scholarly journals Multilingualism in Prizren, Language Use and Language Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Jasmin Jusufi
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
General Public ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Language Legislation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Multilingual Societies

This research focuses on theoretical and practical issues of multilingualism in Prizren, the Republic of Kosovo’s most linguistically diverse city. It examines the city’s linguistic landscape, culture, and values, investigating language use at home, in public, and in institutions. It analyzes language legislation and its often uneven implementation. In the last 20 years the language situation in Prizren has changed dramatically. This research attempts to provide a clear picture of the current language situation of Prizren in the new and independent Republic of Kosovo, and is relevant for the general public, minority communities, government, non government and international organizations. The research was conducted in order to shed more light on the concept of multilingual societies. The central sources for this research are the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo, the policy on language rights and language use in the country, questionnaires, and observation.

scholarly journals Multilingualism and Local Literacy Practices in Ethiopia: Language contact in regulated and unregulated spaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Lanza ◽  
Hirut Woldemariam
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Literacy Practices ◽  
Global South ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Literacy Studies ◽  
Contact Patterns

The study of the linguistic landscape has provided a new dimension to theories andissues related to multilingualism, including language policy. In this growing field ofinquiry, however, not enough attention has been given to the linguistic landscape insites in the Global South. Since one of the aims of literacy studies is to reveal the varietyand social patternings of practices, there is a need to compare linguistic landscape datawith other various textual materials. In this article, we present linguistic landscape datafrom two federal regional capitals in Ethiopia that demonstrate multilingual languageuse. We also compare the linguistic contact patterns with those found in schoolbooksused in the same region. Such a comparison involves language use in unregulatedas well as in regulated spaces (see Sebba 2009). Regional ethnically based languagesare now being used in new arenas, including the linguistic landscape and educationbecause of a new language policy promoting the use and development of regionallanguages. The two regional capitals provide privileged sites for examining theproducts of local literacy practices, involving values, attitudes, ideologies, and socialrelationships. We discuss the results in light of various ideologies and argue for thespeaker-writer’s active mobilisation of multilingual resources in new language arenas.

English-dominated Chinatown

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 273-289
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Ruanni Tupas ◽  
Aman Norhaida
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Quantitative Investigation ◽  
Dominant Language ◽  
Multilingual Societies ◽  
English Dominant

Abstract The current study reports a quantitative investigation of the linguistic landscape (LL) in Singapore’s Chinatown. The database of the study comprises a total of 831 instances of signs in the form of photographs that were collected in Chinatown. The study finds that English dominates the LL while Mandarin Chinese is ranked as the second frequently used language. The study also identifies significant differences in LL features between top-down and bottom-up signs. Specifically, these differences include what languages are used; monolingual, bilingual and multilingual compositions; code preference; and forms of Chinese scripts. The present study suggests that English now dominates the linguistic landscape of Chinatown. Even though many scholars have described the sociolinguistic situation in Singapore as being ‘English-knowing’, the data shows a shift towards being ‘English-dominant’, suggesting a gradual but sustained dilution of its multilingual ethos. The study also complicates our understanding of the dominance of English in multilingual societies such as Singapore, where a competing dominant language (Mandarin Chinese) may be seen to continue to exert considerable influence on the dynamics of English-dominant language use but, at the same time, whose main function is shifting towards the symbolic rather than communicative.

Opvattingen Over Nederlands En Andere Talen Als Instructietaal Op Aruba En In Suriname

2009 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
Sjaak Kroon ◽  
Jeanne Kurvers
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
Clear Preference ◽  
Lay People ◽  
Educational Professionals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Multilingual Societies

