scholarly journals Social Downgrading on Consumer Values and Practices: A Transgenerational Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Mercanti-Guérin Maria
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Intergenerational Mobility ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Consumer Resistance ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Consumer Values

The aim of this research is to measure the influence of social downgrading on consumer values and practices. Intergenerational mobility is defined as a process leading to a change in social status from parents to children. The first part of this paper presents social mobility and emphasises its multi-dimensional character. In particular, we detail the different types of objective and subjective mobility. In the second part, we analyse the symbolic and psychological aspects of the acceptance or rejection of social downgrading. We present the results of an exploratory study based on the life stories of a dozen families. It appears that some downgraded individuals do not accept to give up the lifestyle inherited from their childhood and perceive it as an intimate part of their identity. Others, on the contrary, rebuild new identities and modes of consumption based on a "reappropriation of their declassification". This study provides a better understanding of social downgrading by presenting it as a complex process combining the incorporation of a new social status, transgenerational capital and new forms of consumer resistance.

scholarly journals Measuring Social Mobility in Historic and Less Developed Societies

2021 ◽  
pp. 271-298
Author(s):  
Gregory Clark
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Intergenerational Mobility ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
The One ◽  
Status Data ◽  
Average Status ◽  
Parent Child

In societies where surnames are inherited from parents, we can use these names to estimate rates of intergenerational mobility. This chapter explains how to make such estimates, and illustrates their use in pre-industrial England and modern Chile and India. These surname estimates have the advantage that they require much less data than traditional parent–child estimates. They are also more robust to errors in status data. Thus, they can be used to estimate social mobility rates in early societies such as England 1300–1800, or in less developed societies now. Surnames measure a different aspect of social mobility than conventional measures, but this surname measure is the one that matters when we consider group-level convergence of social status, or the time needed for any disadvantaged groups to attain at least average status measured in generations. Surnames thus allow us to measure a key element in the multigenerational mobility process.

scholarly journals The Structural Dilemma of Citizen Participation: The Interactive Influence of Social Status and Subjective Social Mobility

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 183449092110031
Author(s):  
Xuyun Tan ◽  
Xuejiao Dou ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Cai Xing ◽  
Baoyu Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Stratification Structure ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
High Social Status

In the context of rapid social change, the perception of social stratification has far-reaching and complex influences on human psychology and behavior, including citizen participation. The current research explored the interactive influence of social status and subjective social mobility on citizen participation. Two studies used experimental methods to manipulate subjective social mobility and social status, respectively, to examine the interactive effect. Taken together, the results of both studies revealed that the interaction between social status and subjective social mobility had a significant influence on citizen participation: whereas citizen participation with high social status was not affected by subjective social mobility, citizen participation with low social status decreased with increases in subjective social mobility. This research established a combined dynamic and static analysis framework of social stratification structure, elucidating the current status of citizen participation under the influence of the interaction between social status and subjective social mobility, and providing a countermeasure reference for effectively promoting citizen participation.

scholarly journals Lysyl Oxidase Mechanisms to Mediate Gastrointestinal Cancer Progression

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ahmadshah Farhat ◽  
Gordon A. Ferns ◽  
Korosh Ashrafi ◽  
Mohammad-Hassan Arjmand
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Lysyl Oxidase ◽  
Ecm Remodeling ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fibrotic Diseases ◽  
Gi Cancers ◽  
Improvement In Survival

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Malignancy is a complex process resulting from different changes such as extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and stiffness. One of the important enzymes that contribute to ECM remodeling is lysyl oxidase (Lox) that is overexpressed in different types of human cancers. Because of the high prevalence and poor survival of gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies in this review, we discuss the association between Lox activity and the progression of GI cancers. Lox proteins are a group of extracellular enzymes that catalyzed the cross-linking of collagen and elastin, so they have important roles in the control of structure and homeostasis of ECM. Abnormal activation and expression of the Lox family of proteins lead to changes in the ECM toward increased rigidity and fibrosis. Stiffness of ECM can contribute to the pathogenesis of cancers. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Dysregulation of Lox expression is a factor in both fibrotic diseases and cancer. ECM stiffness by Lox overactivity creates a physical barrier against intratumoral concentration of chemotherapeutic drugs and facilitates cancer inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. <b><i>Key Message:</i></b> Because of the roles of Lox in GI cancers, development targeting Lox protein isotypes may be an appropriate strategy for treatment of GI cancers and improvement in survival of patients.

scholarly journals Subjective social mobility, quality of life and mental health of asylum seekers/refugees in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Costa ◽  
L Biddle ◽  
C Mühling ◽  
K Bozorgmehr
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Subjective Social Status ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Asylum Seekers And Refugees

