Rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, and nutrient flow to the omasum in cattle offered corn silage, grass silage, or whole-crop wheat1

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 658-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Owens ◽  
M. McGee ◽  
T. Boland ◽  
P. O'Kiely
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Nutrient Flow ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Grass Silage

Rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in cattle given intraruminal infusions of lactic acid with a grass silage based diet

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jaakkola ◽  
P. Huhtanen
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Grass Silage

SUMMARYFour Friesian bulls with ruminal and duodenal cannulae were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square experiment to study the effects of lactic acid (LA) on rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis. On a dry matter (DM) basis (g/kg), the basal diet comprised grass silage (700), barley (240) and rapeseed meal (60) and it was given at the rate of 7·1 kg DM/day. LA was infused continuously into the rumen at the rates of 0 (L0), 40 (L40), 80 (L80) or 120 (L120) g/kg basal diet DM.The molar proportion of propionate in the rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) increased linearly (P < 0.001) and that of acetate, isovalerate, caproate (P < 0.01) and isobutyrate (P < 005) decreased linearly with an increasing rate of LA infusion. At the same time there was a linear decrease (P < 0.05) in the number of rumen protozoa. When the metabolic fate of infused LA was calculated on a molar basis, 0.21 of lactic acid was converted to acetate, 0·52 to propionate and 0.27 to butyrate.Infusion of LA into the rumen had no effect on the site or extent of the digestion of basal diet organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). LA diets tended to have a lower microbial N flow at the duodenum (71·4 v. 85·8 g N/day) and lower synthetic efficiency in the rumen (14·4 v. 20.4 g N/kg OM apparently fermented) when compared with the control diet. The ratio of duodenal non-ammonia N to N intake was highest with the control diet and lowest with L40, the effect of the LA rate being quadratic (P < 0·05). The results suggest that propionate was the main end-product of lactic acid fermentation in the rumen with the grass silage based diet. Lactic acid had no value as an energy source for microbial protein synthesis.

scholarly journals Effect of concentrate supplementation to grass silage diets on rumen fermentation, diet digestion and microbial protein synthesis in growing heifers

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Ilmo Aronen ◽  
Aila Vanhatalo
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Grass Silage

A 4 x 4 latin square experiment was carried out with four growing heifers, each with a rumen cannula and a simple T-cannula inserted in the proximal duodenum. The purpose was to study the effects of the supplementation of concentrate to grass silage on rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis and digestion of organic matter (OM), fibre components and N. The diets were composed of grass silage alone (S); grass silage and barley (SBU, 50:50 % on dry matter (DM) basis); and grass silage, barley and protein concentrate based either on rapeseed meal (SBR), or meat and bone meal (SBM) (50:40:10). To make the diets isonitrogenous, 23 g of urea was given with the SBU diet. The supplementation of concentrates, irrespective of their type, increased the average rumen ammonia-N and total concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and decreased the molar proportion of acetate. Inclusion of concentrates in the diet had a negative effect on the digestibility of cell wall constituents. The production of microbial protein and the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis were not affected by the diet. It appears, therefore, that the supply of nitrogenous constituents for rumen microbes through ruminally degraded protein was adequate in silage feeding, and that no extra benefit, at the utilized level of application, was gained by the supplementation of any of the concentrates.

Effect of pine-based biochars with differing physiochemical properties on methane production, ruminal fermentation, and rumen microbiota in an artificial rumen (RUSITEC) fed barley silage

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Paul Tamayao ◽  
Gabriel O. Ribeiro ◽  
Tim A. McAllister ◽  
Kim H. Ominski ◽  
Atef M. Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Rumen Microbiota ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Barley Silage

This study investigated the effects of three pine-based biochar products on nutrient disappearance, total gas and methane (CH4) production, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, and rumen microbiota in a rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) fed a barley-silage-based total mixed ration (TMR). Treatments consisted of 10 g TMR supplemented with no biochar (control) and three different biochars (CP016, CP024, and CP028) included at 20 g·kg−1 DM. Treatments were assigned to 16 fermenters (n = 4 per treatment) in two RUSITEC units in a randomized block design for a 17 d experimental period. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure in SAS, with treatment and day of sampling as fixed effects and RUSITEC unit and fermenters as random effects. Biochar did not affect nutrient disappearance (P > 0.05), nor total gas or CH4, irrespective of unit of expression. The volatile fatty acid, NH3-N, total protozoa, and microbial protein synthesis were not affected by biochar inclusion (P > 0.05). Alpha and beta diversity and rumen microbiota families were not affected by biochar inclusion (P > 0.05). In conclusion, biochar did not reduce CH4 emissions nor affect nutrient disappearance, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, or rumen microbiota in the RUSITEC.

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