The Theme of War in the Collection of the Amateur Regional Ethnographer P. P. Fertikov from Udmurtia

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Татьяна Григорьевна Владыкина ◽  
Галина Анатольевна Глухова
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
World War ◽  
Song Repertoire ◽  
Former Prisoners ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Village

В статье рассматривается краеведческая деятельность П. П. Фертикова - подполковника медицинской службы в отставке, уроженца русской деревни Патраки Якшур-Бодьинского района Удмуртии. Собранная им за многие годы коллекция материалов представляет собой важный источник по истории и культуре родной деревни и района, республики в целом, основной акцент при этом сделан на события Великой Отечественной войны. Сквозной темой устных повествований о военном времени в жанре рассказов-воспоминаний является жизнь российской глубинки: взваленный на стариков, женщин и детей непосильный крестьянский труд в тылу, постоянная борьба с голодом и холодом, изнурительная работа подростков на лесозаготовках и строительстве железной дороги. Полны драматизма воспоминания бывших военнопленных. Сдержанно-эмоциональны подборки писем с фронта. Типологически общей составляющей коллекции являются русские и удмуртские частушки - короткие песни-куплеты на злободневную тему, позволяющие выплеснуть эмоции непосредственно в момент исполнения. По «девичьим альбомам» участниц войны прослеживается отличный от деревенского песенный репертуар: широко известные авторские песни военных лет, жестокие романсы, наивные по содержанию и стилю песни на стихи самодеятельных авторов. This article deals with the collection of the local historian P. P. Fertikov, a retired Lieutenant Colonel of the medical service and a native of the Russian village of Patraki in the Yakshur-Bodya Region of the Udmurt Republic. The materials he collected over many years is an important source on the history and culture of his native village and district, and of the republic as a whole, with a main focus on the events of World War II. A constant theme of the oral narratives (memoirs) about wartime is life in the rear, in the Russian hinterland. Backbreaking peasant labor burdened the old and the weak shoulders of children; there was a constant struggle with hunger and cold; teenagers had to do the grueling work of cutting timber and railway construction. The accounts of former prisoners of war are full of drama. Letters from the front are emotionally restrained. The main component of the collection is Russian and Udmurt chastushkas - short songs-verses on a topical theme that allow the performer to vent emotions directly during performance. “Maiden’s albums” by participants in the war reveal a different song repertoire from that of the village: they include well-known authorial songs of the war years and heart-rending romances, naive in content and style, based on poems by amateur authors.

The “Other Braceros”

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-271
Author(s):  
Barbara Schmitter Heisler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
World War ◽  
Bracero Program ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Former Prisoners ◽  
Depth Interviews

This article explores the contradictions between the bracero program and the temporary labor program using German prisoners of war in the United States during World War II. Despite the bilateral agreement between Mexico and the United States aimed at protecting the braceros, “who came as allies,” they remained alien workers and outsiders. In contrast, German prisoners of war, who came as enemies, were often transformed into personal friends “like our own boys.” This article uses archival records, in-depth interviews with former prisoners of war, and secondary sources to analyze several structural factors that help explain these divergent outcomes.

CIRCUITS OF POWER: CHINA'S QUEST FOR CABLE TELEGRAPH RIGHTS 1912–1945

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-135
Author(s):  
Shuge Wei
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
World War ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Nationalist Party ◽  
Political Factions ◽  
The Republic

ABSTRACTThis article examines China’s efforts to restore cable telegraph rights from the establishment of the Republic of China to the end of World War II. Challenging the conventional dichotomy of “Chinese” and “Western” actors in rights recovery issues, this article explores the intricate power relations between foreign cable companies, international interests groups and various political factions in China. It analyses China’s reclaim of cable sovereignty in three phases, each characterised by a particular controversy—the intra-clique struggle of the Communications Clique during the early Republic and the warlord era; the rivalry between the Nationalist Party, military and the state during the Nanjing decade; and the direct Sino-Japanese conflict during wartime. The article presents the argument that for the various interest groups, ideologies such as imperialism and nationalism served as rhetoric in their respective pursuits. It was the daily political tensions that played a crucial role in shaping how cable policies were devised.

scholarly journals Education on the Roma Genocide in the Second World War in the Republic of Croatia

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-152
Author(s):  
Danijel Vojak
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Education System ◽  
European Countries ◽  
World War ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Roma Population ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State And Local ◽  
War Victims ◽  
Second World

The Roma population has been living in Croatian territories for more than six centuries and during that period was mostly persecuted by state and local authorities who sought to assimilate them. Such antigypsyism political practice was not unique only for the Croatian territory but was practiced in most other European countries. After World War II there was no commemoration and recognition of Roma victims in most European countries, including socialist Croatia (Yugoslavia). Such marginalization of the culture of remembrance of Roma war victims was reflected in the lack of education on this subject in the Croatian education system, where it is mostly mentioned in only a few words. The paper focuses on the analysis of how the issue of Roma suffering in the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) and Europe is (un)integrated into the Croatian education system.

scholarly journals Debates about the Polish eastern border after World War II in the Polish immigrant circle

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
Tetiana Yelova
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Editorial Staff ◽  
World War ◽  
Annual Basis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Post War

