Effect of undegradable intake protein supplementation on intake, digestion, microbial efficiency, in situ disappearance, and plasma hormones and metabolites in steers fed low-quality grass hay1

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1092-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Reed ◽  
M. R. O'Neil ◽  
G. P. Lardy ◽  
K. A. Vonnahme ◽  
L. P. Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Microbial Efficiency ◽  
Plasma Hormones ◽  
Undegradable Intake Protein

125 Effect of monensin and protein supplementation on in situ degradability of low-quality forage fed to cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. 62-62
Author(s):  
J. I. Solis ◽  
J. L. Foster ◽  
C. A. Loest ◽  
J. J. Martinez ◽  
L. P. Sastre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Supplementation

Hay conservation for cattle on winter-grazed green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume) pasture in south-eastern Queensland

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (124) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Scattini
Keyword(s):  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Supplementation Period ◽  
Hereford Cattle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Stocking Rates

The effects of stocking rate and hay conservation on liveweight gains of weanling Hereford cattle grazing a green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume cv. Petrie) pasture in winter and spring only were measured over seven years. A 2 x2 factorial experiment included stocking rates of 1 .5 and 2 . 5 animals/ha, with and without hay conservation. Protein supplementation using a mixture of cottonseed meal and urea was an additional treatment in two winters. Stocking rate had little effect on pasture yields at the start of grazing or on hay yields. The mean liveweight gains per animal at stocking rates of 1 . 5 and 2.5 animals/ha were 69 and 50 kg, respectively, on non-conserved pasture, and 86 and 54 kg on conserved pasture. Liveweight gain response to conservation was greater at the lighter stocking rate and appeared due to greater accessibility of higher quality pasture in situ rather than to feeding of hay per se. At the light stocking rate, little or no hay was required. Feeding protein produced 6 kg more liveweight gain per animal during the supplementation period in the two winters but this advantage disappeared by the end of grazing. Liveweight gain per hectare decreased with increased stocking rate in both hay and no-hay groups in the first and third year, decreased in the hay group only in the second year and increased in both groups in the last four years of the experiment. The benefit from making and feeding hay was small and the economics of the practice would depend on alternative uses for excess hay.

scholarly journals Estimation of undegradable intake protein in forages using neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen at a single in situ incubation time point1

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Haugen ◽  
M. J. Lamothe ◽  
T. J. Klopfenstein ◽  
D. C. Adams ◽  
M. D. Ullerich
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
In Situ Incubation ◽  
Undegradable Intake Protein

scholarly journals Undegradable intake protein supplementation of compensating spring-born steers and summer-born steers during summer grazing1

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Creighton ◽  
C. B. Wilson ◽  
T. J. Klopfenstein ◽  
D. C. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Undegradable Intake Protein

Effects of underfeeding and of fish meal supplementation on forage digestion in sheep

1995 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kabré ◽  
M. Doreau ◽  
B. Michalet-Doreau
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Dietary Treatments

