scholarly journals Leukemia and Periodontal Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Bann AlHazmi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Gingival Hyperplasia ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Spontaneous Bleeding ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Dent Assoc

Leukemia is a malignant neoplasm that arises from hematopoietic cells. leukemia has high prevalence among Saudi and Pakistani populations (6.2% and 4.1% respectively). Dentists should perceive the serious complications of leukemia and its therapies and to manage leukemic patients in dental practice safely and effectively. Oral manifestations of hematological malignancies may represent the initial sign of the underlying hematopoietic disease. 65% of leukemia lesions have some form of oral manifestations. Accordingly, the purpose of this review is to summaries all the general manifestations of Leukemia as well as the oral manifestations to facilitate early diagnosis and referral. Leukemia oral manifestations could be pale mucosa or spontaneous bleeding gingiva or bruising and petechiae in the hard and soft palate. Gingival hyperplasia, ulcerations, and opportunistic infections with Candida albicans and Herpes Viruses can occur in oral mucosa. Dental care for leukemic patients should focus on trauma prevention and meticulous oral hygiene. Antibiotics should be used to prevent and to treat infections (bacterial, virus and fungal infections). Periodontal surgeries like gingivoplasty procedures are considered elective treatments before the diagnosis and or treatment of leukemia and it should not be performed until the patient completes and maintains their antineoplastic treatment. Dentists plays an essential role in the early diagnosis of the leukemia; therefore, they should lead a proper investigation and referral to reach proper diagnosis. KEYWORDS: Gingival Bleeding, Leukemia, Oral Manifestations, Periodontal Surgeries. HOW TO CITE: AlHazmi BA. Leukemia and periodontal health. J Pak Dent Assoc 2021;30(1):61-65

scholarly journals COVID-19: Oral Manifestations-A Dentist's Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. RV1-RV5
Author(s):  
Ruhee Sangha ◽  
Sumanjit ◽  
Ramandeep Sandhu ◽  
Mohit Bansal ◽  
Simran
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Global Pandemic

Covid-19 is a global pandemic disease which has crippled health care system and economics worldwide. According to WHO, an acute respiratory infection, fever and cough are the most valid diagnostic clinical features. Some common orofacial manifestations of this viral infection may contribute to early diagnosis of covid-19 infection. Oral manifestations include olfactory and gustatory disturbances, dry mouth, facial pain, vesicobullous lesions such as erosion, pustule, macule, papule, plaque, pigmentation and depapilliated tongue with whitish areas, hemorrhagic crust, necrosis, swelling and  erythema. The most common sites of involvement in descending order are tongue (38%), labial mucosa (26%), and palate (22%).  Oral lesions are symptomatic in 68% of the cases who test positive for SARS Co-V. Lack of oral hygiene, opportunistic infections, stress, immunosuppression, vasculitis, and hyper-inflammatory response secondary to COVID-19 are the most important predisposing factors for onset of oral lesions in COVID-19 patients.

Synthesis and Biological Activity of 3-(substitutedphenyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine: Part II

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niranjan Kaushik ◽  
Nitin Kumar ◽  
Anoop Kumar ◽  
Vikas Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Mass Spectral Data ◽  
Triazole Derivatives ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Antifungal Properties ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Spectral Data Analysis

