scholarly journals Epidemics in Modern and Contemporary Age in a Backward Area of Europe: The Role of Institutions and Socio-Economic Effects in Southern Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Vittoria Ferrandino ◽  
Marilena Iacobaccio ◽  
Valentina Sgro
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Individual Interest ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
Post War

Ethics as a cure for anxiety, or rather for anxieties, a distinctive feature of contemporary western man, neurotic and afraid. Man cannot be only that aggregate of primitive instincts driven by selfishness and individual interest that utilitarianism has credited and neoliberalism has emphasized. It seems obvious that the Covid-19 effect amplifies these paradoxes and anxieties. Epidemics are certainly not new in the historical-social context. The purpose of this study will be to analyze some of the numerous epidemics that have occurred in history and their impact on the economy. The corrections can only come from a re-evaluation of the ethical state, the ethical family and a new ethical world: attention to migratory phenomena through the principle of the obligation to rescue the least of the earth; relaunch of the international organizations with which the world, in the happy post-war season, had intended to give an order that guaranteed peace and balance, but which has gradually been forgotten; reduction of wage differences; taxation of capital and presence of the public interest in the company's governing bodies. Through the analysis of original sources, such as the historical archive of Pio Monte della Misericordia and Banco di Napoli, the study will compare the plague of 1656, and the effects of the intervention of charities in support of the population with the socio-economic impact of the Spanish influence in the first decades of the twentieth century, up to the current pandemic, with particular attention to the consequences on the production capacity of goods and services in a backward area of Europe, such as Southern Italy. *

scholarly journals Expert Information as an Evidence of Criminal Act of Corruption in Goods and Services Procurement

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ayu Stefani Ratna Maharani
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
The Public ◽  
Limited Knowledge ◽  
Expert Information ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

This research is focused to identify and analyze the role of the expert information as evidence in the case of corruption. One of the criminal acts of corruption that often occurs in the government is the criminal act of corruption in goods and services procurement, in which the perpetrators have abused the social aid fund from the government. There was the case of criminal act of corruption in goods and services procurement for social aid fund that occurred in Tabanan -Bali, which committed by I Wayan Sukaja, who had corrupted the State’s financial or social aid fund. Within the process of verification in the trial, the public prosecutors submit 2 (two) experts who provided information to assist in terms of verification. This study uses normative research methods. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of expert information as evidence in criminal act of corruption. The role of an expert cannot be ignored because it will help the judges, prosecutors and lawyers who have limited knowledge. If the expert’s information is contrary, it could be ruled out by the judges but the expert’s information that excluded must be based on clear reason, and the judges must have strong base in assess the role of the expert’s information.

scholarly journals Economic Effects of Using Nepotism and Cronyism in the Employment Process in the Public Sector Institutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taha Barakat AL-shawawreh
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
Service Lead

<p>This study aims to discern the role of nepotism and cronyism in the weakening of economic<br />performance of the government institutions through exposure to this practice in the three<br />Arab Countries; Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan, The study relied on the analysis of what was<br />stated in the related literature which illustrate the effect of using nepotism and Cronyism in<br />the employment process in a governmental position, to result in a slowdown and stumbled in<br />the delivery of government services to citizens. After analyzing how the practice of nepotism<br />and cronyism in the three countries, the study found the following results:<br /> Nepotism and cronyism are practiced not only in developing countries, but also in<br />advanced countries.<br /> Using nepotism and cronyism in employment process is unethical behavior.<br /> The use of nepotism and cronyism in the public sector is much more than private sector.<br /> Nepotism and cronyism can be considered as a part of the national culture in Arab<br />countries.<br /> Nepotism and cronyism have negative economic repercussions, both at the level of the<br />national economy, or the per capita income level. Because the salaries paid to staff<br />recruited through them considered as a burden on the state treasury. Also, the large<br />number of times to visit the citizen government department, to get the same service, lead<br />to the loss of his income as a transition expenses.<br /> Nepotism and cronyism are from reasons of administrative corruption in the studied<br />countries.</p>

scholarly journals POPULAR HISTORY, POST-WAR LIBERALISM, AND THE ROLE OF THE PUBLIC INTELLECTUAL IN RICHARD HOFSTADTER'S THE AMERICAN POLITICAL TRADITION (1948)

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1133-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICK WITHAM
Keyword(s):  
Public Intellectual ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Public Intellectuals ◽  
Liberal Politics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Tradition ◽  
Middlebrow Literature ◽  
The Status ◽  
Post War

ABSTRACTThis article examines the status of Richard Hofstadter's classic work The American political tradition (1948) as a ‘popular history’. It uses documents drawn from Hofstadter's personal papers, those of his publisher Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., as well as several of his contemporaries, to pursue a detailed reconstruction of the manner in which the book was written, edited, and reviewed, and to demonstrate how it circulated within, and was defined by, the literary culture of the 1940s and 1950s. The article explores Hofstadter's early career conception of himself as a scholar writing for audiences outside of the academy, reframes the significance of so-called ‘middlebrow’ literature, and, in doing so, offers a fresh appraisal of the links between popular historical writing, liberal politics, and the role of public intellectuals in the post-war United States.

