scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Studies of Indolic Compounds from Vinca Minor L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria Dumitrescu(Neculai) ◽  
Gabriela STANCIU ◽  
Rodica SIRBU
Keyword(s):  
Total Content ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Perennial Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Indole Compounds ◽  
Indolic Compounds ◽  
Vinca Minor ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Double Beam ◽  
Chemical Studies

The most medically representative plant in the Apocynaceae family is Vinca minor. Vinca minor is a perennial, herbaceous plant, commonly known as Saschiu. In the present research we aimed to isolate the indole compounds from Vinca minor L. and to carry out some physico-chemical studies on these compounds: UV-VIS spectroscopy and the determination of the polyphenols content using Folin-Ciocâlteu method. The spectrophotometric study of the alcoholic plant extracts obtained from the leaf and stem of Vinca minor was performed using the UV-VIS spectrophotometric method and a VWR UV-630PC double beam spectrophotometer. Both samples of plant alcoholic extracts obtained from the leaf and from the stem of Vinca minor L. had the specific absorption maxima detected in the range 225-350 nm and the absorbance maximum in both cases was 3.5 (u.a- absorbency units). The total content of polyphenols was determined by the Folin-Ciocâlteu method from alcoholic extracts of different concentrations: 40 percent, 70 percent, 96 percent (T40, T70, T96, F40, F70, F96) obtained from the leaf and stem of Vinca minor plant using the spectrophotometer model JASCO- 550 UV VIS. Regarding the alcoholic extracts obtained from the leaf of Vinca minor L., the concentrations of polyphenols were between 812.50 mg / 100g pv and 1737.50 mg / 100g pv and and in the case of alcoholic extracts obtained from the strain, the results were between 1525.00-3962.50 mg GAE / 100 g pv, results that were in accordance with the literature.

scholarly journals Selection and validation of appropriate reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis of flowering stages and different genotypes of Iris germanica L

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinjie Wang ◽  
Yongxia Zhang ◽  
Qingquan Liu ◽  
Haiying Tong ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Gene Selection ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Perennial Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Iris Germanica ◽  
Accurate Normalization ◽  
Suitable Reference

AbstractIris germanica L. is a perennial herbaceous plant that has been widely cultivated worldwide and is popular for its elegant and vibrantly colorful flowers. Selection of appropriate reference genes is the prerequisite for accurate normalization of target gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR. However, to date, the most suitable reference genes for flowering stages have not been elucidated in I. germanica. In this study, eight candidate reference genes were examined for the normalization of RT-qPCR in three I. germanica cultivars, and their stability were evaluated by four different algorithms (GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and Ref-finder). The results revealed that IgUBC and IgGAPDH were the most stable reference genes in ‘00246’ and ‘Elizabeth’, and IgTUB and IgUBC showed stable expression in ‘2010200’. IgUBC and IgGAPDH were the most stable in all samples, while IgUBQ showed the least stability. Finally, to validate the reliability of the selected reference genes, the expression patterns of IgFT (Flowering Locus T gene) was analyzed and emphasized the importance of appropriate reference gene selection. This work presented the first systematic study of reference genes selection during flower bud development and provided guidance to research of the molecular mechanisms of flowering stages in I. germanica.

scholarly journals Physiologically Active Compounds in Four Species of Phellinus

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja ◽  
Anna Maślanka ◽  
Agnieszka Szewczyk ◽  
Bożena Muszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Indole Compounds ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Free Phenolic Acids ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Physiologically Active Compounds

The content of two groups of compounds with biological activity (non-hallucinogenic indole compounds and free phenolic acids) were analyzed in extracts of fruiting bodies of four species of Phellinus: P. igniarius, P. pini, P. pomaceus and P. robustus. The presence of indole compounds in methanolic extracts was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography coupled with densitometric detection. Three metabolites (serotonin, tryptamine, and L-tryptophan) were identified. The contents of individual indole compounds ranged from 1.70 (tryptamine in P. robustus) to 8.32 mg x 100 g1 dry weight (L-tryptophan in P. robustus). Four free phenolic acids were detected in methanolic extracts by the HPLC method. The total content ranged from 9.9 mg x 100 g1 DW (P. igniarius) to 32.5 mg x 100 g1 DW (P. robustus).

scholarly journals Medium-grown daylily flowering in the Republic of Mari El

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mariya Aleksandrovna Okach ◽  
Svetlana Valer'evna Mukhametova ◽  
Kseniya Valentinovna Kharisova ◽  
Anastasiya Sergeevna Polkanova ◽  
Gul'nara Il'darovna Yakupova
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
State University ◽  
Perennial Herbaceous Plant ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Country Club ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
The Republic

