The duration of time that beef cattle are fed a high-grain diet affects feed sorting behavior both before and after acute ruminal acidosis1,2

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 1728-1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. DeVries ◽  
T. Schwaiger ◽  
K. A. Beauchemin ◽  
G. B. Penner
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Utility of acute phase proteins as biomarkers of transport stress in ewes and beef cattle

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Fazio ◽  
Vincenzo Ferrantelli ◽  
Antonello Cicero ◽  
Stefania Casella ◽  
Giuseppe Piccione
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rest Time ◽  
Transport Stress

The effect of transport on serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), Fibrinogen and white blood cells (WBC) was evaluated in 10 ewes and 10 beef cattle. All animals were transported by road for 6 h over a distance of about 490 km with an average speed of 80 km/h. Blood samples, collected via jugular venepuncture, were obtained before and after transport as well as after 12, 24 and 48 h rest time. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance showed a statistically significant effect of sampling time on SAA, Hp, and WBC in ewes and beef cattle. Based on these results, Hp and SAA levels, together with WBC, may be useful indicators of animal health and welfare and in predicting the risk assessment in meat inspection.

CATTLE DIETS AND DISTRIBUTION ON SPRING–FALL AND SUMMER RANGES NEAR KAMLOOPS, BRITISH COLUMBIA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. McLEAN ◽  
W. WILLMS
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Flat Field ◽  
Before And After ◽  
South Slope ◽  
Summer Range ◽  
Distribution Studies

A 2-yr investigation of the herd distribution and diet selection of beef cattle on range was conducted near Kamloops, British Columbia. Two ranges were studied: one grazed in spring and fall, and the other in summer. Diet selection was determined by grazing two rumen-fistulated beef cattle, by clipping plots before and after grazing on the spring–fall range, and by conducting browse surveys on the summer range. Cattle distribution was determined on the spring–fall range. During the 2 yr, the diet composition averaged 93% grass, 2% forbs, 2% shrubs, and 3% trees. Grass was consumed more in the spring (95%) than in either summer or fall (93 and 92%, respectively). Interseasonal change in the consumption of the four plant types (grass, forbs, shrubs, trees) was greatest in the summer and fall. In the summer, consumption of forbs and trees increased, while consumption of grasses remained constant and consumption of shrubs decreased. In the fall, grass and shrub consumption increased, while forb and tree consumption decreased. Three open range habitats (south slope, knoll, flat field) and one treed habitat were defined for distribution studies. The south slope and flat field were utilized for feeding, while the knoll and treed habitats were used for both resting and feeding. The treed habitat was most important in providing shelter from adverse weather. Grazing intensity was generally less on the treed habitat than on the others.

scholarly journals Small RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals miRNA Expression of Short Distance Transportation Stress in Beef Cattle Blood

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2850
Author(s):  
Mingli Wu ◽  
Xiaoqin Tang ◽  
Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza ◽  
Haidong Zhao ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cattle Blood ◽  
Transportation Stress

Transportation is a crucial phase in the beef cattle industry, and the annual losses caused by beef cattle transport stress are substantial. Because of its huge economic losses, such as lower growth rate and even death, long-distance transportation stress has attracted more attention from beef production practitioners because of its huge economic losses. Compared with the long-distance transportation stress, the short-distance transportation stress was ignored for the reason of no obvious symptoms in cattle. Our previous study showed that the disorder of B cell function could be a potential health risk after short-distance transportation. However, the transcriptome details of the changes in the cattle blood after short-distance transportation and the molecular mechanisms for the regulation of the developmental process are not clearly known. In this study, a total of 10 Qinchuan cattle were used to compare the molecular characteristics of blood before and after short-distance transportation. The miRNA-seq showed that 114 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were found (40 upregulated and 74 downregulated) between two groups before and after transportation. Furthermore, more than 90% of the miRNAs with counts of more than 10 were used to construct a co-expression network by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), and four independent modules were identified. According to their relationship with 30 hub genes, the turquoise module was the key module in this study. The regulator network of hub genes and miRNAs in the turquoise module was constructed by miRNAs targeting genes predicting, and the miRNAs had targeting sites within hub genes that could be identified as hub-miRNAs. Further, it showed that CD40 and ITPKB had the same targeting miRNAs (miR-339a/b), and the newly discovered hub miRNAs filled the gaps in our previous study about the relationship between hub genes in short-distance transportation stress and provided the potential utility for predicting and treatment of short-distance transportation stress in beef cattle.

Temporal and Spatial Variability of Methane Emissions from Texas Open-Lot Beef Cattle Feedyard Pens

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1781-1794
Author(s):  
David B. Parker ◽  
Kenneth D. Casey ◽  
Heidi Maria Waldrip ◽  
Byeng Min ◽  
Bryan L. Woodbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Ch4 Flux ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