Background: Fungal infections are opportunistic infections that become a serious problem to human health. Objective: Considering the antifungal potential of triazole nucleus, the study was carried out with the objective to synthesize some novel triazole derivatives with antifungal potential. Method: 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were synthesized via a two step reaction (reported earlier). The first step involves reaction of substituted benzoic acid with thiocarbohydrazide to form 4-amino-3-(substituted phenyl)-5-mercapto-1, 2, 4-triazole derivatives (1a-1k) while in second step, synthesized compounds (1a-1k) were then subsequently treated with substituted acetophenone to yield substituted (4-methoxyphenyl-7H-[1, 2, 4] triazolo [3, 4-b][1,3,4] thiadiazine derivatives (2a-2k). All synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and Mass spectral data analysis and were screened for their antifungal properties against different fungal strains i.e. Candida tropicalis (ATCC-13803, ATCC-20913), Candida albicans (ATCC-60193), Candida inconspicua (ATCC-16783) and Candida glabrata (ATCC-90030, ATCC-2001). Results: Compound 2d displayed better percentage inhibition (26.29%, 24.81%) than fluconazole (24.44%, 22.96%) against ATCC-16783, ATCC-2001 fungal strains respectively at 100µg/ml. Compound 2f also displayed better percentage inhibition (28.51%) against ATCC-90030 as compared to fluconazone (27.4%) at 200 µg/ml. Similarly, compounds 2e and 2j also exhibited better antifungal properties than fluconazole at 200µg/ml. Compound 2e was found most potent against ATCC13803 (30.37%) and ATCC-90030 (30.37%) fungal strains as compared to fluconazole (28.14%, 27.4%) at 200 µg/ml respectively whereas compound 2j exhibited better antifungal activity (28.51%) against ATCC-60193 than fluconazole (27.7%) at 200 µg/ml. Conclusion: The results were in accordance with our assertions for triazole derivatives, as all compounds displayed moderate to good antifungal activity.

scholarly journals Risk of infection associated with targeted therapies for solid organ and hematological malignancies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204993612198954
Author(s):  
Isabel Ruiz-Camps ◽  
Juan Aguilar-Company
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Increased Risk

Higher risks of infection are associated with some targeted drugs used to treat solid organ and hematological malignancies, and an individual patient’s risk of infection is strongly influenced by underlying diseases and concomitant or prior treatments. This review focuses on risk levels and specific suggestions for management, analyzing groups of agents associated with a significant effect on the risk of infection. Due to limited clinical experience and ongoing advances in these therapies, recommendations may be revised in the near future. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors are associated with a higher rate of infections, including invasive fungal infection, especially in the first months of treatment and in patients with advanced, pretreated disease. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors are associated with an increased risk of Pneumocystis pneumonia and cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation. Venetoclax is associated with cytopenias, respiratory infections, and fever and neutropenia. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors may predispose patients to opportunistic and fungal infections; need for prophylaxis should be assessed on an individual basis. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have been linked to a higher risk of general and opportunistic infections. Breakpoint cluster region-Abelson (BCR-ABL) inhibitors are associated with neutropenia, especially over the first months of treatment. Anti-CD20 agents may cause defects in the adaptative immune response, hypogammaglobulinemia, neutropenia, and hepatitis B reactivation. Alemtuzumab is associated with profound and long-lasting immunosuppression; screening is recommended for latent infections and prevention strategies against CMV, herpesvirus, and Pneumocystis infections. Checkpoint inhibitors (CIs) may cause immune-related adverse events for which prolonged treatment with corticosteroids is needed: prophylaxis against Pneumocystis is recommended.

scholarly journals Patterns of Periodontal Destruction among Smokeless Tobacco Users in a Central Indian Population

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Pradeep S. Anand ◽  
Supriya Mishra ◽  
Deepti Nagle ◽  
Namitha P. Kamath ◽  
Kavitha P. Kamath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Periodontal Destruction ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Oral Hygiene Habits