Abstract Background Changes in the subjective social status (SSS) of migrants, specifically between the pre- and post-migratory movement, can be a relevant determinant of their mental health condition. This study analyzed the effect of downward subjective social mobility to the mental health of asylum seekers and refugees (ASR) in Germany. Methods Through a random sampling procedure, 560 adult ASR (18+ years) were recruited across 58 collective accommodation centers in Germanys' 3rd largest state (2018). SSS was assessed with the MacArthur social ladder (10-rungs), in reference to the participants' position in the country of origin and in Germany. Quality of Life (QoL, measured with EUROHIS-QOL), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-2) and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-2), were considered as mental health outcomes. Generalized linear regression models were fitted to measure associations between changes in SSS and each outcome. Results A loss of 3 or more steps in SSS from origin to Germany (compared to no-change) was significantly associated with poorer scores in QoL (B, standardized coefficient= -2.679, standard error, se = 1.351, p = 0.047), with more symptoms of depression (B = 1.156, se = 0.389, p = 0.003) and anxiety (B = 0.971, se = 0.432, p = 0.025), in models adjusted for SSS in the country of origin. The strength and direction of associations was unaltered after further adjusting for sex, age, educational level and time since arrival, although the coefficient for QoL was non-significant for those declaring a 3-step downward mobility (B= -2.494, se = 1.351, p = 0.066 for QoL; B = 1.048, se = 0.393, p = 0.008 for depression; and B = 1.006, se = 0.438, p = 0.022 for anxiety). Discussion The results suggest that interventions should focus on those experiencing social downward mobility and not only prioritize individuals with low social status. Early integration efforts and intersectoral measures to counter social downward mobility could prevent poor mental health among ASR. Key messages We analysed the impact to the quality of life and mental health of asylum seekers and refugees, of a change in subjective social status from country of origin to Germany. Asylum seekers and refugees residing in Germany, who perceived a downward social status mobility following their migration process, are at risk for poorer mental health.

Approaches To The Concept Of Social Mobility

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Isakov S.D. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Social Role ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sociological Interpretation

The article discusses the sociological interpretation of the concept of social mobility, its generality with the concept of stratification and features of individuality. The emergence of social mobility with the change of social status and social role of the individual is also emphasized. The article also briefly discusses the classification of social mobility.

Social Mobility in the Later Roman Empire: The evidence of Ausonius

1961 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Excellent Opportunity

The description Ausonius has given us of his family and of the teachers and professors of Bordeaux in the mid-fourth century is exceptional among our sources because of its detail and completeness. There is no reason to suppose that the picture he gives is untypical of life in the provinces and it makes a welcome change from the histories of aristocratic politics at Rome or Constantinople. It provides an excellent opportunity for a pilot study in which we may see how the conflicting elements of social status were in practice reconciled and applied. In the traditional, and still prevalent view, the society of the Later Roman Empire was ‘crushed … in the iron clamp of castes separated from one another by barriers which could not be passed’. The evidence of Ausonius suggests that this judgement should be qualified. The society of the fourth century may have been stable. It was not static.

scholarly journals The genetics of amelogenesis imperfecta: a review of the literature

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Leme Godoy dos Santos ◽  
Sergio Roberto Peres Line
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Enamel Formation ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Kallikrein 4

A melogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a group of inherited defects of dental enamel formation that show both clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Enamel findings in AI are highly variable, ranging from deficient enamel formation to defects in the mineral and protein content. Enamel formation requires the expression of multiple genes that transcribes matrix proteins and proteinases needed to control the complex process of crystal growth and mineralization. The AI phenotypes depend on the specific gene involved, the location and type of mutation, and the corresponding putative change at the protein level. Different inheritance patterns such as X-linked, autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive types have been reported. Mutations in the amelogenin, enamelin, and kallikrein-4 genes have been demonstrated to result in different types of AI and a number of other genes critical to enamel formation have been identified and proposed as candidates for AI. The aim of this article was to present an evaluation of the literature regarding role of proteins and proteinases important to enamel formation and mutation associated with AI.

Commentary on Morgan-Miller's “An Exploratory Study of Different Types of Violence Presented in Early Christian and Islamic Historical Documents”

2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter R. Schumm
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Moral Transformation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The New Testament

Oversights are observed in Morgan-Miller's previous 2002 report on themes of violence in the New Testament and the Qur'an. While both the New Testament and the Qur'an seem to suggest some type of moral transformation in the life of Jesus, it is not clear to what extent such a transformation remains normative in the lives of ordinary believers or even continues to be expected. However, Jesus seemed to expect that his followers would forsake violence against their enemies, a lesson that seems in short supply throughout the contemporary world.

scholarly journals Enhancement and assessment of students’ systems thinking skills by application of systemic synthesis questions in the organic chemistry course

2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 1455-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Hrin ◽  
Dusica Milenkovic ◽  
Mirjana Segedinac ◽  
Sasa Horvat
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Systems Thinking ◽  
Higher Order Thinking ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
School Students ◽  
Complex Dimension ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Teaching Learning

Many studies in the field of science education have emphasized the fact that systems thinking is a very important higher-order thinking skill which should be fostered during classes. However, more attention has been dedicated to the different ways of systems thinking skills assessment, and less to their enhancement. Taking this into consideration, the goal of our study was not only to validate secondary school students? systems thinking skills, but also to help students in the complex process of their development. With this goal, new instructional and assessment tools - systemic synthesis questions [SSynQs], were constructed, and an experiment with one experimental (E) and one control (C) group was conducted during organic chemistry classes. Namely, the instructional teaching/learning method for both E and C groups was the same in processing the new contents, but different on classes for the revision of the selected organic chemistry contents. The results showed that students exposed to the new instructional method (E group) achieved higher performance scores on three different types of systems thinking than students from the C group, who were taught by the traditional method. The greatest difference between the groups was found in the most complex dimension of systems thinking construct - in the II level of procedural systems thinking. Along with this dimension, structural systems thinking and I level of procedural systems thinking were also observed.

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