scholarly journals Assessment of risk factors contributing to carcass bruising in fed cattle at commercial slaughter facilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Lee ◽  
C. D. Reinhardt ◽  
S. J. Bartle ◽  
C. I. Vahl ◽  
M. Siemens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Variables

Abstract Cattle injuries can occur during transportation due to vehicle design, transport conditions, and loading or unloading procedures and lead to carcass bruising and economic loss due to decreased carcass value. The objectives of this study were to determine whether a relationship exists between trauma incurred during unloading and prevalence of carcass bruising in finished beef cattle at commercial slaughter facilities and determine related risk factors which contribute to both trauma and carcass bruising. Breed (classified as either Holstein cattle or beef breeds), sex, distance traveled, and trailer type (“fat/feeder combination” vs. “fat” trailer) were considered risk factors which may contribute to traumatic event prevalence. When carcass bruise prevalence within each lot was used as the dependent variable, breed, sex, distance traveled, traumatic event prevalence, ribeye area, fat thickness, yield grade, and average carcass weight were considered potential risk factors. Carcass bruises were categorized by location and size, according to the Harvest Audit Program Carcass Bruise Scoring System. Traumatic events were observed while cattle exited trailers onto the unloading docks, and were categorized by location on the animal. Average traumatic event prevalence per lot was 20.4% (± 1.11%). Average carcass bruise prevalence by lot was 68.2% (± 1.15%). There was an interaction between breed and trailer type when multiple linear regression was used to explore variables contributing to traumatic events observed at unloading (P ≤ 0.05). Traumatic events were not associated with prevalence of carcass bruising, while average carcass weight and breed were associated with carcass bruising prevalence. Carcass bruising was more prevalent in Holstein cattle than in cattle which were predominantly beef breeds (P ≤ 0.01). Average carcass weight was negatively associated with carcass bruise prevalence (P ≤ 0.05). The association between traumatic events at unloading and carcass bruising is not significant when multiple variables are considered, indicating that bruising may occur at numerous other points prior to and during the transportation process, including loading and transport, and that other variables can contribute to carcass bruise prevalence. These areas should be explored to determine all potential causes of bruising in beef carcasses, and to help implement prevention practices.

scholarly journals Reasons for Tooth Extractions and Related Risk Factors in Adult Patients: A Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2575
Author(s):  
Pier Carmine Passarelli ◽  
Stefano Pagnoni ◽  
Giovan Battista Piccirillo ◽  
Viviana Desantis ◽  
Michele Benegiamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Practice Methods ◽  
Tooth Extractions

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate oral status, the reasons for tooth extractions and related risk factors in adult patients attending a hospital dental practice. Methods: 120 consecutive patients ranging from 23 to 91 years in age (mean age of 63.3 ± 15.8) having a total of 554 teeth extracted were included. Surveys about general health status were conducted and potential risk factors such as smoking, diabetes and age were investigated. Results: a total of 1795 teeth were missing after extraction procedures and the mean number of remaining teeth after the extraction process was 16.8 ± 9.1 per patient. Caries (52.2%) was the most common reason for extraction along with periodontal disease (35.7%). Males were more prone to extractions, with 394 of the teeth extracted out of the total of 554 (71.1%). Male sex (β = 2.89; 95% CI 1.26, 4.53; p = 0.001) and smoking habit (β = 2.95; 95% CI 1.12, 4.79; p = 0.002) were related to a higher number of teeth extracted. Age (β = −0.24; 95% CI −0.31, −0.16; p < 0.001) and diabetes (β = −4.47; 95% CI −7.61, −1.33; p = 0.006) were related to a higher number of missing teeth at evaluation time. Moreover, periodontal disease was more common as a reason of extraction among diabetic patients than among non-diabetic ones (p = 0.04). Conclusions: caries and periodontal disease were the most common causes of extraction in a relatively old study population: further screening strategies might be required for the early interception of caries and periodontal disease.

