Effects of energy supplementation on energy losses and nitrogen balance of steers fed green-chopped wheat pasture I: Calorimetry123

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 2133-2143
Author(s):  
A. L. Shreck ◽  
P. J. Ebert ◽  
E. A. Bailey ◽  
J. S. Jennings ◽  
K. D. Casey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Wheat Pasture ◽  
Energy Supplementation

Effects of energy supplementation on energy losses and nitrogen balance of steers fed green-chopped wheat pasture I: Calorimetry

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 2133
Author(s):  
A. L. Shreck ◽  
P. J. Ebert ◽  
E. A. Bailey ◽  
J. S. Jennings ◽  
K. D. Casey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Wheat Pasture ◽  
Energy Supplementation

scholarly journals Energy Supplementation Strategies for Wheat Pasture Stocker Cattle Under Uncertain Forage Availability

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nouhoun Coulibaly ◽  
Daniel J. Bernardo ◽  
Gerald W. Horn
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Risk Attitudes ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Production Risk ◽  
Forage Availability ◽  
Input Use ◽  
Stocker Cattle ◽  
Wheat Pasture ◽  
Energy Supplementation

AbstractEnergy supplementation provides a means of reducing production risk of growing stocker cattle on winter wheat pasture. This study addresses the issue of risk aversion and energy supplement input use. Differences in supplementation practices induced by risk aversion and the effects of cattle and feed market conditions are examined. Results show that supplementation practices are likely to be similar across producers, irrespective of their risk attitudes. Cattle and feed market conditions, however, markedly affect supplementation practices. These findings provide information for assisting stockmen in identifying efficient supplementation strategies.

scholarly journals Effects of protein and energy supplementation on growth, forage intake, forage digestion and nitrogen balance in meat goat kids

animal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 1109-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Patterson ◽  
B.D. Lambert ◽  
J.P. Muir ◽  
A.P. Foote
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Meat Goat ◽  
Energy Supplementation

scholarly journals Intake, nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis of steers fed with or without lipid addition

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Cecília Ramos Bendia ◽  
Carlos Augusto de Alencar Fontes ◽  
Elizabeth Fonsêca Processi ◽  
Clóvis Carlos Silveira Filho ◽  
Cláudio Teixeira Lombardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Microbial Synthesis ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Energy Supplementation

This study investigated the influence of energy supplementation with or without the addition of lipids on microbial production, microbial synthesis efficiency and nitrogen balance. Eight fistulated steers were used with accessible rumens and kept in individual stalls. Their diets consisted of corn silage; corn silage + concentrate; corn silage + concentrate with addition of lipids in the form of soybean oil; and corn silage + concentrate with addition of lipids in the form of soybean grains. Estimates of microbial protein synthesis were obtained based on the urinary excretion of purine derivatives. The concentrations of ammonia in the rumen were determined immediately at 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after feeding. The diets with concentrate increased (P<0.05) the microbial protein synthesis and the efficiency of the synthesis and nitrogen balance without a difference between the lipid sources (P>0.05). Concentrated diets presented higher concentrations of urea nitrogen in the serum and urinary urea excretion (P<0.05), but there was no difference between the lipid sources (P>0.05). Energy supplementation, with or without lipid addition, can be used as a strategy to increase the synthesis of the microbial protein in the cattle fed corn silage.  

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF AMMONIATED WHEAT STRAW FOR RUMINANTS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 158-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ZORRILLA-RIOS ◽  
G. W. HORN ◽  
C. A. HIBBERD ◽  
W. A. PHILLIPS
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Ruminal Digestion ◽  
Microbial N

Ammoniation of wheat straw increased ruminal digestion of dietary organic matter and duodenal flow of microbial nitrogen. For a growing steer (288 kg) gaining 0.45 kg daily, nitrogen in ammoniated straw replaced that provided by 0.6 kg of soybean meal. Energy supplementation improved nitrogen balance in sheep consuming ammoniated straw. Key words: Straw, ammoniation, microbial-N, protein, energy, ruminants

Cottonseed for protein and energy supplementation of high-roughage diets for beef cattle

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Brosh ◽  
Z. Holzer ◽  
D. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Energy Supplementation

ABSTRACTThe use of cottonseed (CS) as an energy and protein supplement to high wheat-straw diets was studied in a digestion and nitrogen balance trial, and as a component in fattening diets in a feeding trial. The proportions of CS studied were 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 g/kg diet dry matter (DM). DM intake per kg M0·75 was 33, 31, 40, 31 and 29 g, respectively. The digestibility coefficient of organic matter was 415, 463, 417, 441, 350 g/kg DM and of neutral-detergent fibre was 350, 436, 411, 309, 334 g/kg DM. Nitrogen balance was –2·52, 1·1, 5·38, 5·63, 7·60 g/day respectively, for the same order of treatments. The effect of high proportions of CS in the diet in restricting DM intake and reducing its digestibility was evident. The results of the feeding trial were in agreement with those of the digestion trial and indicate the proportion of 120 g CS per kg DM as optimal and maximal.