Daylily (Hemerocallis) is a perennial herbaceous plant widely used in landscape gardening. Daylilies are prized for their long term flowering mainly in late summer and low maintenance cultivation. According to flower spike height, the varieties are divided into runt, medium-growing and tall. The article contains the results of the study of 21 medium-growing daylily varieties’ terms of flowering in the botanic garden of the Volga region State University of Technology (Yoshkar-Ola, the Republic of Mari El). The research was conducted in 2015 - 2017. The calendar dates were converted into a continuous series. All varieties were classified as early, medium or late according to the terms of the beginning and the end of flowering and its duration. During three years of research, the earliest beginning of the phenological phase was registered in 2016, and the latest one  - in 2017. The early beginning and ending of flowering were typical for the varieties “Dr Regel” and “Royal Sovereign”. The late beginning of flowering was registered for the “Country Club” variety, and the late ending - for “Sandalwood”. Other varieties were classified as medium-term. The varieties “Royal Sovereign”, “Tejas”, and “Sugar Candy” are characterized by a short flowering period, while “Sandalwood” and “Derby Bound” - with a long one. It was established that the late-flowering varieties are characterized with a longer flowering period.

scholarly journals Preparation of herbal formulation and it’s application on nanoparticles synthesis and antibacterial activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Srijan Sunar ◽  
Rajeshkumar S ◽  
Anitha Roy ◽  
Lakshmi T
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Double Beam ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Important Progress

Copper nanoparticles makes important progress in the area of nanotechnology and nanomedicine due to their good optical, electrical and anti-fungal/bacterial application. It is prepared using some methods such as vacuum vapour deposition, microwave irradiation methods, chemical reduction and laser ablation. The chemical reduction method is simple, inexpensive and gives a liable control of geometrical nanoparticle characteristics like size and shape. 20 millimolar of 80 ml copper sulphate prepared using double distilled water. The plant extract is added with the metal solution and was made into 100 ml solution. The synthesised nanoparticles solution is preliminarily characterized by using UV- vis-spectroscopy, 3ml of the solution is taken in curette and scanned in double beam UV-vis- spectrophotometer from 300 nm to 700 nm wavelength. The agar well diffusion method is used. Different concentration of Cu NPs was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans (gram +), Enterococcus sp and Pseudomonas sp. The result reveals that Moringa Oleifera mediated with copper nanoparticles show effective antibacterial activity. CuNPs ex significantly higher activity with an increase in the zone of inhibition diameter. The plant extract is observed to be dark green, and the copper nanoparticles are seen to be in light greenish in colour. They can be used in toothpaste and oral medicines due to their antibacterial activity. Nanoparticles are expected to be used in future for the effective drug systems and immunity against diseases.

scholarly journals First Report of Root Rot on Atractylodes macrocephala (Largehead Atractylodes Rhizome) Caused by Ceratobasidium sp. in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. You ◽  
X. M. Lin ◽  
J. Guo ◽  
M. D. Zhang ◽  
C. L. Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
First Report ◽  
Perennial Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Mercuric Chloride Solution ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Atractylodes Macrocephala ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Atractylodes macrocephala is a perennial herbaceous plant (family Asteraceae) native to China. The biennial root, Largehead Atractylodes Rhizome (LAR), is the most commonly used Chinese herbal medicine to prevent early pregnancy loss due to miscarriage. From summer 2010 to spring 2012, symptoms of root rot were observed on LAR in Xianfeng county, Enshi city, Hubei Province, China. White mold on the root of LAR could be observed at an early growth stage in the field and the white mold spread over the entire plant after 10 days, which differs from root rot of LAR caused by Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani, neither of which are characterized as having mycelium spreading over the whole plant (4). Where root rot symptoms were present, rhizome yield was reduced by 15% on average, with up to 40% yield loss in some fields. Under humid conditions in mid-June, the disease in the field spread quickly and the rhizomes of LAR were completely rotted. After rainfall and increasing temperature from 16 to 35°C, white mycelium appeared and plants withered within a few weeks. In April 2011 and 2012, a fungus was consistently recovered from symptomatic rhizome samples after they were surface sterilized with 0.1% mercuric chloride solution and plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA). Pale gray colonies with short aerial mycelia and brown sclerotia formed on PDA after 7 days incubation at 28°C. Binucleate cells were observed using light microscopy and the characteristics were matched with morphological characteristics of a Ceratobasidium sp (3). Genomic DNA of the culture was extracted, and the rDNA-internal transcribed spacer sequence (GenBank Accession No. JQ926741) showed 99% identity to Ceratobasidium sp (GenBank No. H269825.1). Mycelial plugs of the culture taken from PDA were inoculated onto 40 rhizomes of 1-year-old seedlings and plants were incubated with a 16-h photoperiod at 28°C and 90% relative humidity in an artificial climate chamber where they developed typical disease symptoms after 2 days. Ten rhizomes of 1-year-old seedlings and were treated with PDA plugs only. All seedlings inoculated with the pathogen were withered and the rhizomes were completely covered with gray mycelium 2 days after inoculation, which was similar to the symptoms observed in the field. After 7 days, the symptoms were more severe than those observed in the field, with seedlings rotted completely. The main stalk of all inoculated plants was covered with gray mycelia in 4 days, and the stalk became withered, which was similar to the symptoms observed in the field. No symptoms were observed on control seedlings and plants. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by successful reisolation of Ceratobasidium sp. from diseased seedlings. The pathogenicity tests were carried out twice. Ceratobasidium sp. has been reported to cause root rot of canola in Washington (2). It has also been observed on Rehmannia in China (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Ceratobasidium sp. causing root rot on LAR. References: (1) B. B. Chen et al. Chin. J. Chin. Material Medica (In Chinese) 9:1137, 2011. (2) K. L. Schroeder et al. Plant Dis. 96:591, 2012. (3) B. Sneh et al. Page 39 in: Identification of Rhizoctonia Species. The American Phytopathological Society, 1991. (4) S. X. Zang et al. J. Agric. Univ. Hebei (In Chinese) 28:73, 2005.

