Stationary population:  Author’s reply  to  comments  by reviewers

Abstract Background and Rationale With the increasing prevalence of most chronic diseases, multimorbidity is becoming an important public health concern in the Canadian population. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity in the general population based on 14 major chronic diseases and examine associations with lifestyle/behavioral factors.Methods: The data source was the 2015-2016 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). The CCHS is a cross sectional, complex multi-stage survey based on information collected from 109,659 participants aged 12+, covering all provinces and territories. Multimorbidity was measured by counting the co-occurrence of two or more chronic diseases within a person. Multiple logistic regression was the primary analysis. Results: The prevalence of multimorbidity was 33%. Adjusting for sociodemographic variables, there was an increased odds of multimorbidity for those having a sedentary lifestyle (OR=1.06; CI:1.01-1.11) and being obese (OR=1.37;CI:1.32-1.43) or overweight (OR=2.65; CI: 2.54-2.76). . There were also significant interaction effects on multimorbidity,between sex and smoking, and immigration status and alcohol intake..Conclusion and Implications: Given the high prevalence of multimorbidity among the general Canadian population, policy makers and service providers should give more attention to the behavioral/lifestyle factors which significantly predicted multimorbidity. Policy and program efforts that promote a healthy lifestyle should be a priority.

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Chronic disease multimorbidity among the Canadian population: prevalence and associated lifestyle factors

Archives of Public Health ◽

10.1186/s13690-021-00583-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nigatu Regassa Geda ◽

Bonnie Janzen ◽

Punam Pahwa

Keyword(s):

Chronic Diseases ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Service Providers ◽

Population Policy ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Canadian Community Health Survey ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Immigration Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Canadian Population

Abstract Background Chronic diseases is increasingly becoming one of the most pressing public health concerns in most part of the world, including the Canadian population. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity in the general population based on 14 major chronic diseases and examine associations with lifestyle/behavioral factors. Methods The data source was the 2015–2016 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). The CCHS is a cross sectional, complex multi-stage survey based on information collected from 109,659 participants aged 12+, covering all provinces and territories. Multimorbidity was defined as the co-occurrence of two or more chronic diseases within a person. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the key determinants of multimorbidity. Results The prevalence of multimorbidity was 33 %. Adjusting for sociodemographic variables, there was an increased odd of multimorbidity for those having a sedentary lifestyle (AOR = 1.06; CI:1.01–1.11) and being obese (AOR = 1.37; CI:1.32–1.43) or overweight (AOR = 2.65; CI: 2.54–2.76). There were two statistically significant interactions, between sex and smoking, and between immigration status and alcohol intake. Smoking was more strongly associated with multimorbidity in females than males. The association between alcohol intake and multimorbidity was also dependent upon immigration status. Conclusions Given the high prevalence of multimorbidity among the general Canadian population, policy makers and service providers should give more attention to the behavioral/lifestyle factors which significantly predicted multimorbidity. Policy and program efforts that promote a healthy lifestyle should be a priority.

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The canadian population constipation survey: Prevalence, rome Il adjustment and health care seeking

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(01)83154-1 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 120 (5) ◽

pp. A634-A635

Author(s):

P PARE ◽

S FERRAZZI ◽

W THOMPSON ◽

E IRVINE ◽

L RANCE

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Seeking ◽

Care Seeking ◽

Canadian Population

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Association of Job Strain with Short-term Disability and Healthcare Utilization in the Canadian Population

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e509012013-093 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Christa Boychuk ◽

Heather Stuart ◽

Sam Shortt

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Utilization ◽

Job Strain ◽

Short Term ◽

Canadian Population

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Population Policy Questionnaire

PsycTESTS Dataset ◽

10.1037/t06765-000 ◽

1975 ◽

Author(s):

Harrison G. Gough

Keyword(s):

Population Policy

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Population Policies in Turkey and Demographic Changes on a Social Map

BORDER CROSSING ◽

10.33182/bc.v6i2.493 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 240-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mustafa Murat Yucesahin ◽

Tuğba Adalı ◽

A Sinan Türkyılmaz

Keyword(s):

Population Policy ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Ageing Population ◽

