1195 Effect of baling or grazing of corn residue on the subsequent crop yields

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 573-574
Author(s):  
K. M. Ulmer ◽  
J. L. Cox ◽  
M. K. Rakkar ◽  
R. G. Bondurant ◽  
M. E. Drewnoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Corn Residue ◽  
Subsequent Crop

scholarly journals Fertimetro, a Principle and Device to Measure Soil Nutrient Availability for Plants by Microbial Degradation Rates on Differently-Spiked Buried Threads

Soil Systems ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Concheri ◽  
Stefano Tiozzo ◽  
Piergiorgio Stevanato ◽  
Francesco Morari ◽  
Antonio Berti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Soil Nutrient Availability ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Subsequent Crop ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Kinetics Of

A novel patented method (PCT/IB2012/001157: Squartini, Concheri, Tiozzo, University of Padova) and the corresponding application devices, suitable to measure soil fertility, are presented. The availability or deficiency of specific nutrients for crops is assessed by monitoring the kinetics of progressive weakening of cotton or silk threads due to in situ microbial activity. The method is based on a nutrient-primed incremented substrate degradation principle. Threads are buried as is or pre-impregnated with N or P solutions, and the acceleration of the degradation rate for the N-supplemented or P-supplemented thread, in comparison to the untreated thread, is proportional to the lack of the corresponding nutrient in that soil. Tests were validated on corn crops in plots receiving increasing fertilizer rates in a historical rotation that has been established since 1962. The measurement carried out in May significantly correlated with the subsequent crop yields recorded in October. The analysis allows an early, inexpensive, fast, and reproducible self-assessment at field level to improve fertilization rates. The device is envisaged as a user-friendly tool for agronomy, horticulture, and any environmental applications where organic matter cycling, soil quality, and specific nutrients excess or deficiency are critical considerations.

scholarly journals Effects of soil compaction by trampling of animals in soil productivity. Remediations

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS MEDINA M.
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Physical Restraint ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Subsequent Crop ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Physical Degradation

  Among the problems of physical degradation, compaction and densification are the main ones, and they cause strong decreases in subsequent crop yields thereof. The degradation of soil structure is a worldwide problem that can occur in all soils and livestock production levels. Given the above, this paper aims to analyze the main changes in the internal structure of the soil as a result of compaction by trampling of animals. Soil compaction due to the collapse or decrease in pore spaces, is the most common cause of physical restraint to growth and root development. As an aggravating factor, degradation of soil structure is regarded as the type of land degradation more difficult to locate and retrain; the reason is that this degradation is a subsurface phenomenon. Finally it is to establish some possible solutions to this problem, including the main method of restoring the porosity of the boundary layers of root growth is to apply biological methods as used, for example, the roots of natural vegetation or crops coverage, planted to act as biological subsoilers that penetrate dense horizons.

DECOMPOSITION AND MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOILS, AND EFFECTS ON SOIL MICROBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND SUBSEQUENT CROP GROWTH. PART II

1935 ◽  
Vol 13c (2) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Newton ◽  
A. D. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Ammonium Thiocyanate ◽  
Sodium Chlorate ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Sodium Dichromate ◽  
Subsequent Crop ◽  
Serious Injury

Further experiments at Edmonton to determine the effects on soils and on subsequent crop growth of copper sulphate, sodium chlorate, and sodium dichromate, are reported, together with new experiments with ammonium thiocyanate. The field plot experiments were limited to Edmonton black soil, but three typical Alberta soils, including Edmonton soil, were used in the laboratory experiments. Copper sulphate applied to a series of fallow plots in 1931 did not affect the yields of wheat on these plots significantly in 1932, or the yields of wheat, oats, rye and flax on these plots in 1933. The soil was not appreciably injured, even temporarily, by the copper sulphate. Sodium chlorate was applied to one series of fallow plots in 1930, and to another series in 1931. The effect of the heaviest applications (1300 lb. per acre) lasted for three years in one series, but serious injury to crops from such heavy applications did not last for more than two years in either series. Sodium dichromate was applied to a series of fallow plots and a series of wheat plots in 1932. It reduced the wheat yields very much in 1932, but did not reduce crop yields the following year in either series, as it decomposed and lost its toxicity in the soil rather quickly. Ammonium thiocyanate was applied to a series of fallow plots and a series of wheat plots in 1932, and it reduced the wheat yields even more than sodium dichromate in 1932. It retarded nitrification and did not decompose and lose its toxicity completely during the season of application, but even in the cases of the heavier applications (650 and 1300 lb. per acre) the toxic effect disappeared early in the following season. The total and straw yields of crops sown on these plots were generally increased by the lighter applications (160 and 325 lb. per acre) in 1933, but the grain yields were generally reduced by the heavier applications (650 and 1300 lb. per acre). Growth of certain annual weeds was considerably stimulated by this nitrogenous weed killer in 1933 and 1934, in the plots to which the heavier applications had been made. Laboratory experiments showed that the thiocyanate may be leached out of a soil with water; that it decomposes fairly rapidly in soils under favorable conditions of moisture and temperature and more rapidly in fertile soil rich in organic matter than in poorer soil; and that nitrification in soils is depressed for a time by the ammonium thiocyanate.

