The role of proteolytic enzymes in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
О.В. Кандалова
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Protease Activated Receptors

В обзоре приводятся данные, касающиеся роли протеаз всех пяти каталитических классов (сериновых, цистеиновых, треониновых, аспартатных и металлопротеиназ) в патогенезе атопического дерматита (АД). Также рассматриваются протеазо-актвированные рецепторы (PARs) и их роль в клинических проявлениях АД. The review provides data on the role of proteases of all five catalytic classes (serine proteases, cysteine proteases, threonine proteases, aspartate proteases, and metalloproteinases) in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. We also discuss the protease activated receptors (PARs) and its role in the clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis.

scholarly journals Molecular and Biotechnological Aspects of Microbial Proteases

1998 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mala B. Rao ◽  
Aparna M. Tanksale ◽  
Mohini S. Ghatge ◽  
Vasanti V. Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Unique Specificity

SUMMARY Proteases represent the class of enzymes which occupy a pivotal position with respect to their physiological roles as well as their commercial applications. They perform both degradative and synthetic functions. Since they are physiologically necessary for living organisms, proteases occur ubiquitously in a wide diversity of sources such as plants, animals, and microorganisms. Microbes are an attractive source of proteases owing to the limited space required for their cultivation and their ready susceptibility to genetic manipulation. Proteases are divided into exo- and endopeptidases based on their action at or away from the termini, respectively. They are also classified as serine proteases, aspartic proteases, cysteine proteases, and metalloproteases depending on the nature of the functional group at the active site. Proteases play a critical role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. Based on their classification, four different types of catalytic mechanisms are operative. Proteases find extensive applications in the food and dairy industries. Alkaline proteases hold a great potential for application in the detergent and leather industries due to the increasing trend to develop environmentally friendly technologies. There is a renaissance of interest in using proteolytic enzymes as targets for developing therapeutic agents. Protease genes from several bacteria, fungi, and viruses have been cloned and sequenced with the prime aims of (i) overproduction of the enzyme by gene amplification, (ii) delineation of the role of the enzyme in pathogenecity, and (iii) alteration in enzyme properties to suit its commercial application. Protein engineering techniques have been exploited to obtain proteases which show unique specificity and/or enhanced stability at high temperature or pH or in the presence of detergents and to understand the structure-function relationships of the enzyme. Protein sequences of acidic, alkaline, and neutral proteases from diverse origins have been analyzed with the aim of studying their evolutionary relationships. Despite the extensive research on several aspects of proteases, there is a paucity of knowledge about the roles that govern the diverse specificity of these enzymes. Deciphering these secrets would enable us to exploit proteases for their applications in biotechnology.

The role of serpins in tumor cell migration

2015 ◽  
Vol 396 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Fortenberry
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Malignant Cell ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Tumor Cell Migration

Abstract Tumor cells are characterized by uncontrolled cell growth at a primary site that is caused by genetic alterations. Tumor cells that metastasize from their primary site to distant locations are commonly referred to as malignant. Cell migration is a critical step in this process. The ability of tumor cells to migrate and invade is partly controlled by proteolytic enzymes. These enzymes are secreted by either the tumor cells themselves or adjacent cells. They represent all classes of proteases, including serine and cysteine proteases. Serine proteases, in particular urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), initiate a proteolytic cascade that culminates in degrading components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Some serine proteases are controlled by a superfamily of proteins known as serpins. This minireview provides an overview of serpins that are vital in regulating tumor cell migration and progressing cancer.

