scholarly journals Recife-Olinda The Last Frontier: Importance of Estuaries and Mangroves in Urban Environments

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Mateus Magarotto ◽  
Monica Costa ◽  
Jacqueline Cavalcanti ◽  
Brenda Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Estuarine Pollution ◽  
Anthropic Influence

Located on the administrative border between the cities of Olinda and Recife, the Beberibe River estuary receives constant anthropic influence and its mangrove is the target of growing real estate speculation. The aim of this manuscript is to analyse the decline of mangroves present the Beberibe estuary margins in resulting (access or restriction) in the period from 1974 to 2014. The analyses are made using Geographic Information Systems to assess pressure and urban expansion. The results indicate that there are 30% of mangroves in the study area and that urban growth caused great losses to the mangrove ecosystem that is visible in the representations in the period 1974 - 2014. In view of the emerging paradigms of urban growth, there are new possibilities for physical connection and conceptual between these two cities based on the convergence between the historically linked population. This discussion took place recently in Recife, concerning the José Estelita Wharf, and is currently being repeated for this last frontier of disorderly urban growth. Keywords: Mangroves; Urban Ecosystems; Estuarine Pollution.

scholarly journals Urban Growth, Real Estate Development and Indigenous Property: Simulating the Expansion Process in the City of Temuco, Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Francisco Maturana ◽  
Mauricio Morales ◽  
Fernando Peña-Cortés ◽  
Marco A. Peña ◽  
Carlos Vielma
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Real Estate Development ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
The Future ◽  
Urban Scenario ◽  
The City

Urbanization is spreading across the world and beyond metropolitan areas. Medium-sized cities have also undergone processes of accelerated urban expansion, especially in Latin America, thanks to scant regulation or a complete lack thereof. Thus, understanding urban growth in the past and simulating it in the future has become a tool to raise its visibility and challenge territorial planners. In this work, we use Markov chains, cellular automata, multi-criteria multi-objective evaluation, and the determination of land use/land cover (LULC) to model the urban growth of the city of Temuco, Chile, a paradigmatic case because it has experienced powerful growth, where real estate development pressures coexist with a high natural value and the presence of indigenous communities. The urban scenario is determined for the years 2033 and 2049 based on the spatial patterns between 1985 and 2017, where the model shows the trend of expansion toward the northeast and significant development in the western sector of the city, making them two potential centers of expansion and conflict in the future given the heavy pressure on lands that are indigenous property and have a high natural value, aspects that need to be incorporated into future territorial planning instruments.

scholarly journals Regulating market-led urban expansion in the new master plans of Sofia and Belgrade

Spatium ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Slaev ◽  
Slavka Zekovic ◽  
Atanas Kovachev ◽  
Tamara Maricic ◽  
Tanja Bajic
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
East Europe ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
European Cities ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Research Questions

Like most European cities, cities in South-east Europe (SEE) have been growing throughout the 20th century, however, since the end of the 1980s, the mechanisms of urban growth and expansion have changed radically: from development fully determined by central planning to market-led urban development. This paper examines how planning in large SEE cities is coping with the challenge to balance the action of the market and achieve planning goals relating to the form of urban growth and expansion. As case studies we analyse the master plans of Sofia and Belgrade and their implementation. We have two research questions: first, whether planning in the two cities has considered the role of the market when defining its objectives, measures and solutions regarding the forms of urban growth and the development of in suburban areas, and, second, whether planning has been able to influence the market or cooperate with it in order to achieve its objectives in suburban development.