Demographic Changes ◽

Demographic Transitions ◽

Population Policies ◽

Demographic Indicators ◽

The Social ◽

Working Age ◽

Low Levels

Compared to its past structure, Turkey is now a country with low levels of fertility and mortality. This junction that Turkey now has reached is associated with a number of risks, such as an ageing population, and a decreasing working-age population. The antinatalist policy era of Turkey was followed by a period of maintenance, yet the recent demographic changes formed the basis of a pronatalist population policy from the government’s view. This study discusses the link between demographic change and population policies in Turkey. It further aims to position Turkey spatially in relation to selected countries that are in various stages of their demographic transitions with different population policies, using a multidimensional scaling approach with data on 25 selected countries from the UN. The analysis is based on a 34-year period, 1975-2009, so as to better demonstrate Turkey’s international position on a social map, past and present. Our findings suggest that Turkey’s position on the social map shifted towards developed countries over time in terms of demographic indicators and population policies.

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27. Immigration and other evils: A profile of Dr. C. K. Clarke and the eugenics movement in Canada

Clinical & Investigative Medicine ◽

10.25011/cim.v30i4.2787 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

L. Lee

Keyword(s):

Mentally Ill ◽

The United States ◽

Cornell University ◽

The Public ◽

Canadian Population ◽

Historical Figures ◽

The Social ◽

Eugenics Movement ◽

The Government ◽

Mental Defectives

Dr. C.K. Clarke (1857-1924) was one of Canada’s most prominent psychiatrists. He sought to improve the conditions of asylums, helped to legitimize psychiatry and established formal training for nurses. At the beginning of the 20th Century, Canada experienced a surge of immigration. Yet – as many historians have shown – a widespread anti-foreigner sentiment within the public remained. Along with many other members of the fledgling eugenics movement, Clarke believed that the proportion of “mental defectives” was higher in the immigrant population than in the Canadian population and campaigned to restrict immigration. He appealed to the government to track immigrants and deport them once they showed signs of mental illness. Clarke’s efforts lead to amendments to the Immigration Act in 1919, which authorized deportation of people who were not Canadian-born, regardless of how many years that had been in Canada. This change applied not only to the mentally ill but also to those who could no longer work due to injury and to those who did not follow social norms. Clarke is a fascinating example of how we judge historical figures. He lived in a time where what we now think of as xenophobia was a socially acceptable, even worthy attitude. As a leader in eugenics, therefore, he was a progressive. Other biographers have recognized Clarke’s racist opinions, some of whom justify them as keeping with the social values of his era. In further exploring Clarke’s interest in these issues, this paper relies on his personal scrapbooks held in the CAMH archives. These documents contain personal papers, poems and stories that proclaim his anti-Semitic and anti-foreigner views. Whether we allow his involvement in the eugenics movement to overshadow his accomplishments or ignore his racist leanings to celebrate his memory is the subject of ongoing debate. Dowbiggin IR. Keeping America Sane: Psychiatry and Eugenics in the United States and Canada 1880-1940. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1997. McLaren A. Our Own Master Race: Eugenics in Canada 1885-1945. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1990. Roberts B. Whence They Came: Deportation from Canada 1900-1935. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1988.

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A Successful Population Policy: Potentials and Constraints (Distinguishedl Lecture)

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v32i4ipp.411-431 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 32 (4I) ◽

pp. 411-431

Author(s):

Hans-Rimbert Hemmer

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Economic Development ◽

Population Growth ◽

Capita Income ◽

Population Policy ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Per Capita Income ◽

Access To Health Services ◽

Industrial Countries ◽

Per Capita

The current rapid population growth in many developing countries is the result of an historical process in the course of which mortality rates have fallen significantly but birthrates have remained constant or fallen only slightly. Whereas, in industrial countries, the drop in mortality rates, triggered by improvements in nutrition and progress in medicine and hygiene, was a reaction to economic development, which ensured that despite the concomitant growth in population no economic difficulties arose (the gross national product (GNP) grew faster than the population so that per capita income (PCI) continued to rise), the drop in mortality rates to be observed in developing countries over the last 60 years has been the result of exogenous influences: to a large degree the developing countries have imported the advances made in industrial countries in the fields of medicine and hygiene. Thus, the drop in mortality rates has not been the product of economic development; rather, it has occurred in isolation from it, thereby leading to a rise in population unaccompanied by economic growth. Growth in GNP has not kept pace with population growth: as a result, per capita income in many developing countries has stagnated or fallen. Mortality rates in developing countries are still higher than those in industrial countries, but the gap is closing appreciably. Ultimately, this gap is not due to differences in medical or hygienic know-how but to economic bottlenecks (e.g. malnutrition, access to health services)

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