scholarly journals National Beef Quality Audit–2016: Transportation, mobility, live cattle, and carcass assessments of targeted producer-related characteristics that affect value of market cows and bulls, their carcasses, and associated by-products1

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Harris ◽  
L. C. Eastwood ◽  
C. A. Boykin ◽  
A. N. Arnold ◽  
K. B. Gehring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
The United States ◽  
Beef Quality ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Quality Audit ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Space Requirements

Abstract The National Beef Quality Audit–2016 marks the fourth iteration in a series assessing the quality of live beef and dairy cows and bulls and their carcass counterparts. The objective was to determine the incidence of producer-related defects, and report cattle and carcass traits associated with producer management. Conducted from March through December of 2016, trailers (n = 154), live animals (n = 5,470), hide-on carcasses (n = 5,278), and hide-off hot carcasses (n = 5,510) were surveyed in 18 commercial packing facilities throughout the United States. Cattle were allowed 2.3 m2 of trailer space on average during transit indicating some haulers are adhering to industry handling guidelines for trailer space requirements. Of the mixed gender loads arriving at processing facilities, cows and bulls were not segregated on 64.4% of the trailers surveyed. When assessed for mobility, the greatest majority of cattle surveyed were sound. Since the inception of the quality audit series, beef cows have shown substantial improvements in muscle. Today over 90.0% of dairy cows are too light muscled. The mean body condition score for beef animals was 4.7 and for dairy cows and bulls was 2.6 and 3.3, respectively. Dairy cattle were lighter muscled, yet fatter than the dairy cattle surveyed in 2007. Of cattle surveyed, most did not have horns, nor any visible live animal defects. Unbranded hides were observed on 77.3% of cattle. Carcass bruising was seen on 64.1% of cow carcasses and 42.9% of bull carcasses. However, over half of all bruises were identified to only be minor in severity. Nearly all cattle (98.4%) were free of visible injection-site lesions. Current results suggest improvements have been made in cattle and meat quality in the cow and bull sector. Furthermore, the results provide guidance for continued educational and research efforts for improving market cow and bull beef quality.

Postpartum anovulatory intervals in two genotypes of pasture-fed Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
L.R. McNaughton ◽  
G.A. Verkerk ◽  
T.J. Parkinson ◽  
B. Dow ◽  
K.A. Macdonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Genetic Strains ◽  
American Genetic

In pasture-based dairying systems it is important to maintain a 365-day calving interval, which requires that cows have a rapid resumption of postpartum ovulatory activity and high conception rates. The major form of infertility in New Zealand (NZ) dairy cows is an extended postpartum anovulatory interval (ppai; Macmillan, 2002), a problem that can be exacerbated by low body condition score (BCS) at calving (McDougall, 1995). Furthermore, Holstein cows, originating from North American genetic strains (Overseas; OS), which have been widely used in NZ in recent years, have longer intervals to first mating and conceive later than do NZ strains, suggesting a possible delay in the initiation of postpartum cyclicity (Harris and Winkleman, 2000). Worldwide, there is concern over an apparent decline in the fertility of Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle (Butler et al., 1995; Royal et al., 2000). The purpose of this trial was to determine whether there was a difference in ppai and BCS between NZ and OS Holstein Friesians that may affect reproductive performance.

scholarly journals Frequencies and severity of injection-site lesions in muscles from rounds of cow carcasses

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
Morgan M Pfeiffer ◽  
Gretchen G Mafi ◽  
Ranjith Ramanathan ◽  
Taylor M Neilson ◽  
Deborah L VanOverbeke
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Injection Site ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
The United States ◽  
Beef Quality ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
Beef Quality Assurance