The Republic of Suriname in South America and the Carribean island of Aruba are both former Dutch colonies. After its independence in 1975 Suriname opted for maintaining Dutch as an official language and a language of education and also in Aruba, which is nowadays an autonomous part of the Kingdom of The Netherlands, Dutch remained the official language and the language of instruction in education. The fact that Suriname and Aruba are both multilingual societies - Suriname has some twenty different languages and in Aruba, apart from Dutch, Papiamento is the main language - over the years gave rise to heated debates about what language or languages should best serve as a medium of instruction in schools. This question was investigated by means of a survey that was administered with 200 respondents in the case of Aruba (educational professionals and lay people living in Aruba) and 315 in the case of Suriname (partly living in Suriname and partly in The Netherlands). The investigation showed that on Aruba lay people, among which parents of school going children, are the main advocates of Dutch as language of instruction in schools whereas educational professionals show a clear preference for including Papiamento as a language of instruction. In Suriname on the other hand, both groups of respondents showed a clear preference for using Dutch as a language of instruction. These outcomes seem to be related to differences in the linguistic landscape in Suriname and Aruba and to the different colonial history of the two countries.

Examining language policy and practices on the ground: German and French in the public space of two Walloon municipalities with language facilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-102
Author(s):  
Raúl Sánchez Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Language Legislation ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Building on previous research on the new subfield of Linguistic Landscape (LL), this article adopts a comparative approach to study language policy practices that take place on the ground in East Belgium, a language contact area which is not usually considered conflictive. The research design is both qualitative and quantitative and aimed at overcoming some critical methodological issues. The taxonomy, which distinguishes different types of items in the LL of two municipalities with language facilities, Kelmis and Waimes, has led to a detailed qualitative analysis of the application of the current language legislation.

Language policy and post-Soviet identities in Tatarstan

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Wigglesworth-Baker
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Asian Ethnicity ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Language And Education ◽  
Soviet Russia

This paper examines language policy and language use as identity technologies in the Republic of Tatarstan approximately 23 years after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Although Tatarstan is an autonomous republic politically situated within the Russian Federation, it has its own language policy which was implemented in 1992 and which declares Russian and Tatar as the official state languages having equal status in all spheres of language use. Additionally, as a result of an education policy implemented in 1997, Tatar language learning was made a compulsory subject in schools for all nationalities. This research examines how these policies have legitimized the Tatar identity alongside Russian from the top-down perspective, but how these legitimacies are not reflected from the bottom-up perspective [Graney 1999. “Education Reform in Tatarstan and Bashkortostan: Sovereignty Projects in Post-Soviet Russia.”Europe-Asia Studies51 (4): 611-632; Yemelianova 2000. “Shaimiev's ‘Khanate’ on the Volga and its Russian Subjects.”Asian Ethnicity1 (1)]. The focus of this research was to find out how effective these language and education policies as top-down identity technologies have been in post-Soviet Tatar society. An empirical research was carried out in Kazan in 2013 and revealed that asymmetrical bilingualism still prevails in contemporary Tatar society: Russian is used for everyday purposes by all nationalities, whereas Tatar is used as an in-group marker among Tatars within informal settings.

scholarly journals Ethnolinguistic Situation and Language Policy in Haiti

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-151
Author(s):  
V.A. Kozhemyakina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Haitian Creole ◽  
Language Legislation ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Republic

The article presents the dynamics of the language situation in the Republic of Haiti and its characteristics at the present stage, as well as an analysis of the language policy and language legislation in the country. The paper also analyses the functioning of languages in the spheres of communication regulated by the state and in interpersonal communication such as in the family, at home, etc., is also analysed. The main attention is paid to the use of languages in the educational system, which is one of the most important spheres of commu-nication both for the transfer of knowledge and culture from generation to generation and for the formation of the language competence of the younger generation of the country. The Republic of Haiti is an example of a language situation in a former colony, where after two hundred years of independence French, the language of the colonizers, still domi-nates in the educational system at the expense of Haitian Creole, which is spoken by 90% of the population.

scholarly journals Multilingualism in Kosovo and Switzerland; a Comparable Viewpoint of Language Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Bardha Gashi
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Use ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Documents ◽  
The Republic

The main aim of the paper is to show the differences and similarities of the language use and language policy in The Republic of Kosovo and The Federation of Switzerland. It has a look in to the core documents of language including the constitution of both countries.

