Antagonism of Trichoderma harzianum and Clonostachys rosea against fungi associated with grapevine decline in Kurdistan region - Iraq

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raed Haleem ◽  
Khadeja Saedo ◽  
Samir Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Grapevine Decline

scholarly journals اختبار التضاد الفطري بين الفطرين الاحيائيين Trichoderma harzianum وT.viride وبعض الفطريات الصائدة للنيماتود على الاوساط الصلبة

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 266-276
Author(s):  
علي عبدالواحد قاسم ◽  
أنفال عبدالرزاق الرحيماوي
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Arthrobotrys Oligospora ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea

تم اختبار القدرة التضادية بين الفطرين الأحيائيين Trichoderma harzianum وT. viride  مع سبعة أنواع من الفطريات الصائدة للنيماتود (Arthrobotrys oligospora و A.conoides و A.eudermata و A.thaumasia و A.microcaphoides و A.cookedichison و Clonostachys rosea) على الوسطين وسط بطاطا - دكستروز- أكار (PDA) ووسط أكار- خلاصة الذرة (CMA). أظهرت النتائج ان الفطرين T. harzianum و T. viride يمتلكان قدرة تضادية عالية ضد الفطريات الصائدة للنيماتود المختبرة ، ووجد ان الفطر T. harzianum له تضاد ضد الفطريات الصائدة المختبرة أفضل من الفطر T.viride ، وبينت الدراسة ان الفطرين  T.harzianumو T.viride لهما درجة تضاد 1، 2، 3 حسب مقياس Bell et al., (1982). كانت أكثر درجة تضاد هي 2 للفطرين T. harzianum و T. viride مع أغلب الفطريات المدروسة على الوسطين CMA وPDA. أظهرت النتائج انه لا يوجد اختلاف واضح في درجة التضاد عند استخدام الوسطين الزرعيين CMA وPDA عدا بعض الفطريات التي كان تضادها اختلف بين الوسطين الزرعيين. ولوحظ ان الفطر T. harzianum كانت درجة تضاده 1 مع الفطر  A. conoidesوعلى الوسطين CMA و PDA والفطر  A.thaumasia على الوسط CMA، في حين ان الفطر T.viride اعطى نفس الدرجة مع الفطر A.eudermata على الوسط PDA

scholarly journals Identification and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeria parva associated with grapevine decline in Kurdistan region - Iraq

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raed A. Haleem ◽  
Samir K. Abdullah ◽  
Jaladet M. S. Jubrael
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Spore Suspension ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Grapevine Decline ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year

During a survey on fungi associated with decline symptoms on grapevine cultivars growing in Kurdistan region of Iraq, several isolates of <i>Botryosphaeria</i> species were encountered. All isolates were identified as <i>Botryosphaeria parva</i> Pennycook and Samuels. Pathogenicity test for isolate DKI 1 was performed on two cultivars, Taefi and Rashmew. Under greenhouse conditions, one-year grape rooted cuttings were inoculated with the pathogen isolate by two methods, injecting the spore suspension into the green shoots and by artificial inoculation of wounded shoots with mycelial mat. The highest canker length (15.0 mm) was produced after four months on the shoots of the Taife cultivar artificially inoculated with mycelial mat of the pathogen. Under field conditions, two methods of inoculation were adopted, wounding the green shoots and drilling a hole in the arms of mature vine, followed by inoculation with mycelial mat. The highest canker length (11.17 mm) was obtained after 5 months on wounded shoots of the Rashmew cultivar and with a significant difference from the Taefi cultivar. The pathogen caused a reduction in fresh and dry weight of green shoots and roots compared with the non-inoculated control. This is the first report on <i>B. parva</i> in Iraq.

scholarly journals Effect of the mycoflora of ergot (Claviceps purpurea)sclerotia on their viability

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ondřej ◽  
B. Cagaš ◽  
E. Ondráčková
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Trichoderma Hamatum ◽  
Total Destruction ◽  
One Year

