scholarly journals An Ultrastructural Study on the Effects of Mono(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate on Mice Testes: Cell Death and Sloughing of Spermatogenic Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tat Wei TAY ◽  
Bibin Bintang ANDRIANA ◽  
Maki ISHII ◽  
Ehn Kyoung CHOI ◽  
Xiao Bo ZHU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate

An ultrastructural study of spermatogenesis and the morphology of the testis in the nemertean worm Tetrastemma phyllospadicola (Nemertea, Hoplonemertea)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2187-2202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Stricker ◽  
Michael J. Cavey
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells

Ripe male specimens of the nemertean worm Tetrastemma phyllospadicola (Nemertea, Hoplonemertea) measure about 7 mm long and characteristically possess 100–200 saccular testes. Each testis connects to a short gonoduct which is lined by myofilament-containing cells. The testicular sac is also lined by cells packed with myofilaments and typically contains scattered clusters of spermatogenic cells and bundles of sperm. During spermatogenesis, a spermatogonium divides mitotically several times and ultimately forms a cluster of primary spermatocytes that remain interconnected by narrow cellular bridges. Spermatocytes undergo meiotic divisions to produce syncytial clones of spermatids. As spermiogenesis proceeds, each spermatid differentiates into a modified spermatozoon with a wavy head measuring about 40 μm long. The head contains a well-developed acrosomal complex situated lateral to the anterior end of the nucleus and a long mitochondrion that lies within a groove in the posterior part of the nucleus. A discrete midpiece is lacking. The centriolar anchoring apparatus comprises nine unbranched spokes, and the tail exhibits a 9 × 2 + 2 arrangement of microtubules. Somatic cells that possess ramifying processes are intimately associated with the spermatogenic clones in each testis. Peculiar attributes of the testes and spermatozoa of this species are discussed with reference to previous accounts of spermatogenesis in nemerteans.

scholarly journals An ultrastructural study of chondroptosis: programmed cell death in degenerative intervertebral discs in vivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
Li-Bo Jiang ◽  
Hai-Xiao Liu ◽  
Yu-Long Zhou ◽  
Sun-Ren Sheng ◽  
Hua-Zi Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Intervertebral Discs

scholarly journals Hericium Erinaceus Prevents DEHP-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis in PC12 Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Amara ◽  
Maria Scuto ◽  
Agata Zappalà ◽  
Maria Laura Ontario ◽  
Antonio Petralia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Pc12 Cells ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Hericium Erinaceus ◽  
Nutritional Strategy ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate

Hericium Erinaceus (HE) is a medicinal plant known to possess anticarcinogenic, antibiotic, and antioxidant activities. It has been shown to have a protective effect against ischemia-injury-induced neuronal cell death in rats. As an extending study, here we examined in pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells, whether HE could exert a protective effect against oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer known to cause neurotoxicity. We demonstrated that pretreatment with HE significantly attenuated DEHP induced cell death. This protective effect may be attributed to its ability to reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, preserving the activity of respiratory complexes and stabilizing the mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, HE pretreatment significantly modulated Nrf2 and Nrf2-dependent vitagenes expression, preventing the increase of pro-apoptotic and the decrease of anti-apoptotic markers. Collectively, our data provide evidence of new preventive nutritional strategy using HE against DEHP-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells.

Ultrastructural Study of Peroxisome Proliferation in Hepatocytes by Quick-Freezing and Deep-Etching Method

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 258-259
Author(s):  
S. Ohno
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferation ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Deep Etching ◽  
Quick Freezing ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate ◽  
Conventional Electron Microscopy

It had been emphasized that luminar continuities between sER and peroxisomes were detected by conventional electron microscopy. However, recent studies ruled out the luminar continuities between sER and peroxisomes. Lazarow et al. reported that peroxisomal proteins were synthesized on free ribosomes and postulated the existence of “peroxisomal reticulum” distinct from the ER. The object of this study is to clarify the proliteration mechanism of peroxisomes after administration of a peroxisome proliferator, DEHP (di-2- ethylhexyl phthalate).Mice treated with 2% DEHP for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days and normal mice were perfused with 2% paraformaldehyde in 0.1M phosphate buffered solution, pH 7.4, (PB) for 5 min. The livers were cut into small pieces, washed in PB to remove cytoplasmic soluble proteins and were fixed again with 2% paraformaldehyde-0.25% glutaraldehyde for 30 min. They were quickly frozen in isopentane-propane mixture (around -190 C) and fractured in liquid nitrogen to remove the damaged surface tissues. They were deeply etched in Eiko FD-3S machine (-95°C, 2-6xl0-7 Torr) and rotary shadowed with platinum.

Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (MEHP) Induces Spermatogenic Cell Apoptosis in Guinea Pig Testes at Prepubertal Stage In Vitro

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Awal ◽  
M. Kurohmaru ◽  
M. Ishii ◽  
B. B. Andriana ◽  
Y. Kanai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Tunel Staining ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate ◽  
Cell Vacuolization