Skin microbiomein adult atopic dermatitis

2018 ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
О.В. Кандалова ◽  
И.В. Елистратова ◽  
О.Б. Иванченко ◽  
А.В. Гречко ◽  
С.Г. Морозов
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity

Данный миниобзор посвящен изучению роли микробиома кожи и, в частности, роли стафилококков в обострении атопического дерматита у взрослых людей. Были проанализированы предпосылки бактериальной контаминации кожи и роль факторов внешней среды. Представлены данные по влиянию S. aureaus на разные звенья природного и адаптивного иммунитета за счет синтеза специфических регуляторных белков, протеолитических ферментов и гидролаз. Обозначены некоторые направления борьбы с бактериальной инфекцией для предупреждения обострения атопического дерматита у взрослых. In this mini review we have analyzed the role of skin microbiome in the atopic dermatitis relapse in adults, in particular, a role of S. aureaus in this process. The background for the skin bacterial contamination under the influence of environmental factors has been analyzed. We reviewed some S. aureaus effects on the components of innate and adaptive immunity due to the secretion of specific regulatory proteins, a number of proteolytic enzymes, and some hydrolases. There were indicated some ways to eliminate the bacterial infection to prevent the atopic dermatitis relapse in adults

scholarly journals Evaluation on Potential Contributions of Protease Activated Receptors Related Mediators in Allergic Inflammation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiyun Zhang ◽  
Xiaoning Zeng ◽  
Shaoheng He
Keyword(s):  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Protease Activated Receptors ◽  
Pathologic Process ◽  
Allergic Disorders ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Protease activated receptors (PARs) have been recognized as a distinctive four-member family of seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that can be cleaved by certain serine proteases. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the role of PARs in allergic inflammation, the fundamental pathologic changes of allergy, but the potential roles of PARs in allergy remain obscure. Since many of these proteases are produced and actively involved in the pathologic process of inflammation including exudation of plasma components, inflammatory cell infiltration, and tissue damage and repair, PARs appear to make important contribution to allergy. The aim of the present review is to summarize the expression of PARs in inflammatory and structural cells, the influence of agonists or antagonists of PARs on cell behavior, and the involvement of PARs in allergic disorders, which will help us to better understand the roles of serine proteases and PARs in allergy.

scholarly journals Pruritus and Atopic Dermatitis: from Etiological Features to Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 468-476
Author(s):  
Nikolay N. Murashkin ◽  
Leonid A. Opryatin ◽  
Roman V. Epishev ◽  
Alexander I. Materikin ◽  
Eduard T. Ambarchian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Scientific Images

Pruritus is one of the main clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis, and it significantly reduces the quality of life of patients in childhood. Scientific images on its pathophysiological basis have now undergone significant changes. The histamine exceptional role in pruritus development was confounded, as well as data on immune system involvement in its maintenance was given. This article presents current data on differential approaches to pruritus management depending on its etiopathogenetic characteristics. The role of dermocosmetics in restoration of the skin barrier as the first stage prevention of pruritus in atopic dermatitis was considered. The results of clinical studies showing efficacy of topical agents (innovative component with anti-pruritic action — STIMU-TEX) application are presented.

scholarly journals Correlation between Interleukin 31 and clinical manifestations in children with atopic dermatitis: an observational study

2022 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Emanuela Duca ◽  
Genel Sur ◽  
Ionel Armat ◽  
Gabriel Samasca ◽  
Lucia Sur
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pediatric Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Serologic Assay

Background: Itching is one of the major and mandatory signs of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children. Interleukin 31 (IL-31) is strongly involved in the genesis of pruritus. In our study, 68 patients aged 0–18 years with proven AD were followed clinically. The role of IL-31 in pruritus as clinical manifestation of AD is known but its etiopathogenetic mechanism is not well known. Methods: Serum was collected from 31 patients with moderate and severe forms of AD to determine IL-31 and its correlation with activity and severity of the disease. We also studied 30 healthy patients to compare the results of determinations. The IL-31 value was determined using the sandwich enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay (two antibodies assay). The IL-31 values were expressed as picograms per milliliter (pg/mL) and compared with activity and severity of the disease. Results: The IL-31 value was much higher in patients with AD compared to the control group. The mean value of findings was 1600 pg/mL compared to the control group with an average of 220 pg/mL. The IL-31 values were positively correlated with the severity and activity of the disease. Conclusions: The results of our pediatric study established the involvement of IL-31 in the pathophysiology of AD. IL-31 could be a marker of AD track.

scholarly journals Predicting The Cleavage Sites of Multiple Proteases Families on Rice Alpha Amylase Isozyme 3D Sequences

