scholarly journals Inclusion of excess dietary calcium in diets for 100- to 130-kg growing pigs reduces feed intake and daily gain if dietary phosphorus is at or below the requirement1

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 5439-5446 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Merriman ◽  
C. L. Walk ◽  
M. R. Murphy ◽  
C. M. Parsons ◽  
H. H. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Dietary Phosphorus ◽  
Daily Gain

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERFORMANS TERNAK BABI FASE STARTER

ZOOTEC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Alfred Tamawiwy ◽  
M. Najoan ◽  
J S Mandey ◽  
F. N Sompie
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Water Consumption

ABSTRACT   EFFECT OF UTILIZATION OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) IN THE DIET ON PIG PERFORMANCE. Utilization of fats and oils in pig diets is of great importance due to their high energy value. VCO is obtained by cold press processing of the kernel from the coconut fruit. Utilization of virgin coconut oil (VCO) in the diets on pig performance.  The present study was designed to elaborate the effect of utilization of VCO in the diets on energy and protein digestibility of growing pigs. The experiment was conducted using 20 castrated male pigs aged 1.5 - 2.0 months weighing 12,0±2,0 kg. The data were analyzed according to the linear model procedure for ANOVA appropriate for Randomized Block Design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments were formulated as follow: R0 = 100% control diet + 0% VCO; R1 = 99.5% control diet + 1.0% VCO; R2 = 98.0% control diet + 2.0% VCO; R3 = 97.0% control diet + 3.0% VCO; and R4 = 96.0% control diet + 4.0% VCO. Parameters measured were: daily feed intake, daily gain, daily water consumption. The results showed that the utilization of VCO up to 4% in the diets had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on daily feed intake, daily gain, daily water consumption of pigs. It can be concluded that the addition of VCO up to 4.0% in the diets has no significant meaning on pig performance.   Key words: Virgin coconut oil (VCO), Performance, Growing pigs  

INFLUENCE OF GRADED LEVELS OF DIETARY PROPIONIC ACID ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS TRAITS OF SWINE FED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH SOYBEAN MEAL OR CANOLA MEAL

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. THACKER ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Current Recommendation ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Linear Manner ◽  
Crossbred Pigs ◽  
Daily Gain

Sixty-four crossbred pigs (averaging 24 kg) were used to study the effects of dietary propionic acid (PA) on backfat measurements and fatty acid (FA) composition and on rate of gain and feed:gain ratio. Isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets, based on either barley-soybean meal or barley-conola meal, contained either 0, 3, 6 or 9% PA. Inclusion of PA depressed feed intake in a linear manner, with daily gain being reduced when pigs received 6 or 9% PA. Feed:gain ratio did not differ significantly for PA treatments. Backfat thickness was significantly reduced by PA inclusion in the diet, while carcass grade was slightly improved. Inclusion of PA significantly increased levels of 15:0, 17:0 and 17:1 FA in the outer subcutaneous backfat layers with an accompanying decrease in 16:0 and 18:0 FA. Higher levels of odd-chain FA observed in the backfat of PA-supplemented pigs suggest that not all the propionic acid was metabolized; some is being incorporated directly into FA. Pigs fed diets containing 15.9–18.9% canola meal had reduced feed intake, lower daily gains, poorer feed:gain ratio, and reduced total backfat compared with those fed soybean meal diets. Pigs fed canola meal had higher backfat levels of 17:0 FA compared with those fed soybean meal. These results do not invalidate the current recommendation that 10% canola meal may be fed in diets of growing pigs.

The influence of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D supplementation of a pea–barley ration for growing pigs

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Stone ◽  
GH McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Plasma Calcium ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Dietary Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Vitamin D3 Supplementation

A diet based on field peas and barley can satisfy the mineral requirements of growing pigs provided that calcium is supplemented at least to the level of dietary phosphorus present, and that vitamin D3 supplementation is greater than Agricultural Research Council recommendations. Bone fragility and lameness observed in pigs on a low calcium-low vitamin D3 diet was overcome by increasing either of these components, and this was accompanied by increased metacarpal ash and femur breaking strength. A similar response could also be produced by increasing dietary phosphorus levels. Plasma calcium and phosphate concentrations were significantly influenced by changes in the dietary calcium/phosphorus ratio, whereas vitamin D3 changes had a minimal influence. Parathyroid activity appeared to reflect the plasma calcium concentration. There did not appear to be any relationship between plasma concentrations and bone fragility or lameness.In order to ensure adequate bone development in pigs offered a diet of plant origin, vitamin D3 supplementation and elevation of dietary calcium to the level of total phosphorus present is a minimum requirement.

scholarly journals Predicting Productive Performance in Grow-Finisher Pigs Using Birth and Weaning Body Weight

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Jordi Camp Montoro ◽  
Edgar Garcia Manzanilla ◽  
David Solà-Oriol ◽  
Ramon Muns ◽  
Josep Gasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Nutritional Strategies ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Daily Gain