Twenty fungal species were isolated from sclerotia of ergot (Claviceps purpurea) originating from rye. In in vitro tests with the anamorphic stage of ergot (known as Sphacelia segetum) high mycoparasitic activity was exhibited only by two of them &ndash; Clonostachys rosea and Trichoderma harzianum, moderate mycoparasitic activity was detected in Ulocladium sp., Clonostachys catenulata, Trichoderma hamatum, and Trichothecium roseum. In in vitro tests of mycoparasitic activity with sclerotia of the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum their rapid and total destruction was brought about only by the fungi Clonostachys rosea and Trichoderma harzianum. The viability of overwintering ergot sclerotia in the soil was influenced by their placement, age, depth of placement and treatment with a conidial suspension of the fungus Clonostachys rosea. The highest viability values were reported in fresh one-year-old sclerotia. In two-year-old sclerotia their viability was reduced and their sensitivity to microbial activity was higher. The sclerotia aged 3 years or more did not germinate and were all microbiologically degraded in the soil. More than 80% of degradation of sclerotia which were 1 to 2 years old was caused by the fungus Clonostachys rosea. The degradation of sclerotia aged 3 to 4 years was brought about by bacteria, soil edafauna (mites, nematodes) and fungi of the genera Trichoderma, Fusarium, Clonostachys, etc.

scholarly journals Efecto in vitro de controladores biológicos sobre Colletotrichum spp. y Botrytis spp.

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Malluri Goñas Goñas ◽  
Leidy Gheraldinne Bobadilla Rivera ◽  
Jesús Rascón ◽  
Nora Y. Vera Obando
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp

<p>La presente investigación, realizada en el Laboratorio de Investigación de Entomología y Fitopatología de la Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, tuvo el objetivo de evaluar el efecto in vitro de cuatro controladores biológicos (Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, T. asperellum y Clonostachys rosea) frente a los hongos patógenos Colletotrichum spp. y Botrytis spp. Se utilizó la metodología de cultivos duales, que consiste en enfrentar el enemigo biológico en un extremo de una placa Petri y el hongo patógeno en el otro. Se establecieron seis tratamientos que incluyeron un testigo absoluto y un testigo químico (propineb 1000 ppm) por patógeno, con cinco repeticiones por tratamiento. Se logró el aislamiento de los fitopatógenos Colletotrichum spp., agente causal de la antracnosis del mango, y Botrytis spp., agente causal de la rancha en azucenas. Al comparar el crecimiento radial cada 24 horas, se encontró que 96 horas después del enfrentamiento, las cepas de Trichoderma inhibieron el crecimiento radial de los patógenos, diferenciándose significativamente del testigo absoluto. Al evaluar el porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento radial (PICR) en Botrytis spp., las cepas de Trichoderma spp. presentaron mayor PICR, sin embargo, no presentaron diferencias significativas con el testigo químico. En Colletotricum spp., las cepas de Trichoderma spp. presentaron mayor PICR, y además diferencias significativas estadísticas con el testigo químico. Finalmente, cabe destacar que la cepa de C. rosea no inhibió el crecimiento radial de los patógenos, mostrando los PICR más bajos.</p>

Rekindling the Flame: Zoroastrianism in Iraqi Kurdistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-188
Author(s):  
Samme Dick
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Organisational Structure ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Legislative Change ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
The World ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
New Religion