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Ayu Oshin Yap Sinaga ◽  
David Septian Sumanto Marpaung
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Protein Sequences ◽  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Cleavage Sites ◽  
Suspension Cells ◽  
Protein Target ◽  
3D Sequences

Proteases is a proteolytic enzyme that often determined the crucial process in degradation pathway occurred in all of organisms. Prediction of novel protease is important action to design the protease inhibitor.  In the secretion of rice αAmy3 protein in outside cells will be followed by secretion of recombinant protein target and proteolytic enzymes together, which means potentially also degraded the recombinant protein target In this study, the proteases was detected in rice αAMY 3D protein sequences. Our study resulted the 3 major proteases appeared in rice αAMY 3D protein sequences, they were cysteine proteases, serine proteases and metalloproteases. Based on the literature, such proteases also appeared in rice suspension cells. Design the inhibitor for such proteases will be suggested for reduction of proteases level.

scholarly journals Human airway trypsin-like protease, a serine protease involved in respiratory diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (5) ◽  
pp. L657-L668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awen Menou ◽  
JanWillem Duitman ◽  
Pauline Flajolet ◽  
Jean-Michel Sallenave ◽  
Arnaud André Mailleux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Cell Recruitment ◽  
Human Airway ◽  
Human Genes ◽  
Extracellular Environment

More than 2% of all human genes are coding for a complex system of more than 700 proteases and protease inhibitors. Among them, serine proteases play extraordinary, diverse functions in different physiological and pathological processes. The human airway trypsin-like protease (HAT), also referred to as TMPRSS11D and serine 11D, belongs to the emerging family of cell surface proteolytic enzymes, the type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs). Through the cleavage of its four major identified substrates, HAT triggers specific responses, notably in epithelial cells, within the pericellular and extracellular environment, including notably inflammatory cytokine production, inflammatory cell recruitment, or anticoagulant processes. This review summarizes the potential role of this recently described protease in mediating cell surface proteolytic events, to highlight the structural features, proteolytic activity, and regulation, including the expression profile of HAT, and discuss its possible roles in respiratory physiology and disease.

scholarly journals Predicting The Cleavage Sites of Multiple Proteases Families on Rice Alpha Amylase Isozyme 3D Sequences

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Ayu Oshin Yap Sinaga ◽  
David Septian Sumanto Marpaung
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Protein Sequences ◽  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Cleavage Sites ◽  
Suspension Cells ◽  
Protein Target ◽  
3D Sequences

Proteases is a proteolytic enzyme that often determined the crucial process in degradation pathway occurred in all of organisms. Prediction of novel protease is important action to design the protease inhibitor.  In the secretion of rice αAmy3 protein in outside cells will be followed by secretion of recombinant protein target and proteolytic enzymes together, which means potentially also degraded the recombinant protein target In this study, the proteases was detected in rice αAMY 3D protein sequences. Our study resulted the 3 major proteases appeared in rice αAMY 3D protein sequences, they were cysteine proteases, serine proteases and metalloproteases. Based on the literature, such proteases also appeared in rice suspension cells. Design the inhibitor for such proteases will be suggested for reduction of proteases level.

scholarly journals The Role of Minor Signs in Atopic Dermatitis Diagnostics

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-243
Author(s):  
Olga B. Tamrazova ◽  
Sergey P. Seleznev ◽  
Anait V. Tamrazova
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
General Information ◽  
Disease Manifestation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Chronic Course ◽  
Epidemiological Significance

General information on atopic dermatitis (AD), its history and epidemiological significance are presented. Multiple etiopathogenetic factors affecting disease manifestation are identified. The absence of specific tests, laboratory and histological studies, that can help in correct AT diagnosis, is mentioned. Most of AT diagnostic schemes clarify main (major) and additional (minor) signs of disease. Clinical manifestations of AD minor signs crucial for revealing of subacute and chronic course, as well as onset of incomplete remission of disease are described. Topical AD management regimens are presented. Pathogenetic verifications for emollients and regenerating agents use are presented.

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