This study aimed to (1) investigate the effect of birth and weaning body weight (BW) on performance indicators of grow-finisher pigs and (2) estimate birth and weaning BW cut-off values in order to identify slow growing pigs (SGP). Pigs (n = 144) were classified as SMALL (0.9 ± 0.13 kg) or BIG (1.4 ± 0.20 kg) at birth and re-classified as SMALL (5.4 ± 1.6 kg) or BIG (6.3 ± 1.91 kg) at weaning. Individual BW was recorded bi-weekly, and feed intake was recorded on a daily basis. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and days to target slaughter weight (TSW) were calculated. SMALL–SMALL pigs had lower ADG (p < 0.05) requiring 167.1 days (i.e., 14.2 extra days) to TSW (p < 0.05) compared with BIG pigs at birth and/or weaning. However, FCR was similar between groups (p > 0.05). Pigs weaned at <3.7 kg BW would likely be SGP. Pigs born at ≥1.1 kg BW or weaned at ≥6.4 kg BW are more likely to reach TSW at 22 weeks of age. The results suggest that birth BW might not be the best predictor for subsequent performance, as some small-born pigs were able to catch up with their bigger counterparts. The cut-off values identified could be used to design specific management and nutritional strategies for SGP.

Lack of effect of regular movement and of mixing groups on the performance of growing pigs

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
EB Greer
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Floor Space ◽  
Movement Strategies ◽  
Full Period ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

The effect on pig performance of 2 methods to reduce pen stocking densities was examined using 228 pigs growing from 20 to 100 kg in 7 commercial piggeries. Pigs either: (i) remained in the same pen for the full period; (ii) were moved to a different pen every 4 weeks; or (iii) were mixed, after 8 weeks when they weighed about 50 kg, with half the pigs from a second pen and then moved to 2 new pens. Pigs were fed ad libitum the diet normally used on each farm. Daily gain, feed:gain ratio and backfat depth were unaffected by treatment (P> 0.05). There was an indication (P<0.10) that movement increased daily feed intake and this may have been associated with a slight decline in carcass gradings. Fighting occurred when the pigs were mixed after 8 weeks, but no adverse effects were apparent at slaughter. Floor space allowances for growing pigs can be increased by 2 movement strategies (moving or moving-and-mixing) commonly used by producers, with only slight, if any, detriment to performance.

Effect of Thymol or Diphenyliodonium Chloride on Performance, Gut Fermentation Characteristics, and Campylobacter Colonization in Growing Swine†‡

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 758-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBIN C. ANDERSON ◽  
NATHAN A. KRUEGER ◽  
KENNETH J. GENOVESE ◽  
THADDEUS B. STANTON ◽  
KATHRYN M. MacKINNON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
End Products ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Campylobacter Spp ◽  
Gut Fermentation

Food producing animals can be reservoirs of Campylobacter, a leading bacterial cause of human foodborne illness. Campylobacter spp. utilize amino acids as major carbon and energy substrates, a process that can be inhibited by thymol and diphenyliodonium chloride (DIC). To determine the effect of these potential additives on feed intake, live weight gain, and gut Campylobacter levels, growing pigs were fed standard grower diets supplemented with or without 0.0067 or 0.0201% thymol or 0.00014 or 0.00042% DIC in a replicated study design. Diets were offered twice daily for 7 days, during which time daily feed intake (mean ± SEM, 2.39 ± 0.06 kg day−1) and daily gain (0.62 ± 0.04 kg day−1) were unaffected (P &gt; 0.05) by treatment. Pigs treated with DIC but not thymol tended to have lower rectal Campylobacter levels (P = 0.07) (5.2 versus 4.2 and 4.4 log CFU g−1 rectal contents for controls and 0.00014% DIC and 0.00042% DIC, respectively; SEM = 0.26). However, DIC or thymol treatments did not affect (P &gt; 0.05) ileal or cecal Campylobacter (1.6 ± 0.17 and 4.5 ± 0.26 log CFU g−1, respectively), cecal total culturable anaerobes (9.8 ± 0.10 log CFU g−1), or accumulations of major fermentation end products within collected gut contents. These results suggest that thymol and DIC were appreciably absorbed, degraded, or otherwise made unavailable in the proximal alimentary tract and that encapsulation technologies will likely be needed to deliver effective concentrations of these compounds to the lower gut to achieve in vivo reductions of Campylobacter.

EFFECT OF ALTERNATION BETWEEN HIGH AND LOW ENERGY DIETS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF GROWING SWINE

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. CHEEKE ◽  
W. H. KENNICK
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Low Energy Diet

The response of growing pigs receiving a low energy diet (LE ration) to periodic exposures to a high energy diet (HE ration) was studied. Forty-eight Berkshire × Yorkshire barrows of approximately 23 kg body weight were divided into six equal groups receiving one of the following treatments: HE control, LE control, and alternations between the LE and HE rations in cycles of 5 days LE: 1 day HE. 4 days LE: 1 day HE, 3 days LE: 1 day HE, and 2 days LE: 1 day HE. The average daily gain of the HE control was significantly greater (P < 0.01) than that of the LE control. The alternated groups did not grow significantly faster than the LE control; thus, compensatory growth responses did not occur. Feed intake of the LE control was higher than that of the HE control. The alternated groups reduced their intake of the LE ration relative to the LE control, and consumed significantly greater amounts (P < 0.001) of the HE diet than did the HE controls. The pigs may have learned to anticipate their period of exposure to the HE diet, since the consumption of the HE ration as a proportion of the total feed intake tended to increase as the experiment progressed. In spite of the differences in amount and pattern of feed consumption, the calculated total energy intake was similar in all groups. The only carcass measurements significantly affected by treatment were dressing percentage and backfat thickness; the possible implications of these effects are discussed.