Potential risk factors of pneumonitis associated with consolidation pembrolizumab after chemoradiation in unresectable NSCLC patients.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 167-167
Author(s):  
Shahid Sattar Ahmed ◽  
Greg Andrew Durm ◽  
John Donatelli ◽  
Huan Yao ◽  
Yongmei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Unresectable Stage ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Ecog Ps ◽  
Nsclc Patients

167 Background: We have previously shown that consolidation pembrolizumab after chemoradiation is safe in a 93 patient-clinical trial of unresectable stage III NSCLC patients (Durm, ASCO 2016). However 15 patients (16%) developed grade ≥2 pneumonitis. There is limited data on risk factors for developing pneumonitis in this population. We conducted a retrospective review of these patients to identify potential clinical, biologic, radiographic and radiation treatment related risk factors for developing pneumonitis. Methods: We evaluated ECOG PS, age, gender, smoking status, stage, histology, chemo regimen, consolidation chemotherapy, TILs, PDL-1 status, PFTs, PET SUVs, grade of pre-existing ILD, COPD and Radiation dosimetry plans. Logistic regression and fisher’s-exact test were used for the odds ratio and p-values. Results: See Table. [1] [1] Age, histology, stage, chemo, PFTs, SUVs and PDL1 were not significant [2] n = sample size p = pneumonitis [3] Moderate/severe COPD was not seen in any patients with pneumonitis despite 94% of participants being smokers. Conclusions: This preliminary report highlights the utility of a multi-disciplinary approach to develop risk-stratification models for pneumonitis in an at-risk patient population. However larger prospective studies are needed to validate their meaningful use in the clinical setting.[Table: see text]

Epidemiologic Study of Infant Botulism in Pennsylvania: Report of the Infant Botulism Study Group

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 928-934
Author(s):  
Sarah S. Long
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Infant Botulism ◽  
Low Prevalence

The majority of the almost 400 confirmed cases of infant botulism in the United States have occurred in California, Pennsylvania, and Utah. In Pennsyvania, 44 of 53 (83%) cases occurred within a geographic area of Southeastern Pennsylvania which represents one tenth of the Commonwealth's area and one third of the population at risk for infant botulism. In Southeastern Pennsylvania, a map of the residences of cases circumscribes a discrete ring around Philadelphia. A case-control study performed to seek host-related risk factors, identifies the significant associations of botulism with infants who are white, breast-fed, and born at term into two-parent families with hospitalization insurance. County control studies were performed to identify differences in host-related factors between areas of high and low prevalence of botulism. Although some "protection" could be afforded Philadelphia infants by their feeding and family characteristics, the differences in case rates between Philadelphia and the botulism "ring counties" cannot be explained entirely by host-related factors. Further, the absence of botulism in counties just outside of the botulism "ring," where infants were found to have identical potential risk factors, suggests that an uneven distribution of botulinal spores in the environment is the most significant determinant of case rate.

Risk Factors of Composite Attachment Loss During Orthodontic Clear Aligner Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaosen Chen ◽  
Mohamed AM ◽  
WANG Jinbo ◽  
ZHENG Ziwei ◽  
Maher Al-balaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Attachment Loss ◽  
Wear Time ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Clear Aligner

Abstract Background The composite attachment loss during orthodontic clear aligner therapy is an adverse event that commonly happens in our daily practice. However, there is a lack of related statistical analysis, and studies analyzing the related risk factors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the incidence of attachment loss during orthodontic clear aligner therapy and to identify rick factors that may predict such event.Methods The demographics and clinical variables of 94 patients undergoing clear aligner therapy (27 males and 67 females; average age: 27.60± 0.86 years) were recorded. Both patient-related and tooth-related attachment loss was recorded. The chi-square test and logistic regressive analysis were applied to identify the potential risk factors. SPSS for Mac (version 23.0, IBM, USA) was used for statistical analyses. P＜0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Our study suggested that the risk factors for attachment loss include: frequent aligner removal (>= 5 times a day) (losing rate=60.0%, P=0.005); aligner wear time less than 18 hours a day (losing rate=50.8%, P=0.014); eating without aligners inserted (losing rate=47.9%, P=0.034); utilizing aligner tray seaters (losing rate=48.2%, P=0.006) and unilateral mastication (losing rate=52.1%, P=0.002). The multivariable logistic regression analysis indicates that aligner wear time less than 18 hours a day (P=0.020, B=0.925), using aligner tray seaters (P=0.007, B=1.168) and unilateral mastication (P=0.034, B=-0.458) were considered independent factors that can predict the composite attachment loss in orthodontic clear aligner therapy.Conclusion Wearing aligner less than 18 hours a day, using aligner tray seaters and unilateral mastication may contribute to increased incidence of composite attachment loss during orthodontic clear aligner therapy.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Community-Based Osteoporosis and Associated Fractures in Beijing: Study Protocol for a Cross-Sectional and Prospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menghua Sun ◽  
Yili Zhang ◽  
Hao Shen ◽  
Kai Sun ◽  
Baoyu Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Community Data

