Effects of zinc oxide and microbial phytase on digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in maize-based diets fed to growing pigs

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Blavi ◽  
D. Sola-Oriol ◽  
J. F. Perez ◽  
H. H. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

scholarly journals 282 Effect of formulating diets based on a ratio between STTD Ca and STTD P and the inclusion of phytase on the calcium and phosphorus balance of growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 103-104
Author(s):  
Vanessa Lagos ◽  
Mike R Bedford ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Diet Formulation ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
P Utilization ◽  
P Balance ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
P Absorption

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that formulating diets for pigs based on a ratio between standardized total tract digestible (STTD) Ca and STTD P instead of total Ca and STTD P increases the efficiency of Ca and P utilization. Forty barrows (59.4 ± 3.8 kg) were individually housed in metabolism crates and allotted to 4 corn-soybean meal diets and 2 periods of 11 d in a randomized complete block design. Diets were formulated using a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 Ca requirement estimates (total Ca or STTD Ca) and 2 inclusion levels of microbial phytase (0 or 500 units/kg). Phytase was assumed to release 0.11% STTD P and 0.16% total Ca. Diets were formulated based on requirements for total Ca and STTD P and the ratio between STTD Ca and STTD P was 1.25:1 in diets formulated based on STTD Ca. Fecal and urine samples were collected from feed provided from d 6 to 9. Data for Ca and P balance were analyzed using a model that included the main effects of diet formulation and phytase level, the interaction between main effects, and the random effect of period. Interactions (P < 0.05) between diet formulation and phytase level were observed for Ca intake, Ca in feces, Ca digestibility, Ca retained as a percentage of intake, P digestibility, P absorbed, and P in urine (Table 1). Despite being provided less (P < 0.05) Ca, pigs fed diets formulated based on STTD Ca did not absorb or retain less Ca than pigs fed total Ca diets, but they absorbed more (P < 0.05) P than pigs fed diets formulated based on total Ca. In conclusion, by formulating diets based on values for STTD Ca, P absorption was increased confirming detrimental effects of oversupplying Ca.

scholarly journals 281 Young Scholar Presentation: Digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in feed ingredients fed to gestating sows and growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 111-111
Author(s):  
Su A Lee ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Young Scholar ◽  
Diet Formulation ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ca:P Ratio

Abstract In practical diet formulation, values for standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of Ca and P obtained in growing pigs are also applied to sows. However, gestating sows have reduced digestibility and retention of Ca and P compared with growing pigs, and the impact of microbial phytase on the digestibility of P and Ca is much less in sows than in growing pigs. Applying STTD values for Ca and P obtained in growing pigs to diets for gestating sows, therefore, results in an overestimation of the absorbed Ca and P in sows (Table 1). Further research, however, indicated that the digestibility of Ca and P in late gestating sows is greater than in sows in early or mid-gestation and retention of Ca and P was greater in late-gestation compared with earlier gestation periods, which indicates that digestion and absorption of Ca and P may be under hormonal control in sows (Table 2). It was also demonstrated that a wide Ca:P ratio decreased P digestibility in both growing pigs and sows in late-gestation, which demonstrates the need for not overfeeding STTD Ca. In follow-up research, it was demonstrated that several serum biomarkers may be used to predict if a sow is in a positive or a negative Ca and P state, but more research is needed to quantify this effect and to determine if biomarkers can be used in Ca and P requirement experiments. In conclusion, gestating sows have much lower digestibility of Ca and P than growing pigs, which demonstrates that digestibility values obtained in growing pigs cannot be used to accurately formulate diets for gestating sows. Likewise, effects of microbial phytase on digestibility of Ca and P are much less predictable in gestating sows than in growing pigs and phytase effects in sows are much smaller than in growing pigs.

scholarly journals Standardized total tract digestibility of calcium varies among sources of calcium carbonate, but not among sources of dicalcium phosphate, but microbial phytase increases calcium digestibility in calcium carbonate1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 3440-3450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su A Lee ◽  
L Vanessa Lagos ◽  
Carrie L Walk ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
Formulated Feed ◽  
Ca Carbonate ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of Ca and the response to microbial phytase is constant among different sources of Ca carbonate and that the STTD of Ca is constant among different sources of dicalcium phosphate (DCP) when fed to growing pigs. In Exp. 1, 80 pigs (initial BW: 19.0 ± 1.9 kg) were randomly allotted to 10 diets and 2 blocks with 4 pigs per diet in each block. Four sources of Ca carbonate were used, and each source was included in a diet without microbial phytase and a diet with microbial phytase (500 units/kg diet). Two Ca-free diets without or with microbial phytase were also formulated. Feed allowance was 2.7 times the maintenance energy requirement for ME and daily feed allotments were divided into 2 equal meals. The initial 4 d of each period were considered the adaptation period to the diets followed by 4 d of fecal collection using the marker-to-marker procedure. Pigs fed diets containing exogenous phytase had lower (P < 0.05) basal endogenous loss of Ca compared with pigs fed diets containing no phytase. There were no interactions between phytase and source of Ca carbonate. Values for STTD of Ca were greater (P < 0.05) for diets containing microbial phytase (77.3% to 85.4%) compared with diets without exogenous phytase (70.6% to 75.2%), and values for STTD of Ca differed (P < 0.05) among the 4 sources of Ca carbonate. In Exp. 2, 40 pigs (initial BW: 14.9 ± 1.3 kg) were allotted to a completely randomized design with 5 diets and 8 replicate pigs per diet. A basal diet in which all Ca was supplied by Ca carbonate was formulated. Three diets were formulated by adding 3 sources of DCP to the basal diet and a Ca-free diet was also used. Feeding and collection methods were as described for Exp. 1. Results indicated that values for STTD of Ca and ATTD of P were not different among diets, indicating that under the conditions of this experiment, the digestibility of Ca and P in DCP appears to be constant regardless of origin of DCP. In conclusion, use of microbial phytase reduces the basal endogenous loss of Ca and increases Ca digestibility in Ca carbonate. The STTD of Ca varies among sources of Ca carbonate, regardless of phytase inclusion, but that appears not to be the case for the STTD of Ca in different sources of DCP.

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