Impact of Urban Growth on Market activities in Gombe Metropolis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Faruk Gaya ◽  
Mu’azu Audu Zanuwa ◽  
Kamaludeen Adamu Muhammad ◽  
Mashkurah Ahmed Usman ◽  
Shehu Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Questionnaire Administration ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Town

Urban growth concept has dragged the attention of several scholars of different fields of study for decades. Urban growth refers to expansion of urban centres in size due population growth, which hiked the number of buildings in urban centres around the world. The finding of the paper indicate that Gombe Metropolis expanded by (85 hectares) each year from 2000 to 2010 and the expansion of Gombe Metropolis occur in all direction. The rate at which Gombe Metropolis expand grown to (203 hectares) each year from 2010 up to date. Therefore, the rate at which Gombe metropolis expanded increases by 138% from 2010 to date and how number of markets increases to 16 currently from 12 in the year 2010. This paper study the Impact of urban growth on market in Gombe Metropolis. Coordinate of markets of existing markets was collected. For second set of data used in this paper i.e. secondary data which include map of Gombe metropolis, related journals, text books, published and unpublished document, and Newspaper were consulted. The data generated from questionnaire administration were analysed using tables, graphs and charts. Satellite images showing how urban growth is taken place in Gombe Metropolis were also analysed. The study examines the impact of urban growth on Gombe Metropolis markets activities over the period of study. The findings of the study indicate emergence of new markets in the study area over the years of study as a result of urban expansion that occur in Gombe Metropolis. It also indicated that the new established markets were located in areas where urban growth take place in study area and these new markets are patronized by people within the environment or vicinity of the markets. Most of the newly emerged markets are located at the periphery of the town where urban expansions occur rapidly.

scholarly journals Цифровізація розвитку міст: Urban Atlas на основі відкритих даних для міст України

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Андрій Юрійович Шелестов ◽  
Алла Миколаївна Лавренюк ◽  
Богдан Ялкапович Яйлимов ◽  
Ганна Олексіївна Яйлимова
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Project Smart ◽  
Unified Algorithm ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Ukraine is an associate member of the European Union and in the coming years it is expected that all data and services already used by EU countries will be available to Ukraine. The lack of quality national products for assessing the development and planning of urban growth makes it impossible to assess the impact of cities on the environment and human health. The first steps to create such products for the cities of Ukraine were initiated within the European project "SMart URBan Solutions for air quality, disasters and city growth" (SMURBS), in which specialists from the Space Research Institute of NAS of Ukraine and SSA of Ukraine received the first city atlas for the Kyiv city, which was similar to the European one. However, the resulting product had significantly fewer types of land use than the European one and therefore the question of improving the developed technology arose. The main purpose of the work is to analyze the existing technology of European service Urban Atlas creation and its improvement by developing a unified algorithm for building an urban atlas using all available open geospatial and satellite data for the cities of Ukraine. The development of such technology is based on our own technology for classifying satellite time series with a spatial resolution of 10 meters to build a land cover map, as well as an algorithm for unifying open geospatial data to urban atlases Copernicus. The technology of construction of the city atlas developed in work, based on the intellectual model of classification of a land cover, can be extended to other cities of Ukraine. In the future, the creation of such a product on the basis of data for different years will allow to assess changes in land use and make a forecast for further urban expansion. The proposed information technology for constructing the city atlas will be useful for assessing the dynamics of urban growth and closely related social and economic indicators of their development. Based on it, it is also possible to assess indicators of achieving the goals of sustainable development, such as 11.3.1 "The ratio of land consumption and population growth." The study shows that the city atlas obtained for the Kyiv city has a high level of quality and has comparable land use classes with European products. It indicates that such a product can be used in government decision-making services.

scholarly journals Insect herbivory on urban trees: Complementary effects of tree neighbours and predation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Stemmelen ◽  
Alain Paquette ◽  
Marie-Lise Benot ◽  
Yasmine Kadiri ◽  
Hervé Jactel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Tree Diversity ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
List Type ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Predator Attack ◽  
Peer Community ◽  
Survival Tree

AbstractInsect herbivory is an important component of forest ecosystems functioning and can affect tree growth and survival. Tree diversity is known to influence insect herbivory in natural forest, with most studies reporting a decrease in herbivory with increasing tree diversity. Urban ecosystems, on the other hand, differ in many ways from the forest ecosystem and the drivers of insect herbivory in cities are still debated.We monitored 48 urban trees from five species – three native and two exotic – in three parks of Montreal (Canada) for leaf insect herbivory and predator activity on artificial larvae, and linked herbivory with both predation and tree diversity in the vicinity of focal trees.Leaf insect herbivory decreased with increasing tree diversity and with increasing predator attack rate.Our findings indicate that tree diversity is a key determinant of multitrophic interactions between trees, herbivores and predators in urban environments and that managing tree diversity could contribute to pest control in cities.This article has been peer-reviewed and recommended by Peer Community in Ecologyhttps://doi.org/10.24072/pci.ecology.100061

scholarly journals Modeling of Urban Growth Using Cellular Automata and GIS Case of Benslimane in Morocco