Background: Osteoporosis (OP) patients are usually asymptomatic until osteoporotic fractures occur, which makes early diagnosis and prevention difficult, and the associated fractures secondary to OP could be preventable with appropriate management. Therefore, early identification and relevant evidence-based management of OP could guide the prevention of subsequent fractures. This study will investigate the prevalence of OP and the incidence of osteoporotic fractures in Beijing community residents to further explore the related risk factors and put forward suggestions for people aged 45–80 years old.Methods: Over 2 years, this study will conduct an OP screening and a prospective follow-up in the Beijing community to investigate the incidence of osteoporotic fractures. The study will undertake bone mineral density detection, collect biological samples, and record information via questionnaires.Discussion: The study aims to investigate the potential risk factors for osteoporosis and explore syndromes from traditional Chinese medicine that are associated with this condition based on large samples from the Beijing community. Data on the incidence of osteoporotic fractures among community dwellers in Beijing over the two-years will be available on the Chinese clinical trial registry: ChiCTR-SOC-17013090.

scholarly journals Neutrophil Percentage and Neutrophil-to-Monocyte Ratio as Independent Risk Factors in the Severity of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Peng ◽  
Si Lei ◽  
Chenfang Wu ◽  
Bo Yu ◽  
Yanjun Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
White Blood Count ◽  
Neutrophil Percentage ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract BackgroundInflammation plays an important role in progression of the various viral pneumonia containing COVID-19, severe inflammatory responses could lead to an imbalance of immune response. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of the white blood count, neutrophil percentage, neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio (NMR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) at admission to reflect the clinical severity in patients with COVID‐19.MethodsClinical and laboratory data of adult COVID-19 patients in Changsha, China, were collected and analyzed on admission. A logistic regression model was adopted to analyze the association between the disease severity and related risk factors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was utilized to analyze the abilities of potential risk factors in the prediction of COVID-19 severity.ResultsCompared with non-severe patients, the severe ones had significantly higher levels of neutrophil percentage (74.9% vs. 62.1%; P < 0.001), NLR (4.1 vs. 2.1; P < 0.001) and NMR (12.4 vs. 8.0; P < 0.001). A regression analysis showed that neutrophil percentage (OR,1.113; 95% CI, 1.020-1.213; P=0.016) and NMR (OR, 1.110; 95% CI, 1.002-1.230; P = 0.046) were significantly associated with severity of COVID-19 patients. ROC curve showed that the area under the curves of neutrophil percentage, NMR and the combination of them were 0.842 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.782-0.902), 0.790 (95% CI, 0.710-0.871) and 0.851 (95% CI, 0.790-0.911), respectively.ConclusionsNeutrophil percentage and NMR may act as independent risk factors in the severity of COVID-19.

Patient, Disease, and Drug-Related Risk Factors Associated with Phenytoin-Induced Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions in South Indian Epileptic Patients.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shobana John ◽  
T.C. Vijay Anand ◽  
Chonlaphat Sukasem ◽  
Bhutorn Canyuk ◽  
Sutthiporn Pattharachayakul
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
Multiple Variables

Background: Phenytoin is the most commonly reported aromatic Anti-Epileptic Drug (AED) to cause Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions (CADRs). Cutaneous adverse drug reactions may be immune or non-immune mediated. It has been observed that predisposition is multifactorial and that gene mutations alone cannot be the cause. Objectives: In this study, we investigated the patient, disease, and drug-related risk factors associated with phenytoin-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions in South Indian epileptic patients. Methodology: This study was conducted as a single-center prospective case-control study over a period of 13 months. The Fisher’s exact test and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were used to test the association of single and multiple variables, respectively. Results: This study comprised 26 patients with phenytoin-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions (PHT-CARDs) and 32 phenytoin-tolerant controls with a mean age of 40.60±18.15 and 36.21±14.71 years, respectively. Among 26 phenytoin-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions, 76.92% cases were mild-moderate reactions and 23.07% were severe. The onset latency period of these reactions ranged from 7-42 days. The multivariate analysis showed that multiple AEDs (OR =18.62, 95% CI 4.28-80.87, p=<.001) and comorbidities (OR= 5.98, 95% CI 1.33-26.78, p=.01) are risk factors for PHT-CADRs. PHT-SCARs were shown to be associated with previous allergy history (OR= 31, % CI 2.40-398.8, p=.008). Conclusion: The risk factors found to be associated with CARDs in South Indian Epileptic patients are multiple AEDs, comorbidities, and past allergic history. Therefore, physicians and other associated health care professionals should closely monitor the patients when phenytoin is employed.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Composite Attachment Loss in Orthodontic Patients during Orthodontic Clear Aligner Therapy: A Prospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Chen Yaosen ◽  
A. M. Mohamed ◽  
Wang Jinbo ◽  
Zheng Ziwei ◽  
Maher Al-balaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Attachment Loss ◽  
Wear Time ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Clear Aligner