New Aspects in the Design of Electron Optical Magnification Systems

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 606-607
Author(s):  
Willem H.J. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Theoretical Limit ◽  
Optical Magnification ◽  
Chromatic Aberrations ◽  
High Degree

Electron microscope design, and particularly the design of the imaging system, has reached a high degree of perfection. Present objective lenses perform up to their theoretical limit, while the whole imaging system, consisting of three or four lenses, provides very wide ranges of magnification and diffraction camera length with virtually no distortion of the image. Evolution of the electron microscope in to a routine research tool in which objects of steadily increasing thickness are investigated, has made it necessary for the designer to pay special attention to the chromatic aberrations of the magnification system (as distinct from the chromatic aberration of the objective lens). These chromatic aberrations cause edge un-sharpness of the image due to electrons which have suffered energy losses in the object.There exist two kinds of chromatic aberration of the magnification system; the chromatic change of magnification, characterized by the coefficient Cm, and the chromatic change of rotation given by Cp.

Localization of DNA in chromatin using ESI and osmium ammine staining

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-117
Author(s):  
C.L. Woodcock ◽  
R.A. Horowitz ◽  
D. P. Bazett-Jones ◽  
A.L. Olins
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Feulgen Reaction ◽  
Specific Location ◽  
Eukaryotic Nucleus ◽  
Chromatin Fibers ◽  
Patiria Miniata ◽  
Model Structures

In the eukaryotic nucleus, DNA is packaged into nucleosomes, and the nucleosome chain folded into ‘30nm’ chromatin fibers. A number of different model structures, each with a specific location of nucleosomal and linker DNA have been proposed for the arrangment of nucleosomes within the fiber. We are exploring two strategies for testing the models by localizing DNA within chromatin: electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) of phosphorus atoms, and osmium ammine (OSAM) staining, a method based on the DNA-specific Feulgen reaction.Sperm were obtained from Patiria miniata (starfish), fixed in 2% GA in 150mM NaCl, 15mM HEPES pH 8.0, and embedded In Lowiciyl K11M at -55C. For OSAM staining, sections 100nm to 150nm thick were treated as described, and stereo pairs recorded at 40,000x and 100KV using a Philips CM10 TEM. (The new osmium ammine-B stain is available from Polysciences Inc). Uranyl-lead (U-Pb) staining was as described. ESI was carried out on unstained, very thin (<30 nm) beveled sections at 80KV using a Zeiss EM902. Images were recorded at 20,000x and 30,000x with median energy losses of 110eV, 120eV and 160eV, and a window of 20eV.

NITROGEN CYCLES IN CROP ROTATIONS DIFFERING IN FERTILIZATION

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulius GUŽYS ◽  
Stefanija MISEVIČIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Cereal Crop

The use of nitrogen fertilizer is becoming a global problem; however continuous fertilization with nitrogen ensures large and constant harvests. An 8 year research (2006–2013) was conducted to evaluate the relationships between differently fertilized cultivated plant rotations. The research was conducted in Lipliunai (Lithuania) in the agroecosystem with nitrogen metabolism in fields with deeper carbonaceous soil, i.e. Endocalcari Endohypogleyic Cambisol (CMg-n-w-can). The research area covered three drained plots where crop rotation of differently fertilized cereals and perennial grasses was applied. Samples of soil, water and plants were investigated in the Chemical Analysis Laboratory of the Aleksandras Stulginskis University certified by the Environment Ministry of the Republic of Lithuania. The greatest productivity was found in a crop rotation with higher fertilization (N32-140). In crop rotation with lower fertilization (N24-90) productivity of cereals and perennial grasses (N0-80) was 11–35 % lower. The highest amount of mineral soil nitrogen was found in cereal crop rotation with higher fertilization. It was influenced by fertilization and crop productivity. The lowest Nmin and Ntotal concentrations in drainage water were found in grasses crop rotation. Crop rotations of differently fertilized cereals increased nitrogen concentration in drainage water. Nmin concentration in water depended on crop productivity, quantity of mineral soil nitrogen, fertilization, and nitrogen balance. The lowest nitrogen leaching was found in the crop rotation of grasses. Cereal crop rotation increased nitrogen leaching by 12–42 %. The usage of all crop rotations resulted in a negative nitrogen balance, which essentially depended on fertilization with nitrogen fertilizer.

1665 WS Effect of corn-based supplementation on gas emissions, performance, and energetic losses of steers grazing wheat pasture

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 811-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ebert ◽  
E. A. Bailey ◽  
A. L. Shreck ◽  
N. A. Cole ◽  
J. S. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Wheat Pasture
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