Impact of improving dietary amino acid balance for lactating sows on efficiency of dietary amino acid utilization and transcript abundance of genes encoding lysine transporters in mammary tissue1,2

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 4654-4665 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Huber ◽  
C. F. M. de Lange ◽  
C. W. Ernst ◽  
U. Krogh ◽  
N. L. Trottier
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Amino Acid Utilization ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Amino Acid Balance

scholarly journals 84 Improving dietary amino acid balance reduces heat production in lactating sows exposed to heat stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 47-48
Author(s):  
Sai Zhang ◽  
Jay S Johnson ◽  
Nathalie L Trottier
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Conventional Diet ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Amino Acid Balance

Abstract We hypothesized that lactating sows fed a reduced CP (RCP) diet with supplemental AA to improve AA balance produce less metabolic heat (HP) compared with feeding a conventional diet (control). The objective was to measure HP of sows (n = 24) fed control (19.6% CP) or RCP (14.2% CP) under thermoneutral (TN, 21 ± 1.5°C) or cycling heat stress (HS, 32 ± 1.5°C daytime and 24 ± 1.5°C nighttime). Diets contained 0.90% SID Lys and 2,580 kcal/kg. Positive pressure indirect calorimeters were used to measure gas exchange in individual sows with litters (sow + litter), and individual piglets on lactation d 4, 8, 14 and 18, and HP determined overnight (1900–0700) and during daytime (0700–1900). Sow and litter weights were recorded on d 1, 10 and 21. Sow HP was calculated by subtracting litter HP from sow + litter HP based on BW0.75. Model included the fixed effect of diet, random effects of block and sow, sow feed intake as a regression variable and day as the repeated measurement. Compared to control, HP (kcal/h·kg0.75) of RCP was lower (P < 0.01) overnight (5.25 vs. 5.96 ± 0.38), during daytime (6.33 vs. 6.94 ± 0.23), and over 24-h (5.78 vs. 6.46 ± 0.24) under HS. Under TN, HP of RCP tended to differ (P = 0.107) overnight (5.20 vs. 5.90 ±0.57) and over 24-h (5.93 vs. 6.48 ± 0.50) and did not differ (P = 0.190) during daytime (6.66 vs. 7.06 ± 0.52). Under HS, lactation day affected HP (P < 0.05) overnight and over 24-h, with HP increasing from d 1 to 14 and decreasing from d 14 to 18. Under TN, day of lactation did not affect sow HP. Feeding RCP diet to lactating sows decreased HP, and this effect was more pronounced in sows housed under HS.

scholarly journals Dietary Protein Quality in Humans—An Overview

2005 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 874-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J Moughan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Utilization ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Amino Acid Score

Abstract The first objective in evaluating protein quality is to permit a ranking of proteins according to their potential nutritive value and to permit detection of changes in nutritive value due to processing and/or storage. The second objective is to permit prediction of the contribution a food protein, or mixture of food proteins, makes toward meeting nitrogen and amino acid requirements for growth or maintenance. Different approaches are used in meeting these distinct aims. The preferred current method to meet the second aim is the protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS). This article introduces the concept of PDCAAS and places it in the context of the series of papers published in this Special Guest Editor Section addressing aspects of dietary amino acid utilization.

scholarly journals Plasma urea nitrogen as an indicator of amino acid imbalance in rabbit diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Pablo Jesús Marín-García ◽  
María del Carmén López-Luján ◽  
Luís Ródenas ◽  
Eugenio Melchor Martínez-Paredes ◽  
Enrique Blas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Imbalance ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Amino Acid Balance ◽  
Current Guidelines

