scholarly journals Home leaving trajectories in Canada: exploring cultural and gendered dimensions

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen M. Gee ◽  
Barbara A. Mitchell ◽  
Andrew V. Wister
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leaving Home ◽  
Asian Origin ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Life Course Transitions ◽  
Ethnocultural Groups ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Home Leaving ◽  
And Gender

In this exploratory study, we profile variations in home leaving, home returning, and home staying behaviour among four ethnocultural groups in Canada - British, Chinese, Indian, and South European. Data collected in a 1999-2000 survey of 1,907 young adults (ages 19-35) residing in the Vancouver area are used. Our principal foci are ethnocultural and gendered aspects of home leaving trajectories, specifically: ages at home leaving and returning, and reasons for home leaving, home returning and home staying. Special attention is paid to returners/boomerangers, given an increasing overall trend in home returning in Canada. We find that: (a) both ethnocultural origin and gender are important determinants of home leaving trajectory, (b) there is a distinct (but far from tidy) difference between European-origin and Asian-origin groups in home leaving trajectory, (c) British-Canadians leave home at the youngest ages and Indo-Canadians at the oldest ages, (d) the main reason for home leaving is independence for British-Canadians; schooling for Chinese-Canadians, and marriage for Indo-Canadians, (e) among all four groups, home returners leave home initially at younger ages and, with the exception of Indo-Canadian young men, who typically leave home for school, and (f) gender differences in home leaving trajectory are larger among the Chinese and Indo-Canadians than among persons of European origins. Overall, we conclude that the theorized trend of the individualized family life course holds for only some ethnocultural groups in Canada. We conclude with suggestions for future research directions on the topic of ethnicity and the home leaving life course transitions.

scholarly journals On the Robustness of Face Recognition Algorithms Against Attacks and Bias

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (09) ◽  
pp. 13583-13589
Author(s):  
Richa Singh ◽  
Akshay Agarwal ◽  
Maneet Singh ◽  
Shruti Nagpal ◽  
Mayank Vatsa
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Recognition Algorithm ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Recognition Algorithms ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Variations ◽  
Very High

Face recognition algorithms have demonstrated very high recognition performance, suggesting suitability for real world applications. Despite the enhanced accuracies, robustness of these algorithms against attacks and bias has been challenged. This paper summarizes different ways in which the robustness of a face recognition algorithm is challenged, which can severely affect its intended working. Different types of attacks such as physical presentation attacks, disguise/makeup, digital adversarial attacks, and morphing/tampering using GANs have been discussed. We also present a discussion on the effect of bias on face recognition models and showcase that factors such as age and gender variations affect the performance of modern algorithms. The paper also presents the potential reasons for these challenges and some of the future research directions for increasing the robustness of face recognition models.

Historical and generational forces in the Iridescent Life Course of bisexual women, men, and gender diverse older adults

Sexualities ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 136346072094731
Author(s):  
Karen Fredriksen Goldsen ◽  
Sarah Jen ◽  
Theresa Clark ◽  
Hyun-Jun Kim ◽  
Hyunzee Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bisexual Women ◽  
Gender Diverse ◽  
And Gender

Purpose Little is known about the life course of bisexual older adults. This study examines life events and experiences of bisexuals by generation: Pride Generation, born 1950–1964; Silenced Generation, born 1935–1949; and Invisible Generation, born 1934 or earlier, as well as by gender among women, men, and gender diverse older adults. Methods Aging with Pride: National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study is the first national longitudinal study of LGBTQ older adults in the US. We utilize the Iridescent Life Course to examine the life events and life course experiences of bisexual older adults ( N = 216) using 2014 survey data. The Iridescent Life Course frames this study for comparing generational and gender differences in five key areas: identity development; work; kin and social relationships; bias-related experiences; and physical and mental health. Findings The Invisible Generation, the oldest generation, compared to the two younger generations, reports significant risks related to social relationships, the lowest levels of openly disclosing, and fewer bias-related experiences. They also demonstrate important signs of resilience and better mental health. Bisexual men and gender diverse older adults report higher rates of bias-related experiences and fewer social resources than bisexual women. Conclusion Based on the Iridescent Life Course, we document important differences in the heterogeneity and intersectionality in bisexual lives, particularly for those in late life and those gender diverse. It is essential to document the distinct nature of bisexuals’ life course, as it provides both historical and contemporary insights into aging and the reframing of future research.