Broadacre crop yield in the lee of windbreaks in the medium and low rainfall areas of south-western Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Sudmeyer ◽  
M. A. Adams ◽  
J. Eastham ◽  
P. R. Scott ◽  
W. Hawkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Documented Information ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Subsequent Crop

In Western Australia, the paucity of documented information detailing crop yield in the lee of windbreaks is a constraint to the adoption of tree windbreaks in dryland farming systems. This paper presents grain yield data for crops growing in the lee of windbreaks in the medium to low rainfall areas of the south-west of Western Australia for 64 field years between 1994 and 1997. Two distinct areas were identified in the lee of windbreaks: a zone of reduced crop yield extending 3–5 times the windbreak height (H) from the trees (competition zone), and a zone of unchanged or improved yield extending 15–20 H (sheltered zone). Yield between 1 and 20 H was less than unsheltered yield in years with average rainfall, similar to unsheltered yield in years, or areas, with low rainfall and higher than unsheltered yield if the unsheltered crop was subjected to sandblasting. Changes in microclimate in shelter appeared to be of benefit in increasing crop yields in drier years or areas. Lupin yield was generally increased in the sheltered zone while cereal yield was generally unchanged. The rate of canopy development may be critical to crop response. In dry years, reduced wind speed in shelter reduced evaporation of soil moisture, increasing the amount of soil water available to establishing crops and reducing sandblasting damage. The principle benefit of windbreaks was their ability to reduce wind erosion and subsequent crop damage. As such, windbreaks are best regarded as a form of insurance.

scholarly journals Comparison of organic and conventional managements on yields, nutrients and weeds in a corn–cabbage rotation

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadunath Bajgai ◽  
Paul Kristiansen ◽  
Nilantha Hulugalle ◽  
Melinda McHenry
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Corn Residue ◽  
Residue Incorporation ◽  
Negative Impacts

AbstractConventional soil management systems (SMS) use synthetic inputs to maximize crop productivity, which leads to environmental degradation. Organic SMS is an alternative that is claimed to prevent or mitigate such negative environmental impacts. Vegetable production systems rely on frequent tillage to prepare beds and manage weeds, and are also characterized by little crop residue input. The use of crop residues and organic fertilizers may counteract the negative impacts of intensive vegetable production. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the effect of sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. rugosa) residue incorporation in a corn–cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) rotation on crop yields, nutrient uptake, weed biomass and soil nutrients for organic and conventional SMS in two contrasting soil types (a Chromosol and a Vertosol). Yields of corn and cabbage under the organic SMS were not lower than the conventional SMS, possibly due to the equivalent N, P and K nutrients applied. Macro-nutrient uptake between the organic and conventional SMS did not differ for cabbage heads. Corn residue incorporation reduced the average in-crop weed biomass in cabbage crops by 22% in 2010 and by 47% in 2011. Corn residue-induced inhibitions on weed biomass may be exploited as a supplementary tool to mechanical weed control for the organic SMS, potentially reducing the negative impacts of cultivation on soil organic carbon. Residue incorporation and the organic SMS increased the average total soil N by 7 and 4% compared with the treatments without residue and the conventional SMS, respectively, indicating the longer-term fertility gains of these treatments. Exchangeable K, but not Colwell P, in the soil was significantly increased by residue incorporation. The clayey Vertosol conserved higher levels of nutrients than the sandy Chromosol. Yields under organic SMS can match that of conventional SMS. Residue incorporation in soil improved soil nutrients and reduced weed biomass.