HighlightsOpen-lot beef cattle feedyards are a source of greenhouse gas emissions.Pen surface methane emissions were quantified during the cool and warm seasons.Methane was generated in the lower anaerobic layers of the manure pack.Methane emissions decreased after rainfall due to methane oxidation or blocking of pore space.Pen surface methane emissions accounted for <1% of overall feedyard GHG as CO2eq.Abstract. Texas is one of the top beef-producing states, where annually more than five million beef cattle are finished in large feedyards on earthen-surfaced pens. Manure deposited on open-lot pen surfaces can contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions such as methane (CH4). Two week-long sampling campaigns were conducted in April (cool season) and August (warm season) to quantify CH4 emissions from the feedyard pen surface. Emissions were monitored before and after 12.7 mm simulated rainfall events. Temporal and spatial variabilities in emissions were quantified using automated recirculating flux chambers, a multiplexer system, and a real-time CH4 analyzer. During the cool season, mean CH4 flux was 1.09 (SD ±2.39) and 0.12 (±0.25) g animal-1 d-1 before and after rainfall, respectively. During the warm season, mean CH4 flux was 0.65 (±1.01) and 0.26 (±0.44) g animal-1 d-1 before and after rainfall, respectively. This suggested that CH4 was produced in the lower, anaerobic layer of the manure pack and CH4 emissions were inhibited following rainfall, most likely due to microbial oxidation of CH4 in the upper layers through methanotrophy or from slowing of diffusion by blocking the manure pore space. The overall mean pen surface CH4 flux was 0.53 g animal-1 d-1. This flux accounted for a small percentage (<1%) of the overall estimated feedyard GHG emissions expressed as CO2eq. Thus, efforts to mitigate GHG from open-lot beef cattle feedyards in the Texas Panhandle should focus on sources with higher percentages of overall GHG, such as enteric methane, pen surface nitrous oxide, and nitrous oxide from fertilized cropland. Keywords: Beef cattle, Flux chamber, Greenhouse gas, Manure, Methane, Rainfall.

scholarly journals The nasopharyngeal microbiota of beef cattle before and after transport to a feedlot

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin B. Holman ◽  
Edouard Timsit ◽  
Samat Amat ◽  
D. Wade Abbott ◽  
Andre G. Buret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Before And After

Effects of a Minimal Hide Wash Cabinet on the Levels and Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on the Hides of Beef Cattle at Slaughter†

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1076-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
TERRANCE M. ARTHUR ◽  
JOSEPH M. BOSILEVAC ◽  
DAYNA M. BRICHTA-HARHAY ◽  
NORASAK KALCHAYANAND ◽  
STEVEN D. SHACKELFORD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beef Processing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Processing Plants

Harborage of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on animal hides at slaughter is the main source of beef carcass contamination during processing. Given this finding, interventions have been designed and implemented to target the hides of cattle following entry into beef processing plants. Previous interventions targeting hides have not been suitable for all beef processing plants because of cost and space restrictions. In this study, a hide wash cabinet was evaluated to determine whether it was more amenable to widespread use in the beef processing industry, especially for small and medium-size plants. Overall, 101 (35.1%) of 288 beef cattle hides sampled before entry into the hide wash cabinet harbored E. coli O157:H7 at or above the limit of detection (40 CFU/100 cm2). After passage through the hide wash cabinet, only 38 (13.2%) of 288 hides had E. coli O157:H7 levels ≥40 CFU/100 cm2. Before the hide wash cabinet, 50 (17%) of 288 hides harbored E. coli O157:H7 at levels above 100 CFU/100 cm2, with one sample as high as 20,000 CFU/100 cm2. In contrast, only 14 (5%) of 288 hides had E. coli O157:H7 levels above 100 CFU/100 cm2 after hide washing, with the highest being 2,000 CFU/100 cm2. These same trends also were found for Salmonella before and after hide washing. These results indicate that the hide wash cabinet described in this study was effective and should provide small and medium-size processing plants with an affordable hide wash intervention strategy.

scholarly journals Erratum to: The nasopharyngeal microbiota of beef cattle before and after transport to a feedlot

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin B. Holman ◽  
Edouard Timsit ◽  
Samat Amat ◽  
D. Wade Abbott ◽  
Andre G. Buret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Before And After

060 The nasopharyngeal microbiota of beef cattle before and after transport to a feedlot

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. 29-29
Author(s):  
D. B. Holman ◽  
J. Hallewell ◽  
T. W. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Before And After

An assessment of the influence on net herbage accumulation, herbage consumption and individual animal performance of two lengths of grazing rotation and three herbage allowances for grazing beef cattle

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Bartholomew ◽  
W. McLauchlan ◽  
D. M. B. Chestnutt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

SUMMARYOver three grazing seasons a sward of perennial ryegrass, cv. Gremie, was grazed on a rotational paddock system by growing beef cattle weighing on average 185·5 kg when turned out to grass in April. Six grazing treatments were compared: grazing at 20- or 35-day intervals at each of three herbage allowances of 5·3, 4·3 and 3·3 kg grass D.M./100 kg live weight (4·0, 3·2 and 2·4 kg D.M./IOO kg live weight in the 1st year).Measurements of net herbage accumulation and herbage consumption throughout each grazing season were made by taking grass sampling clips to ground level before and after grazing. Animal live-weight gain was assessed by regression on weighings of stock taken either every 7 or every 4 days depending on regrowth interval treatment. Adjustment of allocation treatment was made by varying the weight of stock grazing on a fixed paddock area.In no year did annual net herbage organic-matter accumulation (NHA) differ significantly according to length of grazing interval. NHA showed a 4·7 % advantage for the longer interval in the first 2 years which changed to a deficit of 4·1 % in the final year of the experiment. Herbage allowance treatment produced no significant effect on NHA in any year. The interaction effect of herbage allowance and grazing interval was not significant.Herbage consumption was greater in 2 years out of three under the 20-day regrowth period than with the 35-day treatment, although average degree of defoliation was slightly greater (44·0 v. 38·4%) with the longer interval.Animal live-weight gain was significantly (P < 0·05) affected by herbage allowance in all 3 years; decreasing herbage allowance generally resulted in reduced live-weight gain. Only in 1 year was there a significant difference (P < 0·001) in live-weight gain with the different rotation length treatments.

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