Abstract The frequency and severity of injection-site lesions in the outside round muscles of both beef and dairy cattle were evaluated through a series of audits. Audits were conducted in 2017 on 1,300 rounds from dairy and beef cows from seven locations throughout the United States. Outside round muscles were butterfly cut into 1.25-cm slices and, if present, lesions were counted, measured, and categorized. Rounds from beef (7%) and dairy cattle (15%) had at least one injection-site lesion present. The most common location of injection-site lesions was quadrant 2 and 3, which contained both the biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles. Injection-site lesions were more frequent (P < 0.05) in the biceps femoris for both beef and dairy rounds. Clear lesions accounted for 57% of injection-sites in both beef and dairy rounds, whereas metallic lesions made up 23% of the total in beef and 25% in dairy. Overall, there was a dramatic decline in the frequency (P < 0.05) of injection-site lesions since the 1998 (24 and 45 percentage units greater in beef and dairy rounds, respectively) and 2000 audits (13 and 20 percentage units greater in beef and dairy rounds, respectively). Educational programs, such as Beef Quality Assurance (BQA) and requirements for BQA training, have resulted in substantial improvements in beef management practices for both the beef and dairy industries.

12 THE EFFECT OF PROGESTERONE CONTENT IN A VAGINAL INSERT ON PREGNANCY RATES IN BEEF AND DAIRY CATTLE INSEMINATED AT FIXED TIME

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
L. Cutaia ◽  
M. Aviles ◽  
F. Feresin ◽  
A. Franzoni ◽  
L. Peres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Chi Square Test

Three experiments were conducted to compare pregnancy rates in cows and heifers treated with intravaginal progesterone (P4)-releasing devices impregnated with either 0.5 or 1.0 g of P4 and inseminated at a fixed time (FTAI). In Experiment 1, 102 postpartum beef cows (Hereford and Angus crossbred with Tuli, 60 to 90 d postpartum) with a body condition score (BCS) of 2.5 to 3.0 (1 to 5 scale) were used. On Day 0, all cows received 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB; Syntex, Argentina) i.m. and were randomly assigned to receive an intravaginal progesterone-releasing device with 0.5 g of P4 (DIB 0.5 g; Syntex) or 1.0 g of P4 (DIB 1.0 g; Syntex). On Day 7, DIB devices were removed and all cows received 150 µg D(+)cloprostenol (Ciclase; Syntex) i.m. On Day 8, all cows received 1 mg EB and were FTAI 52 to 56 h after DIB removal. In Experiment 2, 93 Holstein cows that were 90 to 110 days in milk (DIM), producing on average 5000 kg of milk per lactation and with a BCS of 2.5 to 3.0 received the same treatments as those in Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, 100 Holstein heifers, 20 to 22 months old, with a BCS of 2.5 to 3.0, also received the same treatments as those in Experiment 1. Pregnancy rates in all experiments were determined by ultrasonography 35 days after FTAI and compared by chi-square test. No differences in pregnancy rates were detected between lactating beef cows, dairy cows, or dairy heifers treated with DIB devices impregnated with 0.5 or 1.0 g of P4 (Table 1). It was concluded that vaginal P4 releasing devices impregnated with 0.5 g or 1.0 g of P4 results in comparable pregnancy rates in FTAI protocols in beef and dairy cattle. Table 1. Pregnancy rates in postpartum beef cows, Holstein cows, and Holstein heifers treated with DIB devices impregnated with 0.5 or 1.0 g of P4 and subjected to FTAI

scholarly journals National Beef Quality Audit–2016: assessment of cattle hide characteristics, offal condemnations, and carcass traits to determine the quality status of the market cow and bull beef industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
McKensie K Harris ◽  
L Clay Eastwood ◽  
Courtney A Boykin ◽  
Ashley N Arnold ◽  
Kerri B Gehring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cows ◽  
The United States ◽  
Beef Quality ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Predominantly Black ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Quality Audit ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Value Loss ◽  
Quality Status

