽  
Plane Shape ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
The Given ◽  
Good Agreement

The effectiveness of the mechanism of precipitation strengthening in metallic alloys depends on the shapes of the precipitates. Two different material systems are considered: tetragonal γ′′ precipitates in Ni-based alloys and tetragonal θ′ precipitates in Al-Cu-alloys. The shape formation and evolution of the tetragonally misfitting precipitates was investigated by means of experiments and phase-field simulations. We employed the method of invariant moments for the consistent shape quantification of precipitates obtained from the simulation as well as those obtained from the experiment. Two well-defined shape-quantities are proposed: (i) a generalized measure for the particles aspect ratio and (ii) the normalized λ2, as a measure for shape deviations from an ideal ellipse of the given aspect ratio. Considering the size dependence of the aspect ratio of γ′′ precipitates, we find good agreement between the simulation results and the experiment. Further, the precipitates’ in-plane shape is defined as the central 2D cut through the 3D particle in a plane normal to the tetragonal c-axes of the precipitate. The experimentally observed in-plane shapes of γ′′-precipitates can be quantitatively reproduced by the phase-field model.

FIXED ELEMENTS OF NONINJECTIVE ENDOMORPHISMS OF POLYNOMIAL ALGEBRAS IN TWO VARIABLES

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213
Author(s):  
YUEYUE LI ◽  
JIE-TAI YU
Keyword(s):  
Associative Algebra ◽  
Characteristic Zero ◽  
Polynomial Algebra ◽  
Free Associative Algebra ◽  
Polynomial Algebras ◽  
Fixed Element ◽  
The Given

Let $A_{2}$ be a free associative algebra or polynomial algebra of rank two over a field of characteristic zero. The main results of this paper are the classification of noninjective endomorphisms of $A_{2}$ and an algorithm to determine whether a given noninjective endomorphism of $A_{2}$ has a nontrivial fixed element for a polynomial algebra. The algorithm for a free associative algebra of rank two is valid whenever an element is given and the subalgebra generated by this element contains the image of the given noninjective endomorphism.

scholarly journals Ultrasonography in diagnosis of sexual development delay of girls and teenagers having diabetes mellitus of the 1st type

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
N. M. Kondratyeva ◽  
V. D. Zavadovskaya ◽  
E. B. Kravets ◽  
E. V. Gorbatenko ◽  
L. S. Strelis
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ultrasound Studies ◽  
Ultrasound Study ◽  
Development Delay ◽  
The Given ◽  
Ultrasound Classification

Girls-teenagers (n = 85) aged from 8 to 18 years having diabetes mellitus (DM) of the 1st type were investigated using ultrasonography method. Based upon decreasing and disproportion of the body and neck of the uterus, changed Mecho thickness and ovaries structure, different parameter of blood flow, we worked out classification of the four stages of sexual development delay (SDD) (0 stage in 15 girls, I stage in 26 girls, II stage in 20 girls and III stage in 21 girls). Comparative analysis of clinical and ultrasound studies showed the advantage of ultrasound study to assess status of internal genital organs in girls and teenagers having DM. Investigation performed based upon E. Tanner classification revealed SDD 40 girls, bimanual examination in 45 girls, sonography method — in 82 girls. The given ultrasound classification of sexual development delay in girls-teenagers having DM of the 1st type contributes to diagnosis and prescribing timely effective correction therapy.

scholarly journals Классификация географической терминологии (на материале сказки Р. Киплинга «Кот, который гулял где хотел» на русском и английском языках)

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Ю.П. Зайченко ◽  
С.Н. Семенова ◽  
О.В Бабак
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tale ◽  
The Given

The article is devoted to the classification of geographical terminology in R. Kipling’s fairy-tale “The Cat That Walked by Himself” in Russian and English. The relevance of the given study is due to the productivity of vocabulary from many sciences in fiction in the framework of various linguistic studies. The authors of the article constructed tables and a diagram. The data obtained in the course of the study were systematized in Russian and English. The frequency of words and concepts was revealed and comments were given.

scholarly journals Application of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for clustering financial tweets

2021 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 01071
Author(s):  
Sifi Fatima-Zahrae ◽  
Sabbar Wafae ◽  
El Mzabi Amal
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Sentiment Classification ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Preprocessing Method ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Standard Text ◽  
The Given ◽  
Dirichlet Allocation

Sentiment classification is one of the hottest research areas among the Natural Language Processing (NLP) topics. While it aims to detect sentiment polarity and classification of the given opinion, requires a large number of aspect extractions. However, extracting aspect takes human effort and long time. To reduce this, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method have come out recently to deal with this issue.In this paper, an efficient preprocessing method for sentiment classification is presented and will be used for analyzing user’s comments on Twitter social network. For this purpose, different text preprocessing techniques have been used on the dataset to achieve an acceptable standard text. Latent Dirichlet Allocation has been applied on the obtained data after this fast and accurate preprocessing phase. The implementation of different sentiment analysis methods and the results of these implementations have been compared and evaluated. The experimental results show that the combined uses of the preprocessing method of this paper and Latent Dirichlet Allocation have an acceptable results compared to other basic methods.

Classification of phraseological synonyms in English and Azerbaijani

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 134-137
Author(s):  
Dilara Rashid Khanbabayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
European Association ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
East German ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Given

The presented article deals with the classification of English synonyms. The notion of phraseology is wide.Here concepts of some distinguished scientists are presented in the given article. Phraseology (from Greek φράσις phrasis, "way of speaking" and -λογία -logia, "study of") is a scholarly approach to language which developed in the twentieth century. It took its start when Charles Bally's notion of locutions phraseologiques entered Russian lexicology and lexicography in the 1930s and 1940s and was subsequently developed in the former Soviet Union and other Eastern European countries. From the late 1960s on it established itself in (East) German linguistics but was also sporadically approached in English linguistics. The earliest English adaptations of phraseology are by Weinreich (1969) within the approach of transformational grammar, Arnold (1973), and Lipka. In Great Britain as well as other Western European countries, phraseology has steadily been developed over the last twenty years. The activities of the European Society of Phraseology (EUROPHRAS) and the European Association for Lexicography (EURALEX) with their regular conventions and publications attest to the prolific European interest in phraseology. European scholarship in phraseology is more active than in North America. Bibliographies of recent studies on English and general phraseology are included in Welte (1990) and specially collected in Cowie & Howarth (1996) whose bibliography is reproduced and continued on the internet and provides a rich source of the most recent publications in the field. Key words: phraseology,synonym,language,linguistics,scientist

Locality bounds on Hamiltonians for stabilizer codes

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (5&6) ◽  
pp. 487-499
Author(s):  
S.S. Bullock ◽  
D.P. O'Leary
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Stabilizer Codes ◽  
Adiabatic Quantum Computing ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stabilizer Code ◽  
Stabilizer Group ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Insight Into

In this paper, we study the complexity of Hamiltonians whose groundstate is a stabilizer code. We introduce various notions of $k$-locality of a stabilizer code, inherited from the associated stabilizer group. A choice of generators leads to a Hamiltonian with the code in its groundspace. We establish bounds on the locality of any other Hamiltonian whose groundspace contains such a code, whether or not its Pauli tensor summands commute. Our results provide insight into the cost of creating an energy gap for passive error correction and for adiabatic quantum computing. The results simplify in the cases of XZ-split codes such as Calderbank-Shor-Steane stabilizer codes and topologically-ordered stabilizer codes arising from surface cellulations.

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