<p>In recent decades, recommendations on dietary protein content have been considerably reduced, while fibre content has been increased. Under these conditions, an adequate dietary amino acid balance could be crucial to optimise feed efficiency. Plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) level could be a good indicator of an amino acid imbalance and its potential has already been studied in other species, but not yet in rabbits. The main objective of the present work was to detect the possible interest of PUN in pinpointing amino acid deficiencies in rabbits. Two experimental diets were formulated from the same basal mixture, following all the recommendations for growing rabbits, except lysine, whose content was variable, following current guidelines in diet P8.1 or lower from those in P4.4 (with 8.1 and 4.4 g/kg dry matter of lysine and with 757 and 411 mg of lysine per MJ of digestible energy). Three different trials were designed: one where the animals were fed &lt;em&gt;ad libitum&lt;/em&gt; (AL) and two others in which fasting periods of 10 h were included; one where feeding was restored at 08:00 h (Fast8h) and the other at 18:00 h (Fast18h). A total of 72 three-way crossbred growing rabbits (24 animals for each trial in a split-plot trial) up to a total of 12 recordings were used. Blood samples were taken every 4 h in AL trial and every hour after refeeding up to a total of six controls, in trials Fast8h and<br />Fast18h. The differences between balanced and unbalanced diets in lysine were highest (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;0.001) between 04:00 h and 12:00 h in animals fed ad libitum, and at 3 h after refeeding (21:00 h) in Fast18h. These results suggest that PUN could be an adequate indicator to detect deficiencies in amino acids in growing rabbit<br />diets.</p>

scholarly journals PSVII-27 Effects of dietary near ideal amino acid profile on amino acid utilization efficiency for milk production in sows under thermoneutral or heat stress conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 358-358
Author(s):  
Sai Zhang ◽  
Jay Johnson ◽  
Nathalie Trottier
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Utilization ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Protein Mobilization

Abstract The objective was to estimate essential AA (EAA) utilization efficiency for milk production in sows (n = 24) fed control (19.6% CP) or reduced CP (RCP; 14.2% CP) diets under thermoneutral (TN; 21±1.5°C) or cycling heat stress (HS; 32±1.5°C daytime and 24±1.5°C nighttime) conditions. We hypothesized that RCP fed lactating sows with supplemental AA have increased EAA efficiency for milk production under TN and HS conditions. Diets contained 0.90% SID Lys and 2,580 kcal/kg. Sow BW and backfat were recorded on d 1 and 21 to estimate body protein mobilization (BPM). Piglet BW was recorded on d 1 and 21 to estimate milk yield. Amino acid efficiencies were calculated based on milk AA output relative to SID AA intake corrected for AA contribution from BPM. During HS, N, Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Trp, and Val efficiency for milk production did not differ between sows fed control (42, 26, 44, 36, 39, 49, 52, 32, 50, 43 and 44%, respectively) and RCP (56, 39, 51, 49, 56, 47, 42, 39, 50, 59 and 41%, respectively) diets. Compared to control sows, RCP sows had greater (P &lt; 0.05) efficiency of Arg (30% vs. 61%) under TN condition. Efficiencies of His, Ile, Leu, Phe, and Trp tended to be greater (P = 0.07, 0.06, 0.06, 0.07 and 0.06, respectively) in RCP compared to control sows (50, 41, 44, 36, and 50% vs. 74, 67, 75, 54 and 78%, respectively). Efficiencies of Lys, Met, Thr, Trp and Val did not differ between control and RCP sows (56, 59, 57, and 50% vs. 67, 59, 69 and 57%, respectively). In summary, an RCP diet improved efficiency of N, Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Phe, and Trp for milk production in lactating sows under TN but not HS conditions.

Control of Egg Size in Chickens through Dietary Amino-acid Balance

Nature ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 200 (4907) ◽  
pp. 702-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. MARCH ◽  
J. BIELY
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Balance

scholarly journals Matching Dietary Amino Acid Balance to the In Silico-Translated Exome Optimizes Growth and Reproduction without Cost to Lifespan

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D.W. Piper ◽  
George A. Soultoukis ◽  
Eric Blanc ◽  
Andrea Mesaros ◽  
Samantha L. Herbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Balance ◽  
Growth And Reproduction
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