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENCHELHA MOHAMED ◽  
Benzha Fatiha ◽  
Rhinane Hassan ◽  
BENCHELHA SAID ◽  
BENCHELHA TAOUFIK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
Urban Growth Modeling ◽  
Main Component Analysis ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Main Component

In this study, our goal was to research land-use change by combining spatio–temporal land use/land cover monitoring (LULC (1989–2019) and urban growth modeling (1999–2039) in Benslimane, Morocco, to determine the effect of urban growth on different groups based on cellular automata (CA) and geospatial methods. A further goal was to test the reliability of the AC algorithm for urban expansion modeling. To do this, four years of satellite data were used at the same time as population density, downtown distance, slope, and ground road distance. The LULC satellite reported a rise of 3.8 km2 (318% variation) during 1989–2019. Spatial transformation analysis reveals a good classification similarity ranging from 89% to 91% with the main component analysis (PCA) technique. The statistical accuracy between the satellite scale and the replicated built region of 2019 gave 97.23 %t of the confusion matrix overall accuracy, and the region under the receiver operational characteristics (ROC) curve to 0.94, suggesting the model's high accuracy. Although the constructed area remains low relative to the total area of the municipality's territory, the LULC project shows that the urban area will extend to 5,044 km2 in 2019, principally in the western and southwestern sections. In 2019–2039, urban development is expected to lead to a transformation of the other class (loss of 1,364 km2), followed by vegetation cover (loss of 0.345 km2). In spatial modeling and statistical calculations, the GDAL and NumPy Python 3.8 libraries were successful.

scholarly journals Effects of fragmentation on plant adaptation to urban environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1712) ◽  
pp. 20160038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Dubois ◽  
Pierre-Olivier Cheptou
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Fragmented Habitats ◽  
Dispersal Traits ◽  
Neutral Markers

Urban ecosystems are relatively recent and heavily human-altered terrestrial ecosystems with a surprisingly high diversity of animals, plants and other organisms. Urban habitats are also strongly fragmented and subject to higher temperatures, providing a compelling model for studying adaptation to global change. Crepis sancta (Asteraceae), an annual Mediterranean wasteland weed, occupies fragmented urban environments as well as certain unfragmented landscapes in southern France. We tested for shifts in dispersal, reproductive traits and size across a rural–urban gradient to learn whether and how selection may be driving changes in life history in urban and fragmented habitats. We specifically compared the structure of quantitative genetic variation and of neutral markers (microsatellites) between urban and rural and between fragmented and unfragmented habitats. We showed that fragmentation provides a better descriptor of trait variation than urbanization per se for dispersal traits. Fragmentation also affected reproductive traits and plant size though one rural population did conform to this scheme. Our study shows the role of fragmentation for dispersal traits shift in urban environments and a more complex pattern for other traits. We discuss the role of pollinator scarcity and an inhospitable matrix as drivers of adaptation. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences’.

Real Estate Speculation and Transnational Development in Dubai

2019 ◽  
pp. 235-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser Elsheshtawy
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Continuous Displacement

Dubai has managed to roar back from over-extension, severe debt, and some world humiliation. This furthered the zeal for the spectacular and a leadership role in regional construction, transportation, tourism and consumption. All kinds of affluent people, including well-off expats or foreign buyers, have got in on the speculation. A downside of hectic tearing down and building back is the continuous displacement of residents, destruction of ‘traditional’ neighborhoods, and an imposition of a fractured urban form. It also means a loss of history, including the modernist structures, albeit some very ordinary and non-descript, that bespeak actual lives as well as tastes and craft of the prior years. Dubai acts as showcase for the downside of turning urban environments into assets for generating rent.

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