Age, weight or total feed intake as bases for the performance testing of growing pigs

1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lodge ◽  
D. Lister ◽  
J. D. Wood ◽  
M. S. Wolynetz
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACTIn an experiment which showed that the results of a genotype comparison are influenced by the design of the test, 16 castrated male and 16 female pigs of each of Large White (LW) and Gloucester Old Spot (GOS) breeds were allocated equally among four treat- ments: WW—rationed by weight and slaughtered by weight; A A—rationed by age and slaughtered by age; AW—rationed by age and slaughtered by weight; and WF—rationed by weight and slaughtered after a common total feed intake. The experiment was designed so that performance of LW would be similar on all treatments, and the degree to which the GOS differed from the LW on each of these treatments was then evaluated. All pigs started on the experiment at 12 weeks of age, at which time mean weight of the LW was 14% greater than the mean for the GOS. The only between- breed difference that was statistically significant (P<0·05) on all treatments was weight of lean. Average daily gain and efficiency of feed conversion were significantly different between breeds only on the WW treatment. Weight of fat was significantly different on WW and AW but not on AA or WF.

A nutritional evaluation of diets containing meat meal for growing pigs. 4. Differences in growth of pigs on different meals and in chemical and chick tests of these meals

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
ES Batterham ◽  
MB Manson ◽  
HC Kirton
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Chick Growth ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Available Lysine ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
The Relationship

Experiments were conducted to estimate the variability in growth promoting ability of seven meat meals (MM) or meat and bone meals (MBM) for pigs and the relationship between pig growth and chemical or chick tests. The meals were fed as the sole protein supplement in wheat-based diets to Large White pigs over the 18-73 kg growth phase. The diets were fed at the restricted rate of 7.2 g crude protein and approximately 114 kcal digestible energy per kg liveweight per day. The nitrogen retention of pigs and dry and organic matter digestibilities of the diets were determined. With the nutritional regime adopted, there was little difference (12 per cent) in the growth promoting ability of the seven diets for pigs, with one brand inferior to the other six. This difference appeared to be due to lower protein quality. The seven meals varied considerably in chemical composition (bone content 22-55 per cent, crude protein 45-59 per cent). There appeared little relationship between chemical composition of the diets and their growth promoting ability. Dietary calcium levels varied from 1.6-3.0 per cent but there was no apparent effect of calcium level on pig growth. 'Available' lysine levels in the meal varied from 3.1-3.7 per cent with the inferior meal having the lowest available lysine content. All diets contained considerable quantities of minerals as a result of the inclusion of MM or MBM and the diets contained the estimated requirements of pigs for major minerals. There was little relationship between chick growth on the seven diets and pig growth (r = 0.11). Chick growth was correlated with dietary calcium (r = -0.72) and feed intake (r = 0.64). When the diets were equalized for calcium, the relationship between chick growth and pig growth increased (r = 0.62). The results indicated that the calcium content of a meal was a major factor affecting its growth promoting ability for chicks but not for pigs. As the depressed chick growth was associated with lowered feed intake under ad lib. feeding, it was possible that the restricted feeding of the diets to the pigs minimized the development of depressing effects of calcium.

scholarly journals Time taken for growing pigs to acclimate to change in ambient temperature.

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
J.M.F. Verhagen ◽  
R. Geers ◽  
M.W.A. Verstegen
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Daily Gain

In 4 almost identical trials, 159 Large White X Dutch Landrace gilts and castrated [male][male], weighing about 20 kg, were housed in groups of 10 and maintained at 15 degrees or 25 degrees C for 12 days; all pigs had previously been maintained at 20 degrees . For pigs maintained at 15 degrees and 25 degrees , daily intake of metabolizable energy averaged 1368+or-62.7 and 1462+or-109.4 kJ.kg-0.75 resp., and daily gain 596+or-28.9 and 622+or-76.8 g; differences between groups were significant. Groups did not differ significantly in heat production or feed conversion efficiency. For pigs housed at 15 degrees , feed intake increased from 1060+or-37.0 g per day at days 2-3 to 1375+or-26.5 g per day at days 11-12. Corresponding values for pigs housed at 25 degrees were 1125+or-29.0 and 1328+or-99.0 g per day. For both groups, heat production was significantly higher in the light than in the dark. Heat production in the light stopped increasing after 8 and 5 days resp. for pigs housed at 15 degrees and 25 degrees ; in the dark it stopped increasing after 6 days for pigs housed at 15 degrees . (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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