This article examines the emergence of Zoroastrianism in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq since 2015 as a new religion inspired by Kurdish nationalism, feminism, ecologism and humanism. The author argues that the emergence of Zoroastrianism at this particular time is due to a combination of the rise of the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant in 2014, legislative change and the importance some Kurdish nationalists historically attached to Zoroastrianism as the suggested original religion of the Kurds. The article outlines the historical context of Zoroastrianism in Kurdistan, and then explores the origins, beliefs and organisational structure of Kurdish Zoroastrianism. Also discussed are the legislative changes enabling the rise of the movement since 2015. This study draws on interviews with Kurdish Zoroastrian leaders as well as with representatives from the World Zoroastrian Organization, the Kurdistan Regional Government’s Ministry of Endowments and Religious Affairs and the Alliance of Iraqi Minorities.ABSTRACT IN KURMANJIJi nû ve pêxistina agir: Baweriya Zerduştî li Kurdistana IraqêEv gotar, li ser peydabûna Zerduştiyê li Herêma Kurdistanê ya Iraqê hûr dibe, ku ji 2015an vir ve wek dînekî nû yê ji netewegeriya kurd, femînîzm, ekolojîzm û humanîzmê îlham wergirtî tê dîtin. Nivîskar îddia dike ku peydabûna Zerduştiyê ya bi taybetî wê demê ji ber hejmareke sedeman e: di 2014an de peydabûn û xurtbûna Dewleta Îslamî li Iraqê û Levantê, guherîna qanûnî û girîngiya nêrîna hin netewegerên kurd ku ji aliyê dîrokî Zerduştiyê wek dînê resen ê kurdan dibînin. Gotar, çarçoveya dîrokî ya Zerduştiyê li Kurdistanê bi kurtî rave dike û paşê li kok, bawerî û avahiya rêxistinî ya Zerduştiya kurdî dikole. Ji hêleke din, nîqaş dike ku guherînên hiqûqî ji 2015an vir ve rê li ber xurtbûna tevgerê vekiriye. Ev xebat xwe dispêre hevpeyvînên bi rêberên Zerduştiyên kurd re ligel hin şandeyên ji Rêxistina Zerduştiyan a Cîhanê, Wezareta Bexş û Karên Dînî ya Hikumeta Herêma Kurdistanê û Hevpeymaniya Kêmîneyên Iraqê.ABSTRACT IN SORANIGeşandinewey agireke: Zerdeştêtî le Kurdistanî ÊraqdaEm babete timaşay rewşî  wediyarkewtinî Zerdeştêtî dekat le Kurdistanî Êraqda, le sall 2010da wek ayînêkî nwê debînrêt ke le netewegerîy kurdî, fêmênîzm, jîngeparêzî û mirovparêzî îlham werdegirêt. Nûser bangeşey ewe dekat ke derkewtinî Zerdeştêtî lem kateda ke Dewlletî Îslamî Da'îş le Şam û Êraq le 2013 ser helldeda û be yasa rêgey pê dedirêt, şitêkî giringe  bo gerranewey kurd bo  ayînî neteweyî xoy wek ewey ke hendêk kurdî neteweperist  basî deken.  Babeteke rîşey mêjûyî Zerdeştêtî le Kurdistan nîşan dedat, herwaş rîşey  bawerr û binaẍey damezrawey Zerdeştêtî dedate ber roşnayî. Dîsan guftugoy gorranî yasa lew bareyewe bote hoyî derkewtinî em ayîne le 2015da. Em babete legell serok û bawerrdaranî Zerdeştîy le Kurdistan û damezrawey Zerdeştîyanî cîhanî û legell wezaretî karubarî ayînî le ḧukumetî herêmî Kurdistan û damezrawey kemînekanî Êraqda çawpêkewtinî encam dawe.ABSTRACT IN ZAZAKINewe ra geşkerdişê adirî: Kurdîstanê Îraqî de zerduştîyeNa meqale qayîtê zerduştîye kena ke sey bawerîya newîye serra 2015î ra nat Herêmê Kurdîstanî yê Îraqî de vejîyaye û hetê neteweperwerîya kurdan, femînîzm, dorûverperwerîye û merdimperwerîye ra îlham girewt. Nuştox musneno ke vejîyayîşê zerduştî yê ê demî çend sebeban ra qewimîya: hêzdarbîyayîşê DAÎŞ yê serra 2014î, vurîyayîşê qanûnî û tayê neteweperwerê kurdan ê ke tarîx de giranî daye zerduştîye ser ke aye sey dînê kurdan o eslî pêşnîyaz bikerê. Na meqale xulasaya kontekstê tarîxî yê zerduştîya Kurdîstanî dana û dima esl, bawerî û awanîya rêxistinan yê zerduştîya kurdan ser o cigêrayîş kena. Ser o kî vurîyayîşê qanûnî munaqeşe benê. Nê vurîyayîşî serra 2015î ra nat vejîyayîşê tevger kerd mumkîn. No cigêrayîş roportajanê bi serekanê kurdan ê zerduştîye û bi temsîlkaranê Rêxistina Zerduştîyan a Dinya, Wezaretê Ewqaf û Kar û Barê Dînî yê hukmatê Herêmê Kurdîstanî û Yewîya Eqalîyetanê Îraqî esas gêno

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