The new geopolitical realities after the World War II saw the revival of the Polish state in a new form. The Republic of Poland appeared on the map of Central Europe, with about half of its territory being the so-called Recovered Territories, while the state borders moved west. The new eastern border of the post-war Poland ran along the Curzon line. The new post-war eastern border of Poland was being negotiated and agreed upon by the Soviet and the Polish authorities starting from 1944 on an annual basis, up to 1948. The last exchange of territories took place in 1951. The debates about the political map of Europe and the new eastern border of Poland, which became a new reality after the World War II, were held both at politicians’ offices and in various media outlets. The most prominent debate about the new Polish eastern border could be found on the pages of the Kultura immigrant periodical. The Polish immigrant public intellectuals Jerzy Giedroyc, Juliusz Mieroszewski, Josef Czapski and other members of the Kultura periodical editorial board were adamant about the need to recognize the Polish borders drawn after the World War II. Such a stance was unacceptable for the Polish Governmentin-Exile based in London and some immigrant circles in the USA. Starting from 1952, the Kultura editorial staff is consistent in its efforts to defend the principle of inviolability of borders drawn after the World War II, urging the Poles to give up on the so-called Polish Kresy (Kresy Wschodnie) and to reconcile with the neighbours on the other side of the new eastern border.

scholarly journals MARTYR AL-ALAMA HAJ ALI MEKKI, A MARCH OF KNOWLEDGE AND JIHAD

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (08) ◽  
pp. 193-213
Author(s):  
Hayat MEKKI
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Field ◽  
Firing Squad ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Revolution

He learned in the corner of the children of Sheikh Boudaoud (Daoud Al-Din) , ‎then moved to the corner of Sheikh Bin Ali Al-Sharif in Jabal Akbu, then he ‎moved to the corner of Sheikh Muhammad Abu Al-Qasim (Al-Hamil) to ‎study jurisprudence and monotheism and obtained a Certificate of principals in ‎jurisprudence and monotheism, especially the obligatory duties, then he ‎worked as an employee in the children's house of Sidi Sheikh Bin Al-Nazir ‎‎(Positively). He also worked as a teacher for a long time and called for building ‎schools and built some of them with his own money. He moved in many parts ‎of the country, performed the Hajj pilgrimage in 1935 AD, and during his ‎travels, he became acquainted with scholars. Evacuated like the leader Husseini, he was influenced by Imam Abdul Hamid ‎bin Badis and his case, he was exposed to several harassment by the colonial ‎authorities during World War II because of his activities in the Association of ‎Scholars Muslims and his land was confiscated and he was prevented from ‎practicing his activity, until the glorious liberation revolution broke out in ‎which he participated in it with all his might, despite his advanced age, he was ‎imprisoned in 1955 AD, and was martyred on April 24, 1959 AD by firing ‎squad.‎ Shot with his brothers the 74 martyrs in the battle of Kingfisher Mansoura. He ‎left one son and six daughters. The researcher who wrote the article is the ‎granddaughter of the martyr Allama to his eldest daughter, Lalla Barakam, born ‎in 1926 in Mansoura, Wilayat of Bordj Bou Arreridj, may God have mercy on ‎him, may his soul rest in peace, his immaculate body is buried in his hometown ‎in the village of Ahl Al-Hamra district of Mansoura. He also left in the cultural ‎field a rich library and manuscripts in Islamic jurisprudence and ordinances‎‎‎. Keywords: Hajj Ali Makki, Martyrs of the Revolution, March of Science and Jihad

scholarly journals The Serbs in Croatia before and after the break-up of Yugoslavia

2006 ◽  
pp. 253-270
Author(s):  
Jovan Ilic
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
World War ◽  
Independent State ◽  
North West ◽  
West Part ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Ethnic War

The Serbs are first mentioned in the west part of the Balkan peninsula in 822. They populated the regions east of the river Cetina, mountain Pljesevica and the area between the rivers Una and Kupa. It means that the significant part of the present Republic of Croatia had been populated by the Serbs since the settlement of the Slavs. The main regions mostly populated by the Serbs were north-west Dalmatia, the larger part of Lika and Kordun, Banija, west Slavonia and smaller sections in east Slavonia, west Srem and Baranya. Social-political circumstances for the life of the Serbs in Croatia were mostly very unfavorable. Extremely unfavourable circumstances were during World War II in The Independent State of Croatia, when the Croatian ustasha fighters carried out an extensive, systematic, comprehensive and bestial genocide, that is ethnocide over the Serbs. The second genocide, that is ethnocide over the Serbs in Croatia was carried out in the civil ethnic-religious war 1991-1995, specially in 1995. In these years, the nationalist- chauvinist, antiserbian movement and war suddenly flared up in Croatia. The Serbs living there were forced to defend, so on December 19 1991 they proclaimed The Republic of Srpska Krajina. However, the Croatian armed forces were military stronger. The Serbs were defeated and punished by the total destruction of their property and mass expulsion. In that cruel civil-ethnic war, about 276.000 Serbs were expelled from Croatia, several thousand of them were killed. About 40.000 Serbian houses were destroyed and 380 Serbian villages were burnt. Hundreds of Serbian-Orthodox religious edifices were burnt or destroyed. The value of the destroyed or plundered Serbian property in Croatia was estimated at about 30 billion euros. According to the official Croatian data, in the last several years about 60.000 Serbs-refugees returned from Serbia to their native land, mostly older persons or those who returned to sell their property and leave Croatia again. About 40.000 of them went to live abroad. However, the Serbs-returnees still live in very difficult conditions, discriminated in all segments of life primarily when it comes to employment.

Full and Partial Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among World War II Prisoners of War

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Favaro ◽  
Elena Tenconi ◽  
Giovanni Colombo ◽  
Paolo Santonastaso
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
World War ◽  
Post Traumatic
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