Background: Findings of studies testing the association between smokeless tobacco (SLT) use and periodontal health have shown varying results in different populations. Considering the high prevalence of SLT use in India, the present study was conducted to understand the pattern of periodontal destruction within different areas of the dentition among SLT users. Methods: Age, gender, oral hygiene habits, the frequency and duration of SLT consumption, the type of SLT product used, and the site of retention of the SLT product in the oral cavity were recorded among 90 SLT users. Probing depth (PD), recession (REC), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) at SLT-associated and non SLT-associated teeth of the mandibular arch were compared based on the site of retention of the SLT product, the type of product used, and the duration of the habit. Results: REC and CAL were significantly higher at the SLT-associated zones compared to non SLT-associated zones and at both interproximal and mid-buccal sites of SLT-associated teeth. Among individuals who had the habit for more than 5 years and also among those who had the habit for 5–10 years, PD, REC, and CAL were significantly higher at SLT-associated teeth than at non SLT-associated teeth. Significantly greater periodontal destruction was observed at SLT-associated teeth among khaini users and gutkha users. Conclusions: Smokeless tobacco consumption resulted in greater destruction of periodontal tissues. The severity of periodontal destruction at SLT-associated sites differed depending on the type of smokeless tobacco used, the site of retention of the SLT, and the duration of the habit.

Global Oral Health Inequalities

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Challacombe ◽  
M. Chidzonga ◽  
M. Glick ◽  
T. Hodgson ◽  
M. Magalhães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Mucosal Involvement

Four oral mucosal infections were identified as Global Oral Health Priorities: (a) HIV and associated viral, bacterial, and fungal infections; (b) tuberculosis; (c) NOMA; and (d) sexually transmitted diseases. Huge global inequalities exist in all four. HIV-associated infections constitute the major challenge. Oral manifestations of AIDS can be specifically diagnostic, indicating a significant role for dentists within health teams. The World Workshops in Oral Health & Disease in AIDS have identified a research program, elements of which are being implemented. Data on oral mucosal involvement in tuberculosis, syphilis, and gonorrhea are incomplete in developed countries and virtually non-existent in low- and middle-income countries, indicating the need for further epidemiological studies. Oral manifestations of tuberculosis and sexually transmitted diseases are largely associated with general health, so action programs should be integrated with agencies treating the systemic diseases. NOMA is very much in the oral health domain. It is a preventable disease associated with malnutrition and unidentified bacterial factors. Prevalence is probably grossly overestimated at present; but nevertheless it constitutes a challenge to the profession, especially in the NOMA belt. Current treatment is surgical, but plans for its eradication should be achievable. The global oral health community, especially the IADR, has a major role to play.

High Prevalence of Fungal Infections in Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Patients in the ICU: The French Multicenter MYCOVID Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Pierre Gangneux ◽  
Eric Dannaoui ◽  
Arnaud Fekkar ◽  
Charles Edouard Luyt ◽  
Francoise Botterel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
High Prevalence

scholarly journals Invasive Fungal Infections in Under-Five Diarrheal Children: Experience from an Urban Diarrheal Disease Hospital

Life ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Nusrat Jahan Shaly ◽  
Mohammed Moshtaq Pervez ◽  
Sayeeda Huq ◽  
Dilruba Ahmed ◽  
Chowdhury Rafiqul Ahsan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Co Morbidity

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are opportunistic, especially in immunocompromised and hospitalized patients. Children with IFIs are more vulnerable to a fatal outcome. For early diagnosis and treatment, knowledge of the spectrum and frequency of IFIs among children is prerequisite. In this prospective observational study, we enrolled 168 children of 2–59 months old of either sex from March 2018 to December 2019 admitted to the Dhaka hospital, icddr,b. Study participants with suspected IFIs were with or without severe acute malnutrition (SAM) along with sepsis/pneumonia and fulfilled any of the following criteria: (i) failure to respond to injectable antibiotics, (ii) development of a late-onset hospital-acquired infection, (iii) needed ICU care for >7 days, (iv) took steroids/antibiotics for >2 weeks before hospitalization, and (v) developed thrush after taking injectable antibiotics. The comparison group included non-SAM (weight-for-length Z score ≥ −2) children with diarrhea and fever <3 days in the absence of co-morbidity. We performed real-time PCR, ELISA, and blood culture for the detection of fungal pathogen. Study group children with SAM, positive ELISA and PCR considered to have a IFIs. In the study group, 15/138 (10.87%) children had IFIs. Among IFIs, invasive candidiasis, aspergillosis, histoplasmosis detected in 6 (4.53%), 11 (7.97%), and 1 (0.72%) children, respectively, and (3/15 [2.17%]) children had both candidiasis and aspergillosis. Children with IFIs more often encountered septic shock (26.7% vs. 4.9%; p = 0.013) and had a higher death rate (46.7% vs. 8.9%; p < 0.001) than those without IFIs. IFIs were independently associated with female sex (OR = 3.48; 95% CI = 1.05, 11.55; p = 0.042) after adjusting for potential confounders. Our findings thus implicate that, malnourished children with septic shock require targeted screening for the early diagnosis and prompt management of IFIs that may help to reduce IFIs related deaths.