The effects of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), an active metabolite of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), on prepubertal guinea pig testes in vitro were investigated. The testes of 35-day-old guinea pigs were surgically excised. They were seeded in a defined medium containing antibiotics and administered MEHP at concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 nmol/ml, respectively. The control groups were administered a similar volume of corn oil vehicle. The tissues were incubated for 3, 6, and 9 h. The specimens were collected at 3, 6, and 9 h after treatment. They were fixed in 4%paraformaldehyde or 5% glutaraldehyde. For quantitation of the apoptotic spermatogenic cells, the terminal dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining was performed by light microscopy. Detachment and displacement of spermatogenic cells, thin seminiferous epithelia, and Sertoli cell vacuolization were observed. Maximal testicular damage was recognized at 100 nmol/ml 9 h after MEHP treatment. The percentage (%) of apoptotic spermatogenic cells significantly increased at 3, 6, and 9 h after treatment, compared to the control groups. Because the loss of spermatogenic cells by MEHP treatment varies among species, the present study, using guinea pigs, was designed and conducted to obtain further information.

scholarly journals Temperature dependence of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in rat meiotic and postmeiotic spermatogenic cells

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Herrera ◽  
K Salas ◽  
N Lagos ◽  
DJ Benos ◽  
JG Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Cell Parameter ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Pachytene Spermatocytes ◽  
Calculated Activation

The hypothesis that intracellular [Ca2+] is a cell parameter responsive to extreme temperatures in rat meiotic and postmeiotic spermatogenic cells was tested using intracellular fluorescent probes for Ca2+ and pH. In agreement with this hypothesis, extreme temperatures induced a rapid increase of cytosolic [Ca2+] in rat pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids. Oscillatory changes in temperature can induce oscillations in cytosolic [Ca2+] in these cells. Intracellular [Ca2+] homeostasis in round spermatids was more sensitive to high temperatures compared with pachytene spermatocytes. The calculated activation energies for SERCA ATPase-mediated fluxes in pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids were 62 and 75 kJ mol(-1), respectively. The activation energies for leak fluxes from intracellular Ca2+ stores were 55 and 68 kJ mol(-1) for pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids, respectively. Together with changes in cytosolic [Ca2+], round spermatids undergo a decrease in pH(i) at high temperatures. This temperature-induced decrease in pH(i) appears to be partially responsible for the increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] of round spermatids induced by high temperatures. This characteristic of rat meiotic and postmeiotic spermatogenic cells to undergo an increment in cytosolic Ca2+ at temperatures > 33 degrees C can be related to the induction of programmed cell death by high temperatures in these cells.

scholarly journals Bisphenol A-induced morphological alterations in Sertoli and spermatogenic cells of immature Shiba goatsin vitro: An ultrastructural study

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
BIBIN BINTANG ANDRIANA ◽  
TAT WEI TAY ◽  
RYUJI HIRAMATSU ◽  
MOHAMMAD ABDUL AWAL ◽  
YOSHIAKIRA KANAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Morphological Alterations

scholarly journals Disappearance of Vimentin in Sertoli Cells: A Mono(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Effect

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tat Wei Tay ◽  
Bibin Bintang Andriana ◽  
Maki Ishii ◽  
Naoki Tsunekawa ◽  
Yoshiakira Kanai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cell ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Gradual Disappearance ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate

The effects of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on 21-day-old C57Bl/6N mice and their Sertoli cell cultures were studied. Mice were given a single dose of 800 mg/kg MEHP by oral gavage and sacrificed 24 h later. At the same time, testes were harvested from another batch of mice for Sertoli cell cultures. Cultures were subsequently exposed to 0, 1, and 100 nmol/ml MEHP for 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. An antivimentin antibody was used to detect intermediate filament changes in Sertoli cells. Meanwhile, detection of preapoptotic signals and presence of apoptotic cells were done using annexin V–FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) and TUNEL (deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) analyses, respectively. In vivo results showed a correlation between the increase in TUNEL-positive cells and the vimentin disruption in treated mice. Toluidine blue staining of the Sertoli cell cultures showed the increased number and size of vacuoles in Sertoli cell cytoplasm. Vimentin immunohistochemistry showed gradual disappearance of vimentin in Sertoli cell cultures as time and dose increased. Some Sertoli cells were found to be annexin V–FITC positive, but no TUNEL-positive cells were found. Taken together, these results show that the appearance of vacuoles and the vimentin disappearance caused by MEHP in the Sertoli cells are related with each other and can be observed in relation to time. This can be used as an indicator of the loss of mechanical support for spermatogenic cells, which in the end causes apoptosis of spermatogenic cells.

scholarly journals Spermatogonial deubiquitinase USP9X is essential for proper spermatogenesis in mice

Reproduction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasane Kishi ◽  
Aya Uchida ◽  
Hinako M Takase ◽  
Hitomi Suzuki ◽  
Masamichi Kurohmaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Conditional Deletion ◽  
Fat Facets

USP9X (ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9, X chromosome) is the mammalian orthologue of Drosophila deubiquitinase fat facets that was previously shown to regulate the maintenance of the germ cell lineage partially through stabilizing Vasa, one of the widely conserved factors crucial for gametogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that USP9X is expressed in the gonocytes and spermatogonia in mouse testes from newborn to adult stages. By using Vasa-Cre mice, germ cell-specific conditional deletion of Usp9x from the embryonic stage showed no abnormality in the developing testes by 1 week and no appreciable defects in the undifferentiated and differentiating spermatogonia at postnatal and adult stages. Interestingly, after 2 weeks, Usp9x-null spermatogenic cells underwent apoptotic cell death at the early spermatocyte stage, and then, caused subsequent aberrant spermiogenesis, which resulted in a complete infertility of Usp9x conditional knockout male mice. These data provide the first evidence of the crucial role of the spermatogonial USP9X during transition from the mitotic to meiotic phases and/or maintenance of early meiotic phase in Usp9x conditional knockout testes.

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