Narcissism as a Predictor of Facebook Users' Privacy Concern, Vigilance, and Exposure to Risk

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Smith ◽  
Francis Mendez ◽  
Garry L. White
Keyword(s):  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Privacy Concern ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Security Breaches ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Controlling Variables ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Privacy Risks

A model is developed and tested to explain the relationships among narcissism, privacy concern, vigilance, and exposure to risk on Facebook, with age and gender as controlling variables. Two important constructs are conceptualized and measured in this research. Facebook exposure is defined as the opportunity for privacy and security breaches on Facebook. Facebook vigilance is the extent to which consumers stay focused, attentive, and alert to potential security and privacy risks on Facebook by restricting who can access and post to their Facebook accounts. Data from a survey of 286 adult Facebook users in the U.S. support the hypothesized relationships in the model. Results suggest that narcissism is related to increased Facebook exposure and lower Facebook vigilance, despite greater stated concern for privacy and security. Furthermore, females and younger users have greater risk exposure compared to males and older users. Implications of the findings and future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Facilitators and Barriers to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Disclosures: A Research Update (2000–2016)

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Alaggia ◽  
Delphine Collin-Vézina ◽  
Rusan Lateef
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Therapeutic Services ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Life Course

Identifying and understanding factors that promote or inhibit child sexual abuse (CSA) disclosures has the potential to facilitate earlier disclosures, assist survivors to receive services without delay, and prevent further sexual victimization. Timely access to therapeutic services can mitigate risk to the mental health of survivors of all ages. This review of the research focuses on CSA disclosures with children, youth, and adults across the life course. Using Kiteley and Stogdon’s literature review framework, 33 studies since 2000 were identified and analyzed to extrapolate the most convincing findings to be considered for practice and future research. The centering question asked: What is the state of CSA disclosure research and what can be learned to apply to practice and future research? Using Braun and Clarke’s guidelines for thematic analysis, five themes emerged: (1) Disclosure is an iterative, interactive process rather than a discrete event best done within a relational context; (2) contemporary disclosure models reflect a social–ecological, person-in-environment orientation for understanding the complex interplay of individual, familial, contextual, and cultural factors involved in CSA disclosure; (3) age and gender significantly influence disclosure; (4) there is a lack of a life-course perspective; and (5) barriers to disclosure continue to outweigh facilitators. Although solid strides have been made in understanding CSA disclosures, the current state of knowledge does not fully capture a cohesive picture of disclosure processes and pathways over the life course. More research is needed on environmental, contextual, and cultural factors. Barriers continue to be identified more frequently than facilitators, although dialogical forums are emerging as important facilitators of CSA disclosure. Implications for practice in facilitating CSA disclosures are discussed with recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals Review article: A systematic review and future prospects of flood vulnerability indices

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1513-1530
Author(s):  
Luana Lavagnoli Moreira ◽  
Mariana Madruga de Brito ◽  
Masato Kobiyama
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Flood Vulnerability ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Linear Aggregation ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Uncertainty Analyses ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The City

Abstract. Despite the increasing body of research on flood vulnerability, a review of the methods used in the construction of vulnerability indices is still missing. Here, we address this gap by providing a state-of-art account on flood vulnerability indices, highlighting worldwide trends and future research directions. A total of 95 peer-reviewed articles published between 2002–2019 were systematically analyzed. An exponential rise in research effort is demonstrated, with 80 % of the articles being published since 2015. The majority of these studies (62.1 %) focused on the neighborhood followed by the city scale (14.7 %). Min–max normalization (30.5 %), equal weighting (24.2 %), and linear aggregation (80.0 %) were the most common methods. With regard to the indicators used, a focus was given to socioeconomic aspects (e.g., population density, illiteracy rate, and gender), whilst components associated with the citizen's coping and adaptive capacity were slightly covered. Gaps in current research include a lack of sensitivity and uncertainty analyses (present in only 9.5 % and 3.2 % of papers, respectively), inadequate or inexistent validation of the results (present in 13.7 % of the studies), lack of transparency regarding the rationale for weighting and indicator selection, and use of static approaches, disregarding temporal dynamics. We discuss the challenges associated with these findings for the assessment of flood vulnerability and provide a research agenda for attending to these gaps. Overall, we argue that future research should be more theoretically grounded while, at the same time, considering validation and the dynamic aspects of vulnerability.