SUMMARYThe effects of severe food restriction and of protein supplementation on the apparent digestibility of a forage were studied on 12 wethers in 1992 at INRA, Theix. Ruminal digestion of the forage cell walls was studied in a second experiment carried out on four ewes fitted with rumen and duodenal cannulas, receiving the same diets as the wethers. The animals were fed on two different hay-based diets: hay only (58 or 25 g/kg BW0·75 per day) or hay supplemented with fish meal (48 or 20 g hay with 6·5 and 3·0 g fish meal respectively per kg BW0·75). The effects of fish meal supplementation on apparent digestibility of the hay cell walls were small, + 1·8 and + 2·3 units for neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) respectively. In contrast, NDF and ADF digestibility was respectively 4·0 and 4·7 units higher at low than at high intake. Rumen fluid volume decreased by 2·4 1 with decreasing intake, while water concentration in rumen content increased slightly from 89·8 to 91·8%. The mean retention time of the hay particles in the foreguts increased concomitantly from 39·5 to 55·1 h. This was achieved by a higher retention time to a similar extent in both slow and fast compartments. The calculated in situ degradability of NDF and ADF increased respectively by 12·1 and 13·1 units with decreasing intake. This reflected the lower fractional outflow rate recorded at low intake. If a fractional outflow rate value of 4·1%/h (as measured in high intake diets) was applied to all dietary treatments, NDF and ADF in situ degradability would be greater at low than at high intake (31·7 v. 26·6% for NDF; 27·9 v. 22·1 % for ADF), indicating a higher microbial activity in restricted diets. Interactions between intake and fish meal supply were detected for in situ degradation parameters, indicating principally a reduction of the cell wall undegraded fraction in supplemented diets when intake declined. Ruminal fermentation was modified by the dietary treatments, the acetate: propionate ratio being higher at low intake. Fish meal increased concentrations of ammonia and of isoacids in rumen liquid. The relationship between apparent digestibility and in situ degradability of plant particles is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of undegradable intake protein supplementation on urea kinetics and microbial use of recycled urea in steers consuming low-quality forage

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tryon A. Wickersham ◽  
Evan C. Titgemeyer ◽  
Robert C. Cochran ◽  
Erin E. Wickersham
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Urea Synthesis ◽  
Urea Kinetics ◽  
Undegradable Intake Protein ◽  
Urea Recycling ◽  
Microbial N

We evaluated the effect of undegradable intake protein (UIP) on urea kinetics and microbial incorporation of urea-N in ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers (n4; 319 kg) providedad libitumaccess to grass hay in a 4 × 4 Latin square. Casein was continuously infused abomasally in amounts of 0, 62, 124 and 186 mg N/kg body weight per d to simulate provision of UIP. Periods were 13 d long with 7 d for adaptation and 6 d for collection. Jugular infusion of [15N15N]urea followed by determination of urinary enrichment of [15N15N]urea and [14N15N]urea was used to measure urea kinetics. Forage and N intake increased (quadratic,P < 0·02) with increasing UIP. Urea synthesis was 27·1, 49·9, 82·2 and 85·8 g urea-N/d for 0, 62, 124 and 186 diets, respectively (linear,P < 0·01). The proportion of urea synthesis that entered the gastrointestinal tract was 0·96 for steers receiving no UIP and decreased linearly (P = 0·05) to a low of 0·89 for steers receiving 186. The amount of urea entering the gastrointestinal tract was least for 0 (26·3) and increased (linear,P < 0·01) to 48·7, 77·2 and 76·6 g urea-N/d for 62, 124 and 186 diets, respectively. Microbial incorporation of recycled urea-N increased quadratically (P = 0·04) from 13·9 for 0 to 47·7 g N/d for 124. The proportion of microbial N derived from recycled urea increased (quadratic,P = 0·05) from 0·31 to 0·58 between 0 and 124 and dropped to 0·44 for 186 mg N/kg body weight per d. UIP increased intake of hay and provided a N source for ruminal microbes via urea recycling.

Rendez vous with Saturn's rings

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 743-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry T. Nock
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Low Thrust ◽  
Ring Plane ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Total Impulse ◽  
Saturn's Rings

ABSTRACTA mission to rendezvous with the rings of Saturn is studied with regard to science rationale and instrumentation and engineering feasibility and design. Future detailedin situexploration of the rings of Saturn will require spacecraft systems with enormous propulsive capability. NASA is currently studying the critical technologies for just such a system, called Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP). Electric propulsion is the only technology which can effectively provide the required total impulse for this demanding mission. Furthermore, the power source must be nuclear because the solar energy reaching Saturn is only 1% of that at the Earth. An important aspect of this mission is the ability of the low thrust propulsion system to continuously boost the spacecraft above the ring plane as it spirals in toward Saturn, thus enabling scientific measurements of ring particles from only a few kilometers.

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