Effect of maternal activity during gestation on maternal behavior, fetal growth, umbilical blood flow, and farrowing characteristics in pigs1

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 734-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Harris ◽  
E. P. Berg ◽  
E. L. Berg ◽  
K. A. Vonnahme
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Maternal Behavior ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Umbilical Blood Flow

Programming the offspring through altered uteroplacental hemodynamics: how maternal environment impacts uterine and umbilical blood flow in cattle, sheep and pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Vonnahme ◽  
Caleb O. Lemley
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Placental Function ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Umbilical Blood Flow

As placental growth and vascularity precedes exponential fetal growth, not only is proper establishment of the placenta important, but also a continual plasticity of placental function throughout gestation. Inadequate maternal environment, such as nutritional plane, has been documented to alter fetal organogenesis and growth, thus leading to improper postnatal growth and performance in many livestock species. The timing and duration of maternal nutritional restriction appears to influence the capillary vascularity, angiogenic profile and vascular function of the placenta in cattle and sheep. In environments where fetal growth and/or fetal organogenesis are compromised, potential therapeutics may augment placental nutrient transport capacity and improve offspring performance. Supplementation of specific nutrients, including protein, as well as hormone supplements, such as indolamines, during times of nutrient restriction may assist placental function. Current use of Doppler ultrasonography has allowed for repeated measurements of uterine and umbilical blood flow including assessment of uteroplacental hemodynamics in cattle, sheep and swine. Moreover, these variables can be monitored in conjugation with placental capacity and fetal growth at specific time points of gestation. Elucidating the consequences of inadequate maternal intake on the continual plasticity of placental function will allow us to determine the proper timing and duration for intervention.

Placental transfer as a function of uterine blood flow

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (3) ◽  
pp. H429-H436 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Wilkening ◽  
S. Anderson ◽  
L. Martensson ◽  
G. Meschia
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Placental Perfusion ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Norepinephrine Infusion ◽  
Umbilical Blood Flow ◽  
Clearance Level ◽  
Different Levels

The effect of variations of uterine blood flow (F) on placental transfer was examined in six chronic sheep preparations by measuring the placental clearances of ethanol (CE) and antipyrine (CA) at different levels of F. Norepinephrine infusion, hemorrhage, and occlusion of the terminal aorta were used to reduce F below normal. The reduction of F had no appreciable effect on umbilical blood flow (f). In each ewe, CE significantly correlated with F. The CE vs. F relationship at constant f was curvilinear with convexity toward the clearance axis. Regression analysis showed that the equation 1/CE = 1/.911 F + 1/.831 f could account for most of the CE variance (r2 = 0.97). Implicit in this relation is the concept that, given a certain level of placental perfusion, an F/f ratio congruent to 1 is optimal for the exchange of highly diffusible inert molecules between mother and fetus [CE/(F + f) was maximum at F/f = 0.955]. CA was not significantly different from CE at low clearance level but became smaller than CE at clearance values greater than 300 ml/min. This suggests that a high rates of perfusion placental permeability was a factor in limiting CA.

scholarly journals CSH RNA Interference Reduces Global Nutrient Uptake and Umbilical Blood Flow Resulting in Intrauterine Growth Restriction

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8150
Author(s):  
Amelia R. Tanner ◽  
Cameron S. Lynch ◽  
Victoria C. Kennedy ◽  
Asghar Ali ◽  
Quinton A. Winger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Umbilical Blood Flow ◽  
Placental Hormone

Deficiency of the placental hormone chorionic somatomammotropin (CSH) can lead to the development of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). To gain insight into the physiological consequences of CSH RNA interference (RNAi), the trophectoderm of hatched blastocysts (nine days of gestational age; dGA) was infected with a lentivirus expressing either a scrambled control or CSH-specific shRNA, prior to transfer into synchronized recipient sheep. At 90 dGA, umbilical hemodynamics and fetal measurements were assessed by Doppler ultrasonography. At 120 dGA, pregnancies were fitted with vascular catheters to undergo steady-state metabolic studies with the 3H2O transplacental diffusion technique at 130 dGA. Nutrient uptake rates were determined and tissues were subsequently harvested at necropsy. CSH RNAi reduced (p ≤ 0.05) both fetal and uterine weights as well as umbilical blood flow (mL/min). This ultimately resulted in reduced (p ≤ 0.01) umbilical IGF1 concentrations, as well as reduced umbilical nutrient uptakes (p ≤ 0.05) in CSH RNAi pregnancies. CSH RNAi also reduced (p ≤ 0.05) uterine nutrient uptakes as well as uteroplacental glucose utilization. These data suggest that CSH is necessary to facilitate adequate blood flow for the uptake of oxygen, oxidative substrates, and hormones essential to support fetal and uterine growth.

The effect of steroids on the fetal brain and umbilical blood flow and biophysical profile

2003 ◽  
Vol 189 (6) ◽  
pp. S218
Author(s):  
Zeev Weiner ◽  
Rula Hamisa ◽  
Allan Fisher ◽  
Allan Bombard ◽  
Eliezer Shalev
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Biophysical Profile ◽  
Umbilical Blood Flow

Effects of Pharmacologic Agents on Umbilical Blood Flow in Fetal Lambs in utero

Neonatology ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Berman jr. ◽  
Robert C. Goodlin ◽  
Michael A. Heymann ◽  
Abraham M. Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Umbilical Blood Flow ◽  
Pharmacologic Agents

scholarly journals A comparative study of three indices of umbilical blood flow in relation to prediction of growth retardation

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léon G. M. Mulders ◽  
Pieter F. F. Wijn ◽  
Henk W. Jongsma ◽  
Peter R. Hein
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Umbilical Blood Flow
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