Evaluating percentage of roughage in lamb finishing diets containing 40% dried distillers grains: Growth, serum urea nitrogen, nonesterified fatty acids, and insulin growth factor-1 concentrations and wool, carcass, and fatty acid characteristics1

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 3030-3040 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Whitney ◽  
C. J. Lupton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Insulin Growth Factor ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains

scholarly journals PSI-32 Impact of titrating levels of dried distillers grains with solubles as a replacement of soybean meal on Boer goat fat quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 254-254
Author(s):  
Linnea Rimmer ◽  
Cassandra K Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Boer Goat ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Fat Quality ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Due to the rising goat population in the United States, there is growing economic incentive to feed dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) over soybean meal (SBM). However, there is limited knowledge of how this may affect carcass composition. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the impact of titrating levels of DDGS as a replacement of SBM on Boer goat fatty acid profiles. Thirty-two Boer goat kids were fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets consisting of 0%, 33%, 66%, and 100% DDGS replacing SBM. There were no detected differences (P > 0.05) in final body weight after a 47-d growth experiment. Goats were slaughtered in a commercial, USDA-inspected facility, backfat samples collected between the 12th and 13th rib, and samples analyzed for fatty acid profile via AOAC Official Method 996.06. Data were analyzed with goat as the experimental unit in a completely randomized design. Dietary treatment did not impact (P > 0.05) the overall fatty acid profile or iodine value (50 to 52 points) of fat samples. This may be because fatty acids go through biohydrogenation by rumen bacteria, limiting the impact of diet on fatty acid profile. That said, increasing levels of DDGS impacted (P = 0.03) both C16:1 and C18:3 in a quadratic manner. Specifically, goats fed 0% and 100% DDGS replacing SBM had higher C16:1 than those fed intermediate levels of DDGS, while the opposite was true for C18:3. No other fatty acid was affected (P > 0.05), nor were there shifts in the ratio of saturated vs. unsaturated, or the total sum of n-3 fatty acids. In summary, fatty acid profiles are not significantly impacted by increasing levels of DDGS in place of SBM, and therefore DDGS can be used in Boer goat diets without impacting fat quality.

Effect of low-oil corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles on growth performance, carcass traits and beef fatty acid profile of feedlot cattle

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. He ◽  
L. Xu ◽  
W. Z. Yang ◽  
D. Gibb ◽  
T. A. McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains

He, M. L., Xu, L., Yang, W. Z., Gibb, D. and McAllister, T. A. 2014. Effect of low-oil corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles on growth performance, carcass traits and beef fatty acid profile of feedlot cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 343–347. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of low-oil corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles (LO-DDGS) on growth, carcass traits and beef fatty acids profiles of finishing feedlot cattle. One hundred and eighty British crossbred steers (450±28.5 kg; six pens/treatment) were offered barley grain-barley silage as the control diet with LO-DDGS replacing barley grain at 200 and 300 g kg−1 dry matter basis in treatment diets. Compared with control, LO-DDGS at 200 g kg−1 did not affect growth performance or carcass traits, whereas at 300 g kg−1 it decreased (P<0.05) gain:feed, but increased (P<0.05) levels of desirable fatty acids in beef. LO-DDGS can replace 200 g kg−1 barley grain in finishing feedlot diets without undesirable impacts on growth performance or carcass traits.

Seasonal Variation in Plasma Nonesterified Fatty Acids of Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) in the Vicinity of Hydroelectric Facilities

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2440-2447 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. McKinley ◽  
T. D. Singer ◽  
J. S. Ballantyne ◽  
G. Power
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lake Sturgeon ◽  
Acipenser Fulvescens ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Nefa Concentration ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Nefa Concentration ◽  
Fatty Acid Species

To establish the effects of hydroelectric generation on the health of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), seasonal variations in plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) upstream and downstream from hydroelectric stations were measured over a 2-yr period. Plasma NEFA profiles were also compared up- and downstream of the stations for differences in utilization of individual NEFA species as substrates for lipid oxidation. Significantly higher levels of total plasma NEFA were found in lake sturgeon upstream (2355 ± 395.9 nmol/mL) compared with those downstream (798 ± 133.5 nmol/mL) of the generating stations during the spring. The NEFA profiles for several key fatty acid species differed significantly among seasons up- and downstream of the facilities. In particular, during spring and summer, the levels of oleic acid (18:1n9) were highest upstream of the stations and levels of a polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3), were higher below rather than above the stations. The differences in plasma NEFA concentration may be attributed to altered nutritional status due to the varying flow regime located downstream of the hydroelectric stations.

Replacing canola meal as the major protein source with wheat dried distillers’ grains alters omasal fatty acid flow and milk fatty acid composition in dairy cows

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Chibisa ◽  
D. A. Christensen ◽  
T. Mutsvangwa
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Total N ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains

Chibisa, G. E., Christensen, D. A. and Mutsvangwa, T. 2013. Replacing canola meal as the major protein source with wheat dried distillers’ grains alters omasal fatty acid flow and milk fatty acid composition in dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 137–147. Wheat dried distillers’ grains with solubles (W-DDGS) has a high fat content and is now commonly fed to dairy cows in western Canada. The objective was to determine the effects of replacing canola meal (CM) with W-DDGS on omasal fatty acid (FA) flow and milk FA composition. Four ruminally-cannulated lactating dairy cows were used in a 4×4 Latin square design with 28-d periods. Cows were fed either a standard barley silage-based total mixed ration (TMR) (0% W-DDGS, control) or TMR containing 10, 15 and 20% W-DDGS, with W-DDGS replacing CM as the major protein source. The omasal flow of C18:1 trans-10, C18:1 trans-11, C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) cis-9, trans-11, and total CLA increased linearly with increasing levels of W-DDGS. There were quadratic changes in milk concentrations of total C18:2, C18:3n-3, total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and total n-6 PUFA as the level of W-DDGS increased. Feeding increasing amounts of W-DDGS resulted in a linear increase in milk concentrations of CLA cis-9, trans-11, CLA trans-11, trans-13, and total CLA, whereas milk concentrations of C18:1 trans-11 tended to increase linearly when level of W-DDGS increased. Feeding increasing amounts of W-DDGS resulted in quadratic changes in milk concentrations of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3. In summary, feeding increasing amounts of W-DDGS increased milk concentrations of key FA like C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3, CLA cis-9, trans-11, and total CLA, which can potentially improve human health.