Background. The composite attachment loss during orthodontic clear aligner therapy is an adverse event that commonly happens in our daily practice. However, there is a lack of related statistical analysis and studies analyzing the related risk factors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the incidence of attachment loss during orthodontic clear aligner therapy and to identify rick factors that may predict such event. Materials and Methods. The demographics and clinical variables of 94 patients undergoing clear aligner therapy (27 males and 67 females; average age: 27.60 ± 0.86   years ) were recorded. Both patient-related and tooth-related attachment loss was recorded. The chi-squared test and logistic regressive analysis were applied to identify the potential risk factors. SPSS for Mac (version 23.0, IBM, USA) was used for statistical analyses. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Our study suggested that the risk factors for attachment loss include frequent aligner removal (≥ 5 times a day) ( losing   rate = 60.0 % , P = 0.005 ), aligner wear time less than 18 hours a day ( losing   rate = 50.8 % , P = 0.014 ), eating without aligners inserted ( losing   rate = 47.9 % , P = 0.034 ), utilizing aligner tray seaters ( losing   rate = 48.2 % , P = 0.006 ), and unilateral mastication ( losing   rate = 52.1 % , P = 0.002 ). The multivariable logistic regression analysis indicates that aligner wear time less than 18 hours a day ( P = 0.020 , B = 0.925 ), using aligner tray seaters ( P = 0.007 , B = 1.168 ), and unilateral mastication ( P = 0.034 , B = − 0.458 ) were considered independent factors that can predict the composite attachment loss in orthodontic clear aligner therapy. Conclusion. Wearing aligner less than 18 hours a day, using aligner tray seaters, and unilateral mastication may contribute to increased incidence of composite attachment loss during orthodontic clear aligner therapy.

scholarly journals Femoral prosthesis neck fracture following total hip arthroplasty — a systematic review

Arthroplasty ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. van Doesburg ◽  
E. J. van Langelaan ◽  
I. Apachitei ◽  
M. R. Bénard ◽  
S. H. M. Verdegaal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Femoral Prosthesis ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Neck Fracture ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Purpose Head-neck modularity was introduced into total hip arthroplasty to provide more intraoperative surgical options. However, modularity led to new problems, such as trunnionosis and fractures of the femoral prosthesis neck. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for hip neck fractures and to provide recommendations to prevent damage and fractures of the neck. Methods A systematic review of the literature was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Results Thirty-three case studies were included. Methodologically, most included studies were of moderate or good quality. The 80 neck fractures included in the review took place, on average, 7 years after stem placement. Male gender, high body weight, obesity, previous revision surgery, mixing components from different manufacturers, use of long skirted heads, cobalt-chromium (large size) heads were identified as potential risk factors. Conclusion Hip neck fractures occur on average 7 years after stem placement. The etiology of hip neck fractures is multifactorial. This review revealed several preventable implant- and surgeon-related risk factors.

scholarly journals Risk factor for phlebitis: a questionnaire study of nurses' perception

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Milutinović ◽  
Dragana Simin ◽  
Davor Zec
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Intravenous Fluids ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Nurses Perceptions

AbstractObjectives: to assess nurses' perceptions of risk factors for the development of phlebitis, with a special focus on the perception of phlebitic potentials of some infusion medications and solutions.Method: a cross-sectional questionnaire study, which included a sample of 102 nurses.Results: Nurses recognized some factors that may reduce the incidence of phlebitis; however, more than half of the nurses were unaware that the material and diameter of the cannula can affect the incidence rate of phlebitis. Furthermore,underlying disease and high pH of medications or solutions were identified as potential risk factors, whereas low pH and low osmolality were not. Nurses identified Vancomycin and Benzylpenicillin antibiotics with the strongest phlebitic potential. Among other medications and intravenous fluids, Aminophylline, Amiodaronehydrochloride and Potassium chloride 7.4% were identified as potentially causing phlebitis.Conclusion: predisposing factors for phlebitis relating to patients and administered therapy were identified by nurses, while some cannula related risk factors, in particular its physicochemical properties and the time for cannula replacement, were not fully perceived.

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