scholarly journals Incidence of infection in 39-month-old ewes with TMEM154 diplotypes “1 1,” “1 3,” and “3 3” after natural exposure to ovine progressive pneumonia virus1,2

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Leymaster ◽  
C. G. Chitko-McKown ◽  
M. P. Heaton
Keyword(s):  
Natural Exposure ◽  
Ovine Progressive Pneumonia

scholarly journals Effects of TMEM154 haplotypes 1 and 3 on susceptibility to ovine progressive pneumonia virus following natural exposure in sheep1,2,3

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 5114-5121 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Leymaster ◽  
C. G. Chitko-McKown ◽  
M. L. Clawson ◽  
G. P. Harhay ◽  
M. P. Heaton
Keyword(s):  
Natural Exposure ◽  
Ovine Progressive Pneumonia

scholarly journals Serological Evidence of Natural Exposure to Tick-Borne Pathogens in Horses, Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Andreea Monica Bogdan ◽  
Mariana Ionita ◽  
Ioan Liviu Mitrea
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
North Central ◽  
Natural Exposure

The purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of selected tick-borne-pathogens (TBPs) among Romanian horses. For this, a total of 223 animals originating from north, central, and southeast Romania, including horses from stud farms (n = 118) and working horses (n = 105), were tested using a commercial rapid ELISA-based test. Overall, 10.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.7–15.1%) of the tested horses were seropositive for antibodies (Ab) against Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Additionally, 18.8% (95% CI: 13.9–24.6%) and 0.5% (95% CI: 0.01–2.5%) of horses were seropositive for Ab against Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Ehrlichia spp., respectively. Among the tested horses, 3.1% were seroreactive to two or three pathogens. These findings show the natural exposure of Romanian horses to zoonotic tick-borne pathogens and emphasize the need for further studies to better understand the epidemiology of equine tick-borne diseases in Romania.

Ultrastructure and Frequency of Mastitis Caused by Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus Infection in Sheep

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Deng ◽  
R. C. Cutlip ◽  
H. D. Lehmkuhl ◽  
K. A. Brogden
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Cellular Debris ◽  
Ovine Progressive Pneumonia

Twenty-five sheep, experimentally ( n = 15) or naturally ( n = 6) infected with ovine progressive pneumonia virus and noninfected controls ( n = 4), were evaluated for histological and ultrastructural lesions of mastitis. Histologically, nine of 15 experimentally infected sheep and all six naturally infected sheep had lympho-plasmacytic mastitis. Severity of the lesion increased with length of time after infection. Periductal lymphatic nodules were seen in five sheep experimentally infected for 2.8 years or longer and in five naturally infected sheep that wore 3.7 years old or older. Ultrastructurally, responses to ovine progressive pneumonia virus were diffuse lympho-plasmacytic infiltrates in glandular interstitium, lymphocytic and occasional plasmacytic infiltrates in ductal walls and lumens, lymphoblasts surrounded by small lymphocytes in glandular interstitium, and degeneration of epithelium releasing cells and cellular debris into the lumen. Based on the prevalence of lesions, the mammary tissue was more susceptible to ovine progressive pneumonia virus than other target organs: lung, brain, and synovium. Lesions did not differ between breeds of sheep. Ovine progressive pneumonia virus was not seen in the mammary tissue but was isolated from 15 of 17 mammary glands.

scholarly journals Direct supplementation with Urolithin A overcomes limitations of dietary exposure and gut microbiome variability in healthy adults to achieve consistent levels across the population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag Singh ◽  
Davide D’Amico ◽  
Pénélope A. Andreux ◽  
Gillian Dunngalvin ◽  
Timo Kern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Pomegranate Juice ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Natural Exposure ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
Urolithin A

Abstract Background Urolithin A (UA) is produced by gut microflora from foods rich in ellagitannins. UA has been shown to improve mitochondrial health preclinically and in humans. Not everyone has a microbiome capable of producing UA, making supplementation with UA an appealing strategy. Objective This is the first detailed investigation of the prevalence of UA producers in a healthy population and the ability of direct UA supplementation to overcome both microbiome and dietary variability. Dietary intake of a glass of pomegranate juice (PJ) was used to assess UA producer status (n = 100 participants) and to characterize differences in gut microbiome between UA producers from non-producers. Methods Subjects were randomized (1:1) to either PJ or a food product containing UA (500 mg). Prevalence of UA producers and non-producers were determined in the PJ group. Diet questionnaires and fecal samples were collected to compare differences between UA producers and non-producers along with plasma samples at different time points to assess levels of UA and its conjugates between the interventions. Results Only 12% of subjects had detectable levels of UA at baseline. Following PJ intake ~40% of the subjects converted significantly the precursor compounds into UA. UA producers were distinguished by a significantly higher gut microbiome diversity and ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroides. Direct supplementation with UA significantly increased plasma levels and provided a >6-fold exposure to UA vs. PJ (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Differences in gut microbiome and diet that dictate natural exposure to UA can be overcome via direct dietary UA supplementation.

scholarly journals Measurement of ex vivo ELISpot interferon-gamma recall responses to Plasmodium falciparum AMA1 and CSP in Ghanaian adults with natural exposure to malaria

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harini Ganeshan ◽  
Kwadwo A. Kusi ◽  
Dorothy Anum ◽  
Michael R. Hollingdale ◽  
Bjoern Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Natural Exposure

ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION: CURRENT CONSIDERATIONS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-452
Author(s):  
Margaret H. D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Active Immunization ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Recent Issue ◽  
Natural Exposure ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Immunization Procedure ◽  
Basic Course

THE PRACTICAL ASPECTS of immunization have changed in the last few years, and are inevitably destined to change continuously. Not only does modern science keep producing newer and more potent vaccines, but the vaccines themselves alter the distribution of disease agents and thereby the epidemiologic pattern of disease. As Batson and Christie have expressed it: "Immunization procedure is a dynamic subject in need of constant evaluation." DIPHTHERIA Nowhere does this phenomenon seem more clearcut than in the case of diphtheria. Whereas 25 years ago a basic course of immunization against diphtheria was essential, repeated natural exposure could be relied upon to boost that immunity throughout later childhood and adolescence. Nowadays the disease itself has become so relatively uncommon in many areas that we need to be reminded by articles like that of Doege, Heath, and Sherman in a recent issue of Pediatrics that 900 cases of diphtheria do occur annually in the United States, and that these cases tend to be grouped in states where immunization programs lag. Because of the very scarcity, in most places, of opportunity for natural exposure, there is an appreciable number of adolescents and adults who, even though immunized in childhood, has again become fully susceptible to infection with Corynebacterium diphtheriae. This falling off of immunity with increasing age must account for small outbreaks of diphtheria among older people in institutions, and for cases in recent years among certain "skid row" groups. It is the reason behind the long schedule of diphtheria toxoid inoculations recommended in the so-called Red Book of the Academy of Pediatrics.

scholarly journals Ovine progressive pneumonia provirus levels are unaffected by the prion 171R allele in an Idaho sheep flock

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D Harrington ◽  
Lynn M Herrmann-Hoesing ◽  
Stephen N White ◽  
Katherine I O'Rourke ◽  
Donald P Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Sheep Flock ◽  
Ovine Progressive Pneumonia

scholarly journals TASK 2.5.5 NATURAL EXPOSURE TESTING IN CALIFORNIA

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A Miller ◽  
Mengdawn Cheng ◽  
Joshua Ryan New ◽  
Levinson Ronnen ◽  
Hashem Akbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Exposure ◽  
Exposure Testing
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