Probabilistic quantum key distribution

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (7&8) ◽  
pp. 615-637
Author(s):  
Tzonelih Hwang ◽  
Chia-Wei Tsai ◽  
Song-Kong Chong
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Key Agreement ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Entanglement Swapping ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quantum Key Agreement ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Einstein Podolsky Rosen ◽  
Quantum Phenomena

This work presents a new concept in quantum key distribution called the probabilistic quantum key distribution (PQKD) protocol, which is based on the measurement uncertainty in quantum phenomena. It allows two mutually untrusted communicants to negotiate an unpredictable key that has a randomness guaranteed by the laws of quantum mechanics. In contrast to conventional QKD (e.g., BB84) in which one communicant has to trust the other for key distribution or quantum key agreement (QKA) in which the communicants have to artificially contribute subkeys to a negotiating key, PQKD is a natural and simple method for distributing a secure random key. The communicants in the illustrated PQKD take Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs as quantum resources and then use entanglement swapping and Bell-measurements to negotiate an unpredictable key.

EFFICIENT QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION SCHEME USING THE BELL STATE MEASUREMENT

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (06) ◽  
pp. 757-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAOYU LI
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Bell State ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bell State Measurement ◽  
Epr Pairs ◽  
State Measurement ◽  
Distribution Scheme ◽  
Einstein Podolsky Rosen ◽  
Epr Pair

In this paper we provide a quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme based on the correlations of Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) pairs. The scheme uses an auxiliary qubit to interact with the EPR pair and does the Bell state measurement to get the key. It is proved to be secure. All EPR pairs are used in distributing the key except some error-checking bits. So it is efficient. On the other hand there are less classical communications needed in the scheme.

QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION BASED ON ENTANGLEMENT SWAPPING BETWEEN TWO BELL STATES

2006 ◽  
Vol 04 (05) ◽  
pp. 769-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
FENZHUO GUO ◽  
TAILIN LIU ◽  
QIAOYAN WEN ◽  
FUCHEN ZHU
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Bell State ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Quadratic Residue ◽  
Entanglement Swapping ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bell States ◽  
Dual Basis ◽  
Classical Communication ◽  
Two Level Systems

Based on entanglement swapping between two Bell states, two novel quantum key distribution protocols are proposed. One is for two-level systems, where there is no need for classical communication before each entanglement swapping. This feature is essential to its practical realization. Furthermore, to establish an arbitrarily long key, the protocol needs only two Bell states. The other is for d-level (d > 2) systems, in which higher security and higher source capacity are achieved. Using the theory of quadratic residue, we prove that in the two-qudit systems, each Bell state is a uniform superposition of all basis states in the dual basis, which is different to the situation in two-qubit systems. This difference means our two-level protocol cannot be generalized to the d-level situation directly. On the other hand, it results in higher security of our d-level protocol and is instructive to design quantum cryptography protocols.

scholarly journals Secure quantum communication with orthogonal states

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (06) ◽  
pp. 1640021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitra Shukla ◽  
Anindita Banerjee ◽  
Anirban Pathak ◽  
R. Srikanth
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Key Agreement ◽  
Quantum Communication ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Unconditional Security ◽  
Mutually Unbiased Bases ◽  
Quantum Key Agreement ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Orthogonal State

In majority of protocols of secure quantum communication (such as, BB84, B92, etc.), the unconditional security of the protocols are obtained by using conjugate coding (two or more mutually unbiased bases (MUBs)). Initially, all the conjugate-coding-based protocols of secure quantum communication were restricted to quantum key distribution (QKD), but later on they were extended to other cryptographic tasks (such as, secure direct quantum communication and quantum key agreement). In contrast to the conjugate-coding-based protocols, a few completely orthogonal-state-based protocols of unconditionally secure QKD (such as, Goldenberg–Vaidman and N09) were also proposed. However, till the recent past, orthogonal-state-based protocols were only a theoretical concept and were limited to QKD. Only recently, orthogonal-state-based protocols of QKD are experimentally realized and extended to cryptographic tasks beyond QKD. This paper aims to briefly review the orthogonal-state-based protocols of secure quantum communication that are recently introduced by our group and other researchers.

scholarly journals Quantum key distribution with correlated sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (37) ◽  
pp. eaaz4487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarida Pereira ◽  
Go Kato ◽  
Akihiro Mizutani ◽  
Marcos Curty ◽  
Kiyoshi Tamaki
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Correlated Sources ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Security Proofs ◽  
Information Theoretic Security ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
New Framework ◽  
General Method

In theory, quantum key distribution (QKD) offers information-theoretic security. In practice, however, it does not due to the discrepancies between the assumptions used in the security proofs and the behavior of the real apparatuses. Recent years have witnessed a tremendous effort to fill the gap, but the treatment of correlations among pulses has remained a major elusive problem. Here, we close this gap by introducing a simple yet general method to prove the security of QKD with arbitrarily long-range pulse correlations. Our method is compatible with those security proofs that accommodate all the other typical device imperfections, thus paving the way toward achieving implementation security in QKD with arbitrary flawed devices. Moreover, we introduce a new framework for security proofs, which we call the reference technique. This framework includes existing security proofs as special cases, and it can be widely applied to a number of QKD protocols.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Several Implementations of B92 Quantum Key Distribution Protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalin Anghel
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Quantum Bit ◽  
Comparison And Analysis ◽  
Quantum Key Distribution Protocol ◽  
B92 Protocol

This paper presents the development, comparison and analysis of several implementations of the B92 Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol. In order to achieve this objective a prototype which consists of traditional (non-quantum) simulators was created, one for B92 protocol, one for B92 protocol with eavesdropper and one for B92 protocol with Quantum Bit Travel Time (QBTT) eavesdropper detection method. The principles of quantum mechanics were studied, as a foundation of quantum cryptography, for the realization of simulation programs that were written in C ++, focusing mainly on the B92 protocol and QBTT eavesdropper detection method. We compared the Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) for implementation of B92 protocol without eavesdropper, B92 protocol with eavesdropper and B92 protocol with QBTT eavesdropper detection method and found that QBTT eavesdropper detection method significantly reduces the QBER from the final key.

scholarly journals Modeling tripartite entanglement in quantum protocols using evolving entangled hypergraphs

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (07) ◽  
pp. 1850055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Anticoli ◽  
Masoud Gharahi Ghahi
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Information ◽  
Data Structures ◽  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Quantum Teleportation ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Tripartite Entanglement ◽  
Quantum Protocols

The notion of entanglement is the most well-known nonclassical correlation in quantum mechanics, and a fundamental resource in quantum information and computation. This correlation, which is displayed by certain classes of quantum states, is of utmost importance when dealing with protocols, such as quantum teleportation, cryptography and quantum key distribution. In this paper, we exploit a classification of tripartite entanglement by introducing the concepts of entangled hypergraph and evolving entangled hypergraph as data structures suitable to model quantum protocols which use entanglement. Finally, we present a few examples to provide applications of this model.

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