Characterization of exosomes from body fluids of dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 3893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Q. Koh ◽  
H. N. Peiris ◽  
K. Vaswani ◽  
S. Meier ◽  
C. R. Burke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Fluids

scholarly journals Ketone bodies – causes and effects of their increased presence in cows' body fluids: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1492-1503
Author(s):  
Piotr Guliński
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Point Body ◽  
Main Component

Ketosis is the most common metabolic disease in high-performance dairy cows during the first 6-8 weeks of lactation. Its main symptoms include an excessive amount of so-called ketone bodies in a cow's body fluids. Ketone bodies consist of β-hydroxybutyric acid (βHBA), acetoacetic acid, and acetone. βHBA is the main component with its share of the total volume of ketone bodies in the blood of about 70%. Clinical symptoms of ketosis in cows include loss of appetite, preference for forage to concentrated feed, and acetone odor in their mouth and urine. Those symptoms are accompanied by a production drop, an increase of concurrent illness (mastitis, metritis, and displaced abomasum), and poor reproductive performance. One of the ketosis characteristic effects is an increase in the level of fat in milk (>5%), while protein levels decrease (<2.9%). In the case of subclinical ketosis (SCK), the fat–protein ratio in milk is increased to above 1.4:1. The current consensus for SCK is to consider a cutoff point of βHBA to be at least 1.2 mmol/L in blood plasma. Ketosis prevention is based on keeping perinatal cows in good condition, that is, with around 3.5 points in the five-point body condition scoring, carefully balancing food doses during the first 2 months of lactation with the correct energy–protein ratio. Glucose precursor products should be administered orally, in particular to at-risk herds. Ketosis occurs in 7-14% on average of the total number of cows in a herd. In general, data on the prevalence of SCK vary considerably, depending on their source. Moreover, the problem is mostly observed in poorly-fed animals with high milk production potential. The objectives of this review are to reveal the current situation of ketosis prevalence, the possibility of diagnosis, consequences in dairy cows and to provide some recommendations for ketosis treatment and prevention.

scholarly journals Characterization of Streptococcus lutetiensis isolated from clinical mastitis of dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 702-714
Author(s):  
Peng Chen ◽  
Yun Qiu ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Xi Li ◽  
Jia Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Clinical Mastitis

Genomic characterization of Arcanobacterium pyogenes isolates recovered from the uterus of dairy cows with normal puerperium or clinical metritis

2008 ◽  
Vol 132 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Silva ◽  
M. Gaivão ◽  
S. Leitão ◽  
B.H. Jost ◽  
C. Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Genomic Characterization ◽  
Arcanobacterium Pyogenes

scholarly journals Multivariate Characterization of Biological Efficiency in Dairy Cows in Grazing Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
P. R. Marini ◽  
R. Castro ◽  
E. Frana ◽  
R. J. Di Masso
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Retrospective Data ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Grazing Systems

Retrospective data was used corresponding to the lactation of 216 first and multi-pregnancy cows, American-Canadian Holstein with registers of their whole productive life, from their entrance to the system till their sale or death, registers were gathered from1992-2012 in the Argentinian Holstein farm located in Casilda, province of Santa –Argentina. During the mentioned time, all the cows were managed in the same dairy premises. The animals were divided into two categories: pure cows (VP,n=88) and cows with breeding registers (VRC,n = 128). The variables under use were: age at first calving, in days (EPP), first calving – conception interval in days (IPP), milk production adapted to 305 lactation days, in litres (PL), the amount of butyric fat produced, in kilograms (GB), the number of calvings registered throughout its reproductive life (NP), milk index in litres (IL) and the fat index in kilograms (IG). There were statistically significant differences as regards the productive characteristics PL and GB. N average, throughout the cycle under study, the VP produced 591 litres of milk and 161 kg of fat more. There were no significant differences when considering the age of first calving or the calving – conception interval. VP cows registered higher IL and IG than VRC cows, with significant differences which favoured the former, in both cases. The four components generated by the multivariate analysis explained important portions of the total variance which lead to consider all of them when interpreting the joint relations between productive performance indicators and reproductive achievement. It is concluded that even though the biotypes under study behave differently, both coincide at the point of stating that those cows which belong to quadrant IV were those which presented the best adaptation to the environment, being the ones who live longer and with an intermediate reproductive efficiency, regardless their biotype.

Characterization of human β-trace protein from natural body fluids, from patients and from recombinant sources

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Hoffmann ◽  
Eckart Grabenhorst ◽  
Manfred Nimtz ◽  
Harald S. Conradt
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluids

scholarly journals Molecular and pathological characterization of teat papillomatosis in dairy cows in southern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Michel Bianchi ◽  
Christian Diniz Beduschi Travassos Alves ◽  
Claiton Ismael Schwertz ◽  
Welden Panziera ◽  
Cíntia De Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Southern Brazil

scholarly journals The Translational Status of Cancer Liquid Biopsies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinisa Bratulic ◽  
Francesco Gatto ◽  
Jens Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Precision Oncology ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Biomarker Research ◽  
Successes And Challenges

Abstract Precision oncology aims to tailor clinical decisions specifically to patients with the objective of improving treatment outcomes. This can be achieved by leveraging omics information for accurate molecular characterization of tumors. Tumor tissue biopsies are currently the main source of information for molecular profiling. However, biopsies are invasive and limited in resolving spatiotemporal heterogeneity in tumor tissues. Alternative non-invasive liquid biopsies can exploit patient’s body fluids to access multiple layers of tumor-specific biological information (genomes, epigenomes, transcriptomes, proteomes, metabolomes, circulating tumor cells, and exosomes). Analysis and integration of these large and diverse datasets using statistical and machine learning approaches can yield important insights into tumor biology and lead to discovery of new diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic biomarkers. Translation of these new diagnostic tools into standard clinical practice could transform oncology, as demonstrated by a number of liquid biopsy assays already entering clinical use. In this review, we highlight successes and challenges facing the rapidly evolving field of cancer biomarker research. Lay Summary Precision oncology aims to tailor clinical decisions specifically to patients with the objective of improving treatment outcomes. The discovery of biomarkers for precision oncology has been accelerated by high-throughput experimental and computational methods, which can inform fine-grained characterization of tumors for clinical decision-making. Moreover, advances in the liquid biopsy field allow non-invasive sampling of patient’s body fluids with the aim of analyzing circulating biomarkers, obviating the need for invasive tumor tissue biopsies. In this review, we highlight successes and challenges facing the rapidly evolving field of liquid biopsy cancer biomarker research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document