scholarly journals NATIONALIZATION OF BANKS AND INDUSTRY IN AUSTRIA IN 1945–1946

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
Nataliya S. Kozyakova
Keyword(s):  
National Income ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
Labor Legislation ◽  
Eastern Austria ◽  
Full Power ◽  
Post War

The article gives the analysis of post-war nationalization in Austria. Nationalization was carried out in the interests of the big capital. This was applied both to the methods and forms of economic management in the nationalized sector, and to the methods and forms of management that were directly carried out by large monopolists and their protégés. Austria’s monopolies exercised full power in the country and used the public sector to the maximum extent possible to strengthen their financial, political and economic dominance, to increase their own profits by redistributing the national income and violating the labor legislation. The experience of the nationalization in Austria, although it is a small country, has made it possible to draw some conclusions about the significance and the role of nationalization in the workers’ struggle to build a socially just state. In Austria, nationalization was caused by the special historical conditions that developed in the country after the defeat of the fascist Germany. The Austrian oligarchy, which was a Germany’s ally, had no direct way to get the industry located in Austria, which belonged to German monopolies. In this period Austrian financial experts considered nationalization as a lesser evil. It was advantageous for the Austrian oligarchy to shuffle off the burden of the entire financial and economic burden on to the state, i.e., ultimately, to the taxpayers. With the help of nationalization, it hoped to prevent the transfer of enterprises located in Eastern Austria and owned by Germany, as reparations, under the ownership of the USSR. The author comes to the conclusion that the economic basis of Austrian neutrality was nationalization, which was also a powerful weapon of the workers in the conditions of a radical change in the balance of power in the country.

Guaranteeing the Programming Mandate of Public Broadcasters and Restraints on Private Broadcasters’ Programmes in Multimedia Conditions

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 907-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Heinz Ladeur
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Service Networks ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Service Broadcasting ◽  
Regulatory Strategy ◽  
Post War ◽  
Societal Dynamics

The present German media structures are subject to a fundamental process of self-transformation due to technological as well as societal dynamics. This is especially the case for public service broadcasting. In the post-war era, the public service networks were one of the central intermediary institutions of organized pluralism, serving both the state and society at large. It is not only the growing competition between public and private broadcasters that has led to dramatic changes to the role of public sector broadcasters. The public sector is also being challenged by the rise of the entertainment economy and a shift in focus from public to private affairs. This paper describes the hitherto established role of public service broadcasting and its present crisis. The paper then proposes a proactive legal and political regulatory strategy, which might help find a new role for public broadcasters in a much more fragmented society. The proposed strategy follows the paradigm of proceduralization, which is also prevailing in many other parts of the institutional structures of postmodern society.

scholarly journals Žena u borbi / Žena u modi: Odjevne prakse u poslijeratnom periodu socijalističke Jugoslavije na primjeru časopisa "Žena u borbi" i "Naša Moda"

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Ivana Čuljak ◽  
Lea Vene
Keyword(s):  
New Woman ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media Construction ◽  
Popular Magazine ◽  
The New Woman ◽  
Women's Emancipation ◽  
Post War ◽  
Opposite Tendency ◽  
Ideological Construction

The research is based on the reviewing the ideological construction of the concept of saving up in the context of the struggle for women’s emancipation in early socialism of the post-war period. AFŽ (Antifašistička fronta žena – women’s antifascist front) as the main platform of women’s emancipation, promoted the New woman (emancipated, a political and socially aware worker) through direct propaganda in the magazine Žena u borbi (Woman in battle). At the same time, the AFŽ published a very popular magazine called Naša moda (Our fashion). It was a magazine which constructed a completely different media model of women whose interests are tied to fashion and family, emphasizing the role of the woman as housewife, mother and frivolous consumer. This dichotomy is important for the further reading of the public and media construction of modest/economic dressing which was seemingly embodied by the new woman, seeing as there as a simultaneous emergence of an opposite tendency and an alternative everyday practice. Faced with the ideological construction of emancipation, women continue performing the role of housewife who is now forced to rationalize her dressing practices and adapt to new political and economic conditions.

THE LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE OF PRINT ADVERTISEMENTS IN DAUGAVPILS: 1920–1930

Via Latgalica ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Solvita Pošeiko
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Print Advertisements ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Consumer Services ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
The City