Abstract To continue the series that began in 1994, the National Beef Quality Audit (NBQA) – 2016 was conducted to quantify the quality status of the market cow and bull beef sector, as well as determine improvements made in the beef and dairy industry since 2007. The NBQA-2016 was conducted from March through December of 2016, and assessed hide-on carcasses (n = 5,278), chilled carcasses (n = 4,285), heads (n = 5,720), and offal items (n = 4,800) in 18 commercial processing facilities throughout the United States. Beef cattle were predominantly black-hided; 68.0% of beef cows and 67.2% of beef bulls possessed a black hide. Holstein was the predominant type of dairy animal observed. Just over half (56.0%) of the cattle surveyed had no mud contamination on the hide, and when mud was present, 34.1% of cattle only had small amounts. Harvest floor assessments found 44.6% of livers, 23.1% of lungs, 22.3% of hearts, 20.0% of viscera, 8.2% of heads, and 5.9% of tongues were condemned. Liver condemnations were most frequently due to abscess presence. In contrast, contamination was the primary reason for condemnation of all other offal items. Of the cow carcasses surveyed, 17.4% carried a fetus at the time of harvest. As expected, mean carcass weight and loin muscle area values observed for bulls were heavier and larger than cows. The marbling scores represented by cull animal carcasses were most frequently slight and traces amounts. Cow carcasses manifested a greater amount of marbling on average than bull carcasses. The predominant fat color score showed all carcasses surveyed had some level of yellow fat. Only 1.3% of carcasses exhibited signs of arthritic joints. Results of the NBQA-2016 indicate there are areas in which the beef and dairy industries have improved and areas that still need attention to prevent value loss in market cows and bulls.

scholarly journals EVALUASI DAN NILAI MANFAAT EKONOMI ATAS PROGRAM UPAYA KHUSUS SAPI INDUKAN WAJIB BUNTING (UPSUS SIWAB) PADA TERNAK SAPI PERAH DI KABUPATEN GARUT

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1113
Author(s):  
Achmad Firman ◽  
Lilis Nurlina ◽  
Anita Fitriani
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
C Value

This study aims to evaluate the implementation and economic benefit value of UPSUS SIWAB) in dairy cattle in Garut Regency. The evaluations included body condition score (BCS), service per conception (S/C), and the economic benefit value of the UPSUS SIWAB program on dairy cattle businesses in Garut Regency. Determination of sample location was done purposively with the consideration that the area is adaptive to dairy cattle business. The selected sub-districts are Cikajang, Cilawu and Bayongbong. The results showed that 46.9% of dairy cows were thin and very thin, the S/C value was 1.7, and the estimated value of economic benefits was Rp 172,200,000.

Genetic correlations among body condition score, body weight, and fertility in dairy cows

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 55-55
Author(s):  
D. P. Berry ◽  
F. Buckley ◽  
P. Dillon ◽  
R. D. Evans ◽  
M. Rath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Indicator Traits ◽  
Fertility Traits

Interest is accruing in indicator traits as predictors of fertility which: 1) can be more easily recorded; 2) can be measured early in life; and, 3) possess a co-heritability that is larger than the heritability of the fertility traits. Potentially interesting indicator traits include body condition score (BCS) and body weight (BW). The objective of this study was to estimate genetic (co) variances between BCS, BCS change, BW, BW change, and fertility traits in dairy cattle.

scholarly journals Effects of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA) on Epidemiological and Clinicopathological Parameters of Dairy Cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nawid Mirzad ◽  
Mohammad Hussain Haidary ◽  
M. Nasim Sohail ◽  
Mohammad Nasim Sahab ◽  
Hamidullah Alizada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Mean

Background: Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is one of the most important metabolic disease of dairy cattle which decrease milk production, dry matter intake, productivity and increase culling rate and even cause death.Methods: In this study the epidemiological status of SARA namely age, breed, stage of lactation, lactation number, general health condition, body condition score, daily milk production, milk fat content and biochemical alteration were investigated.Result: Out of 100 cows examined 20 were found to be positive for SARA and the mean age of dairy cows suffering from SARA was found to be 6.53 ±0.68 years. The prevalence of SARA was 70 and 30 per cent in Jersey and HF breed of cows respectively and was high in mid lactation and the lactation number ranged from 2 to 6. 65 per cent. SARA affected cows were in poor body condition score, milk production and milk fat content was significantly low (P≤ 0.05). The mean GGT (Gamma Glutamyl Transferase) and AST (Asparate aminotransferase) values were significantly increased in SARA affected dairy cows. SARA seems to be a common problem in dairy cattle and it has to be considered when dealing with herd level problems like low milk fat, low milk production, poor body condition and appropriate management measures should be implemented to prevent it.

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