The Cultural-Developmental Approach to Moral Psychology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lene Arnett Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Culture Wars ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Future Research Directions

This chapter details the cultural-developmental approach to moral psychology. This conceptual framework lays out life-course “templates” for the three Ethics of Autonomy, Community, and Divinity. These life course trajectories are not fixed but accommodate to cultural variability by addressing: (1) whether or not an Ethic emerges, (2) when it emerges, and (3) the slope and specific characteristics of its development. As described, the formulation of the cultural-developmental approach was based on a large body of long-standing research findings, as well as research with religiously conservative and liberal groups divided by the so-called “culture wars.” Recent research has also extended the cultural-developmental hypotheses and validated new measures of the three Ethics. The conclusion proposes future research directions for moral psychology, and the application of the conceptual idea of cultural-developmental templates to other areas of psychology.

Narcissism as a Predictor of Facebook Users' Privacy Concern, Vigilance, and Exposure to Risk

2019 ◽  
pp. 206-225
Author(s):  
Karen H. Smith ◽  
Francis A. Mendez ◽  
Garry L. White
Keyword(s):  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Privacy Concern ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Security Breaches ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Controlling Variables ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Privacy Risks ◽  
The U.S

A model is developed and tested to explain the relationships among narcissism, privacy concern, vigilance, and exposure to risk on Facebook, with age and gender as controlling variables. Two important constructs are conceptualized and measured in this research. Facebook exposure is defined as the opportunity for privacy and security breaches on Facebook. Facebook vigilance is the extent to which consumers stay focused, attentive, and alert to potential security and privacy risks on Facebook by restricting who can access and post to their Facebook accounts. Data from a survey of 286 adult Facebook users in the U.S. support the hypothesized relationships in the model. Results suggest that narcissism is related to increased Facebook exposure and lower Facebook vigilance, despite greater stated concern for privacy and security. Furthermore, females and younger users have greater risk exposure compared to males and older users. Implications of the findings and future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Workers’ willingness to delay retirement in exchange for temporary paid leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 595-608
Author(s):  
Alfredo Alfageme ◽  
Begoña García-Pastor ◽  
Salvador Seguí-Cosme
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Life Course

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors influencing the willingness to benefit from temporary leave (TL), a life-course policy consisting of the entitlement to temporary paid leaves from work in exchange for delayed retirement. Design/methodology/approach A survey has been conducted amongst the occupied workforce of a medium-sized Spanish town, fairly characteristic of European urban environments in terms of its labour-force composition. The factors predisposing to TL are probed by means of a multivariate analysis (binary logistic regression). The analysis is framed in an age-gender perspective. Findings The noteworthy favourable predisposition towards TL emerging from the survey, mainly for the purposes of caring for children and parents, studying and preparing for a new job, appears mostly influenced by the educational level and by the fact of having or not children, without clear sex variations. Originality/value Notwithstanding the local scope of the survey, its results might orientate future research on TL, which is an emerging policy issue crosscutting several widely recognised social-policy targets within the European Union, such as the extension of working life, lifelong learning and gender equality throughout the life course.

Queering Disability: Exploring the Resilience of Sexual and Gender Minority Persons Living With Disabilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Tameeka Hunter ◽  
Franco Dispenza ◽  
Mary Huffstead ◽  
Mackenzie Suttles ◽  
Zachary Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Identity Concealment ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Participants

This study examined the resilience experiences of 13 sexual and gender minority persons living with disabilities, using phenomenological qualitative methodology. Researchers used in-depth, semi-structured interviews and various trustworthiness standards in the study. Participants endorsed four common resilience maximizers—self-acceptance, advocacy, social support, and a plea for recognition of humanity (an aspirational resilience maximizer)—and three common resilience minimizers—fragmentation, identity concealment, and punishment. Counseling implications and future research directions are also discussed.

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