scholarly journals First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by Corynespora cassiicola on Baphicacanthus cusia in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 690-690
Author(s):  
Q.-L. Li ◽  
S.-P. Huang ◽  
T.-X. Guo ◽  
Z.-B. Pan ◽  
J.-Y. Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Commonwealth Mycological Institute ◽  
Corynespora Cassiicola ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
First Report ◽  
Perennial Herbaceous Plant

Baphicacanthus cusia is a perennial herbaceous plant in the family Acanthaceae that is native to China, where it grows in warm temperate mountainous or hilly regions. It is commonly used as a Chinese herbal medicine. In March 2012, symptoms of leaf spot were observed on leaves of B. cusia in Long'an County, Guangxi, China, where this plant is extensively cultivated. Symptoms were initially small brown dots which developed into irregular to circular leaf spots. These spots enlarged and overlapped, extending until the 7- to 9-cm-long and 3- to 4-cm-wide leaves withered entirely, mostly within 2 months. On potato dextrose agar (PDA), the same fungus was cultured from 92% of 75 symptomatic leaf samples that had been surface sterilized in a 45-second dip in 0.1% mercuric chloride. Fungal structures were observed on diseased leaves: conidiophores (85 to 460 × 4 to 8 μm) were erect, brown, single or in clusters, and conidia (36 to 90 × 5 to 16 μm) were single or in chains of two to four, brown, cylindrical or obclavate, straight or slightly curved, with 3 to 18 pseudosepta and a conspicuous hilum. Three single-spore isolates were identified as Corynespora cassiicola (Berk & Curt.) Wei based on morphological and cultural characteristics (1). The rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of one isolate, ZY-1, was sequenced (GenBank Accession No. JX908713), and it showed 100% identity to C. cassiicola, GenBank FJ852716, an isolate from Micronesia cultured from Ipomoea batatas (2). Pathogenicity tests were performed with each of the three isolates by spraying conidial suspensions (5 × 104 conidia/ml) containing 0.1% Tween 20 onto the surfaces of leaves of 60-day-old, 20-cm tall plants. For each isolate, 30 leaves from five replicate plants were treated. Control plants were treated with sterilized water containing 0.1% Tween 20. All plants were incubated for 36 h at 25°C and 90% relative humidity in an artificial climate chamber, and then moved into a greenhouse. Seven days after inoculation, dark brown spots typical of field symptoms were observed on all inoculated leaves, but no symptoms were seen on water-treated control plants. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by reisolation of C. cassiicola from diseased leaves. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. cassiicola infecting B. cusia worldwide. References: (1) M. B. Ellis. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute: Kew, Surrey, England, 1971. (2) L. J. Dixon et al. Phytopathology 99:1015, 2009.

scholarly journals In Vitro Propagation of Lilium longiflorum Bulbs Using NAA and BAP Plant Growth Regulator Treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Wayan Deswiniyanti ◽  
Ni Kadek Dwipayani Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Perennial Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Lily Bulb