scholarly journals Prevalence and structure of foot deformities in primary school children

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
N. I. Averyanova ◽  
V. V. Pristupova ◽  
A. I. Semerikova ◽  
I. L. Starkova
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Foot Deformities ◽  
Main Method ◽  
High Prevalence

Aim. To study the prevalence and structure of deformity of the foot in primary school children (pupils of the 1st- 4th grades). Materials and methods. The study involved 277 children aged 7-10 years. The main method of investigation used was computed plantography by means of electronic baropodometer PadProfessional. Results. Deformity of the foot was detected in 58% of children 65.3% of boys and 52.3% of girls (p 0.05). The following pathology was revealed: platypodia, increase in the load on the calcaneal part of the foot and malposition of the foot. The most common pathology was platypodia diagnosed in 28.2% of children. Conclusions. High prevalence of foot deformities requires their early diagnosis and correction as well as improvement of parents knowledge regarding this problem.

scholarly journals Association of occlusal wear facets in patients with temporomandibular disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1060-1068
Author(s):  
Faazila Fathima ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorder ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Index Data ◽  
Occlusal Wear ◽  
High Prevalence

Occlusal changes were important factors in temporomandibular disorder (TMD). It is of interest to evaluate the association of occlusal wear facets in TMD patients. We used a dataset of 49 patients with and without TMD for this study. Occlusal wear facets were evaluated using Smith and Knight tooth wear index. Data shows that teeth wear was present more in patients with TMD (55%). The age group 26-40 years showed high prevalence of teeth wear (grade1) in TMD patients (P value = 0.034). TMD was present more in females than males. Female (54%) patients with TMD showed more teeth wear compared to males. Most patients with TMD showed posterior teeth wear (61%) than generalized teeth wear. Thus, association was present between occlusal teeth wear and TMD patients especially in the age group of 26-40 years. Hence, proper evaluation of occlusal factors will aid in early diagnosis of TMDs.

Pneumocystis carinii Infection: Evidence for High Prevalence in Normal and Immunosuppressed Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Linda L. Pifer ◽  
Walter T. Hughes ◽  
Sergio Stagno ◽  
Diane Woods
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii Infection ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent

Using Pneumocystis carinii organisms propagated through three passages in embryonic chick epithelial lung cultures, specific antigens and antisera were prepared for use in counterimmunoelectrophoresis and indirect immunofluorescent antibody techniques. These methods proved to be specific and sensitive for the detection of P. carinii antigen and antibody, respectively, in sera, and were applied to the study of cancer patients with P. carinii pneumonitis (PCP), cancer patients without pneumonitis, and normal children. Antigenemia was detected in 95% of patients with PCP, in 15% of cancer patients without pneumonitis, and in none of the normal children tested. In cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of normal infants and children, acquisition of serum antibody to P. carinii was demonstrated to occur progressively with increase in age. By 4 years of age two thirds of the normal children were found to have antibody to P. carinii in titers of 1:16 or greater. These studies indicate that subclinical P. carinii infection is highly prevalent in normal children, analogous to other opportunistic infections where active disease is manifest predominantly in the compromised host.

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