Language Policy and Planning and Linguistic Landscapes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis M. Hult
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Landscape Analysis ◽  
Discursive Construction ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Distinct Sense ◽  
Policy And Planning

Linguistic landscape analysis is the study of visual language use in public space. Its fundamental premise is that the ways in which languages are visually used (or not used) contribute to the discursive construction of a distinct sense of place. Linguistic landscape analysis is related to language policy in two key ways, one indirect and one direct. Indirectly, all language policies entextualize language ideologies; analyzing the visual representation of the linguistic order in the public space of a community provides insight into how values present in policies may or may not be iterated in everyday experiences. Directly, some polities regulate what languages may be used in public spaces, as well as how they may be used. Language policy researchers investigate such regulations and how they may or may not relate to the actual practice of language use on signs in specific communities. This chapter reviews work that has taken indirect and direct orientations to studying language policy and linguistic landscapes. Suggestions for future directions for both are provided.

scholarly journals Keelekasutuse aluspõhimõtted Eesti Vabariigi põhiseaduses ja nende rakendamine

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-321
Author(s):  
Ilmar Tomusk
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Government Education ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Estonian Language ◽  
State Language

Artiklis vaadeldakse keelekasutust sätestavaid norme Eesti Vabariigi põhiseaduses, et välja selgitada, mil määral tagavad need eesti keele kasutamise kõigis olulisemates eluvaldkondades; kas need on piisavad eesti keele arendamiseks ja kaitsmiseks ning isikute keeleõiguste tagamiseks.Põhiseaduse keelesätete analüüs näitab, et keelekasutuse põhimõtted on põhiseaduses kirjas piisava selguse ning üksikasjalikkusega, võimaldades täita põhiseaduse preambulis seatud eesmärki tagada eesti rahvuse, keele ja kultuuri säilimine läbi aegade. Eesti keele kasutamine on tagatud põhiseaduslike institutsioonide tegevuses ning enamikus eluvaldkondades. Mõnes valdkonnas (kohalike omavalitsuste asjaajamine, haridus, meditsiin) jätab aga põhiseadusega antud eesti keele kasutamise võimaluste rakendamine soovida.Neid puudujääke on üritatud korvata riikliku keelejärelevalvega, kuid keelepoliitika heitlikkust, õigusaktides esinevaid puudujääke ja keeleoskuse probleemidest möödavaatamist ei ole võimalik järelevalvemeetmetega parandada. Põhiseadust aluseks võttes tuleks parandada seadusi ja rakendusakte.Abstract. Ilmar Tomusk: The constitution of the Republic of Estonia on the basic principles of language use, and their application. The article examines the rules of language use provided by the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia. The aim of the article is to find out to what extent the rules of language use ensure the use of the Estonian language in all key areas of life, whether they are sufficient for the development and protection of the Estonian language, and whether they guarantee the linguistic rights of individuals.The analysis of the language provisions of the Constitution shows that the key principles of language use are worded with sufficient clarity that they meet the objective set in the preamble of the Constitution to guarantee the preservation of the Estonian people, the Estonian language and the Estonian culture through the ages. The use of the Estonian language is guaranteed in constitutional institutions and also in most areas of life.In some areas (e.g. the administration of local governments, education and health care), however, the implementation of the main constitutional principles of language use on the legislative level is insufficient.Deficiencies in legislation have been compensated for by state language supervision. But the volatility of language policy, deficiencies in language policy planning and the ignoring of language proficiency problems cannot be compensated for by state language supervision. Language legislation should be aligned with the main constitutional principles of language use.Keywords: Constitution; official language; language of public administration; local government; education; health care; state language supervision

ASPECTS AND POSSIBILITIES OF USING THE CLUSTER APPROACH IN DEVELOPING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ZIYARAH TOURISM

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Anvar Khudoyarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Cluster Approach ◽  
Cluster Management ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Management Method ◽  
The Republic

This article describes how the Republic of Uzbekistan establishes and develops relations with international organizations and foreign countries in the field of tourism, increases the flow of tourists to our country, creates all conditions for tourists, improves the quality and culture of services, and also provides the tourism industry. The organizational and economic aspects of tourism regulation by the cluster management method are considered

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