<p><em>The theme described in the title is connected with public advertising texts from two informational sources: newspapers printed in Daugavpils („Daugavas Vēstnesis” ‘The Daugava Herald’, „Daugavas Vārds” ‘The Daugava’s Word’, „Latgales Ziņas” ‘Latgalian News’ and „</em><em>Latgales Vēstnesis”</em><em> ‘The Latgale Herald”) and the linguistic landscape of the city, which characterizes the public information space. Commercial discourse is essential to this space, as a large part of public texts have the representation and promotion of establishments, companies and societies as a primary goal, in addition to the exhibition of offered goods and services.</em></p><p><em>The aim of the article is to define and characterize from the perspective of linguistic landscape the tools and techniques used to represent businesses and establishments in Latvian print advertisements in the 1920s and 30s. In fulfillment of this goal, content analysis and the diachronic linguistic landscape approach has been used for data analysis and interpretation (Backhaus 2005, Pavlenko 2010, Pavlenko, Mullen 2015, Pošeiko 2015). For summarization of obtained results, the descriptive method has been used.</em></p><p><em>Latvia is characterized in the interwar period by a unified language policy – including policies with mechanisms for the management of specific languages – highlighting the role of the Latvian language as the state language in the organization of public life and in nationalist ideology, and facilitating its use in all sociolinguistic functions. However, the interwar period in Latvia also marks the beginning of a period of Westernization – especially in the economic and cultural spheres – detectible in cinema, theater and concert posters; print advertisements for shops and consumer services, and business names in the urban environment.</em></p><em>During this period newspapers were printed in Latvian, but some papers, calendars and journals were printed in Latgalian, Russian and Polish. Company names, advertisements and partially-legible posters are visible in period photographs of the linguistic landscape. Advertising information at the beginning of the 1920s is only to be found in Russian, or with bilingual Russian-Latvian texts. Monolingual language signs in Latvian – noticeably missing diacritic marks and appropriate word endings – only begin to be seen from the 1930s.</em>

‘Action Not Words’: The Conservative Party, Public Opinion and ‘Scientific’ Politics, c.1945–70

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
Post War ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research And Policy

Abstract From the late 1950s, Conservative research and policy thinkers underwent a conscious intellectual adjustment, which had profound implications for how the party conceived the relationship between politicians and the public during Edward Heath’s period as Conservative leader after 1965. In response to contemporaneous debates regarding ‘modernization’, and as a result of their engagement with the emergent social sciences, a new generation of Conservatives tended to repudiate the party’s traditional preference for idealist and organicist philosophical assumptions in favour of a rationalistic approach to political administration. Their preoccupation with economic management was concomitant of their loss of faith in the formative role of rhetorical and moral appeals in shaping public opinion. This article, by focusing on debates within the party’s research and political apparatus—the Conservative Research Department, the Conservative Political Centre and Swinton College—will contend that, far from being the last gasp of a post-war consensual Conservatism, Heath’s period as leader marked a relatively unique period in the party’s history, in which the conception of the nature of political leadership held by those at the top of the party differed from the conception held by both their predecessors and successors.

scholarly journals Uniwersytet socjalistyczny i jego współczesne neoliberalne analogie

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-287
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Dziedziczak-Foltyn
Keyword(s):  
Career Paths ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Class Origin ◽  
Post War ◽  
The University ◽  
Economic Modernization

While referring to Agata Zysiak’s book Punkty za pochodzenie. Powojenna modernizacja i uniwersytet w robotniczym mieście [Points for Class Origin: Post-War Modernization and the University in a Working-Class City] (2016) the author’s intention is to provide an independent voice in the debate on plans to modernize the institution of the university, both in PPR times and at present. She describes the role of the university in Poland’s ideologically created socio-economic modernization. Both the communist and post-transformation reforms of the social system can be treated as being defined by the modernization imperative and a similarly legitimated attempt to overcome backwardness. The following points are raised: (1) the significance of the institution of higher learning in the modernization of the country; (2) the vision of a higher-learning institution guiding two outstanding academics of those times; (3) the university in the public discourse of the communist era; (4) the career paths of the recipients of university educations, that is, the students and graduates of the socialist university; (5) and the career paths of academics in the Polish People’s Republic. Consideration of these questions through the communist and capitalist prisms of modernization changes in Poland makes it possible to advance theses about the function of a higher-learning institution, regardless of the dominant political system.

scholarly journals PROBLEMATIKA IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN DAERAH KABUPATEN KARO NOMOR 3 TAHUN 2012 TENTANG PAJAK DAERAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 95-111
Author(s):  
Michail Wiliem's Siberonta ◽  
Manoras Taraja
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
State Sector ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Local Revenue ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tax Payers

Tax area is one of the important sources of local revenue to finance the development of a lauarge, real and responsible of aoutonoumos area, The role of the constructor visible in every project that undertaken by the government ic alwaayson the buzz of the project being build finance from the funds that have been mede lip of the society. Tax economic perspective as a mive from the private sector to the public sector. This understanding iustrates the exsistence of two situation being changed, first the ddiminished a bilitiy of individuals in control this understanding iustrates the sexsistence of two situation being changed. First the diminished abiling of individuals in control of resources for the importance of control goods and services. Increased local financial capasitiy in the provision of public goods and serulces the necessities of people’s live white the development from a legal perspektife is a bond that arises because of the regulations to the emergence of the comonity to defate certain income to the emergence of the comunitiy to defecate certain income to the region. The area that have the advantage to assert the impose and money of the area must be used to implement of the area, ftom this legal appreaceh to consider the law must be based on a regulation that ensures a legal. Certainty, both, both taxis as tax convectors and tax payers as payers tax payable. From various definitions give to the tax elther divectly or juridi cally drawn conclusion about the characteristics the exsistence of tunds transfer (resources) of the private sector (tax payers paying taxes) to the regional/state sector (tax administratios).

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