Lily (Lilium longiflorum) is a perennial herbaceous plant with white trumpet-shaped flowers, fragrant and bulbous. In vitro culture through bulbs is one of way propagation of lily plants, but it requires a long time and only produces limited plants. In vitro propagation is a very promising technique for plant propagation because it can produce a lot of plant seeds in a short time. Bulbs are one of the fastest explants for growing shoots in lilies, but it is not known for certain which cuts of explants from bulb scales are best for multiplying in vitro. This study aims to determine the effect of lily bulb explants and the concentration of NAA and BAP growth regulators on the growth of lily bulb explants. The best results were obtained on the base and middle cuts explant of bulb scales compared to the tip cuts explant ones. The best results of the growing percentage, the number of shoots and the best growing time are shown in the combination treatment of growth regulator 1 mg L−1 NAA and 1 mg L−1 BAP. The optimum results on the number of micro bulbs were found in the treatment of growth regulators 0.5 mg L−1 NAA and 1 mg L−1 BAP. The best results of the average time formed micro bulb was in the treatment of 1 mg L−1 NAA and BAP with middle explant cuts, and treatment concentrations of 0.5 mg L−1 NAA and BAP in the base explant section. The base and middle bulb explants are able to regenerate or grow higher shoots. This is caused by the presence of endogenous natural auxin and the spread of auxin in plant parts not in the same amount. Therefore when added to the exogenous growth regulator such as auxin or cytokines to culture media will further trigger the formation of micro tubers more quickly,. It can increase the concentration of endogenous growth regulators in cells, help growing process and developing tissue.   Keywords: Bulb, lily, micro bulbs, in vitro, shoots

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical and Optical Examination of Water Stored in Copper Vessels

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 278-281
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Optical Examination ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Sudden Decrease ◽  
Different Water Sources

Storage of water in copper vessels is traditionally followed in past and many reports have been published about the antibacterial growth in copper vessel. It is essential to determine the water purity for drinking purposes in daily life through low cost approach. In the present work an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of storage of different drinking water in copper vessel for two week. The corresponding values of pH and TDS meter for different waters were recorded and analyzed. The optical properties such as UV-Vis and Raman studies along with physio-chemical parameters like pH and TDS were analyzed for 3weeks against different water sources kept in copper vessel. The Raman spectra provide information for different water sources. Similarly the UV-Vis spectroscopy provide the peak variation for different waters, however the effect of days and copper concentration analysis are in investigation. The Results obtained in this study reveals that water stored in copper vessel reduces the TDS level of bore water Tirunelveli and maintains its pH at 8.0 after 2 weeks. The bore water in Krishnan kovil (virudhunagar district) shows no variation in TDS after 1 week, but in 2nd week there is sudden decrease in TDS from 1050 to 944ppm and pH level decreases to 8.3 showing alkaline nature. Throughout the experiment we have noticed that the colour of copper vessel changes in case of bore water. For variation in studies we have also studied the pH and TDS of Drinking water at Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education. There is no change in colour of copper vessel and TDS and pH remains same up to one week, but in second week TDS increases to 100ppm while the pH remain constant at 7.4. These studies will help future researcher for designing of copper vessels and will help them to analyze the Physio-chemical studies of water. Moreover the chemical mechanism and reaction between copper vessel and leaching out of copper into water data base will be generated in future based on UV and Raman studies.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization, Expression Analysis of Carotenoid, Xanthophyll, Apocarotenoid Pathway Genes, and Carotenoid and Xanthophyll Accumulation in Chelidonium majus L.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1753
Author(s):  
Ramaraj Sathasivam ◽  
Hyeon Ji Yeo ◽  
Chang Ha Park ◽  
Minsol Choi ◽  
Haejin Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Chelidonium Majus ◽  
Perennial Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content

Chelidonium majus L. is a perennial herbaceous plant that has various medicinal properties. However, the genomic information about its carotenoid biosynthesis pathway (CBP), xanthophyll biosynthesis pathway (XBP), and apocarotenoid biosynthesis pathway (ABP) genes were limited. Thus, the CBP, XBP, and ABP genes of C. majus were identified and analyzed. Among the 15 carotenoid pathway genes identified, 11 full and 4 partial open reading frames were determined. Phylogenetic analysis of these gene sequences showed higher similarity with higher plants. Through 3D structural analysis and multiple alignments, several distinct conserved motifs were identified, including dinucleotide binding motif, carotene binding motif, and aspartate or glutamate residues. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that CBP, XBP, and ABP genes were expressed in a tissue-specific manner; the highest expression levels were achieved in flowers, followed by those in leaves, roots, and stems. The HPLC analysis of the different organs showed the presence of eight different carotenoids. The highest total carotenoid content was found in leaves, followed by that in flowers, stems, and roots. This study provides information on the molecular mechanisms involved in CBP, XBP, and ABP genes, which might help optimize the carotenoid production in C. majus. The results could also be a basis of further studies on the molecular genetics and functional analysis of CBP, XBP, and ABP genes.

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