scholarly journals Milk urea nitrogen and milk fatty acid compositions in dairy cows with subacute ruminal acidosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 336-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kara
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Long Chain

The present study was aimed at comparing the milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and milk fatty acid (MFA) compositions in Holstein cows with subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) to those values of Holstein cows that did not have SARA. Also, the correlations among rumen pH value and the compositions of MUN and MFA in milk were determined. Dairy cows (n = 16) with subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) (pH value 5.60 ± 0.02) and control dairy cows (n = 16) (control) (pH value 6.20 ± 0.04) were studied. The MUN concentrations (578 µg/l) of the dairy cows with SARA was lower than those (1 315 µg/l) of the control dairy cows (P &lt; 0.001). In the milk of the dairy cows with SARA, the unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), thrombogenic index (TI), and hypocholesterolemic fatty acid index (hcFA) decreased; but the saturated fatty acids (SFA), atherogenic (AI) and hypercholesterolemic fatty acid (HcFA) indexes (P &lt; 0.01) increased. The rumen pH value and the concentration of the MUN were positively correlated with the proportions of the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-3 fatty acids (n-3), omega-6 fatty acids (n-6), omega-9 fatty acids (n-9), long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) and very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) and the n-3/n-6 ratio of the milk samples (P &lt; 0.05). Consequently, the dairy cow with SARA that are in early-lactation can affect the carbohydrate fermentation, fatty acid hydrogenation and protein degradation. The MUN concentration in the dairy cows with SARA seriously decreased. The SARA changes the milk fatty acid composition and decreases the MUFA, PUFA, n-3, oleic acid and hypocholesterolemic fatty acids and the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (h/H) values of milk. Therefore, the nutritional and functional quality for human nutrition decreases in the milk of dairy cows with SARA.

Intramuscular fatty acid metabolism evaluated with stable isotopic tracers

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 1674-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengkui Guo ◽  
Michael D. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Isotopic Tracers ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Fractional Synthesis ◽  
Intramuscular Triglyceride

We evaluated the applicability of stable isotopic tracers to the study of intramuscular fatty acid metabolism by infusing both [U-13C]palmitate and [1-13C]oleate intravenously for 4 h into fasted conscious rats. Skeletal muscles were sequentially biopsied, and the concentration and13C enrichment of fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Throughout the study, the13C enrichment of plasma palmitate and oleate remained substantially greater than intramuscular nonesterified palmitate and oleate enrichment, which in turn was greater than intramuscular triglyceride palmitate and oleate enrichment. Fractional synthesis rates of intramuscular triglycerides in gastrocnemius and soleus were 0.267 ± 0.075 and 0.100 ± 0.030/h ( P = 0.04), respectively, as determined by using [U-13C]palmitate, and were 0.278 ± 0.049 and 0.075 ± 0.013/h ( P = 0.02), respectively, by using [1-13C]oleate. We conclude that plasma free fatty acids are a source for intramuscular triglycerides and nonesterified fatty acids; the latter are likely the synthetic precursors of the former. Uniformly and singly labeled [13C]fatty acid tracers will provide an important tool to study intramuscular fatty acid and triglyceride metabolism.

Improved energy homeostasis of the heart in the metabolic state of exercise

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (4) ◽  
pp. H1490-H1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Goodwin ◽  
Heinrich Taegtmeyer ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Malonyl Coa ◽  
Metabolic Conditions ◽  
High Lactate

We postulate that metabolic conditions that develop systemically during exercise (high blood lactate and high nonesterified fatty acids) are favorable for energy homeostasis of the heart during contractile stimulation. We used working rat hearts perfused at physiological workload and levels of the major energy substrates and compared the metabolic and contractile responses to an acute low-to-high work transition under resting versus exercising systemic metabolic conditions (low vs. high lactate and nonesterified fatty acids in the perfusate). Glycogen preservation, resulting from better maintenance of high-energy phosphates, was a consequence of improved energy homeostasis with high fat and lactate. We explained the result by tighter coupling between workload and total β-oxidation. Total fatty acid oxidation with high fat and lactate reflected increased availability of exogenous and endogenous fats for respiration, as evidenced by increased long-chain fatty acyl-CoA esters (LCFA-CoAs) and by an increased contribution of triglycerides to total β-oxidation. Triglyceride turnover (synthesis and degradation) also appeared to increase. Elevated LCFA-CoAs caused high total β-oxidation despite increased malonyl-CoA. The resulting bottleneck at mitochondrial uptake of LCFA-CoAs stimulated triglyceride synthesis. Our results suggest the following. First, both malonyl-CoA and LCFA-CoAs determine total fatty acid oxidation in heart. Second, concomitant stimulation of peripheral glycolysis and lipolysis should improve cardiac energy homeostasis during exercise. We speculate that high lactate contributes to the salutary effect by bypassing the glycolytic block imposed by fatty acids, acting as an anaplerotic substrate necessary for high tricarbocylic acid cycle flux from fatty acid-derived acetyl-CoA.

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