Justification of the need to increase the fertility of reclaimed alluvial soils of JSC «Moskovskoe»

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Andrey ilinsky ◽  
Alexander Nefedov ◽  
Konstantin Evsenkin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Reclaimed Land ◽  
Adverse Weather

Global climatic changes, technogenic pollution by pollutants, violations of technologies of exploitation of reclaimed land lead to a decrease in fertility and soil degradation of agricultural land. Adverse weather conditions, resulting in a lack of adequate flood water, and economic difficulties in agriculture make it difficult to fill the deficit of organic matter and macronutrients in reclaimed alluvial soils. The monitoring of agrochemical properties of alluvial meadow medium-loamy soil of the stationary site (reclaimed lands of JSC «Moskovskoye» of Ryazan region), located in the floodplain of the Oka river, conducted by the Meshchersky branch of Vniigim, showed the presence and intensification of degradation changes in the soil. Thus, comparing the agrochemical indicators in the layer 0–20 cm, carried out in 1995, with the indicators of 2019, it should be noted a decrease in soil fertility. The decrease in soil quality was expressed in a decrease in the amount of mobile phosphorus by 37.6 %, mobile potassium by 53.3 %. Also, during this time there was a decrease in organic matter by 9.1 %, and an increase in soil acidity was 0.6 pH. As a result of such changes, soils lose ecological stability and become more vulnerable to adverse weather and negative anthropogenic impacts. In such a situation, advanced agricultural techniques should be actively used to obtain guaranteed, environmentally safe crop yields and restore the fertility of degraded reclaimed soils. In this regard, there is a need to develop innovative methods of fertility restoration of degraded alluvial soils in reclaimed lands using multi-component organic-mineral ameliorants. Meshchersky branch performs research work in addressing this issue.

Ukrainian Chernozem Fertility Reproduction under Soil Conservation Agriculture

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Yu. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Degradation Processes ◽  
Biological Potential

In Ukraine 57.5 % of agricultural land is subjected to erosion with 10–24 million tons of humus, 0.3–0.96 million tons of nitrogen, 0.7–0.9 million tons of phosphorus and 6–12 million tons of potassium lost annually. Degradation processes are also common on chernozems, which cover about 60 % of the Ukrainian territory. The aim of the research is to defi ne the most eff ective soil conservation practices and legislative decisions aimed to conservation/recovering the Ukrainian chernozem fertility. The experimental data of the agrochemical certifi cation of Ukrainian lands, data from scientifi c papers, stock and instructional materials as well as our own fi eld and laboratory studies were used. It has been established that the long-term use of deep subsurface tillage on typical chernozem increases, compared with plowing, the content of 10–0.25 mm of air-dry and water-resistant aggregates, the bulk density, soil water storages, water infi ltration rates, the content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, pHH2O, CaCO3 stocks, the contents of humic and fulvic acids, molecular weights of humic acids – by 5.5 and 3.06 %; 0.05 g/cm3; 25.5 mm; 22.6 mm/h; 0.1 and 3 mg/100 g of soil; 0.03 pHH2O; 18 t/ha, 0.02 and 0.04 %, 91195 kDa, respectively. Fertilizers may contribute to the crop yields increase from by 60% in the Polissya, by 40 % – in the Forest Steppe, by 15 % – in the Wet Steppe, by 10 % – in the Dry Steppe and by 40 % – in the Irrigated Steppe areas. In soil-conservation rotations, the crop placement and alternation are advisable to combine with strips or hills sowing, taking into account the local relief features; soil alkalinization, applying anti-erosion structures. Ukrainian agriculture will receive additional 10–12 million tons of forage units or 20–22 % from all fodder in a fi eld agriculture under increasing 8–10 % of arable lands for intercrops. It is advisable to mulch the eroded chernozems of Ukraine depending on their texture composition: 1.3 t/ha of mulch for sandy and loamy soils, 1.9 t/ha – for sandy and 1.1 t/ha – for loamy soils. The implementation of soil conservation agriculture can minimize some soil degradation processes and improve eff ective soil properties required to realize the biological potential of cultivated plants. Key words: chernozem, degradation, fertility, soil conservation technologies, agriculture policy.

Fertiliser evenness - losses and costs: A study on the economic benefits of uniform applications of fertiliser

1999 ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Horrell ◽  
A.K. Metherell ◽  
S. Ford ◽  
C. Doscher
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Spread Pattern ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Seed Crops

Over two million tonnes of fertiliser are applied to New Zealand pastures and crops annually and there is an increasing desire by farmers to ensure that the best possible economic return is gained from this investment. Spreading distribution measurements undertaken by Lincoln Ventures Ltd (LVL) have identified large variations in the evenness of fertiliser application by spreading machines which could lead to a failure to achieve optimum potential in some crop yields and to significant associated economic losses. To quantify these losses, a study was undertaken to calculate the effect of uneven fertiliser application on crop yield. From LVL's spreader database, spread patterns from many machines were categorised by spread pattern type and by coefficient of variation (CV). These patterns were then used to calculate yield losses when they were combined with the response data from five representative cropping and pastoral situations. Nitrogen fertiliser on ryegrass seed crops shows significant production losses at a spread pattern CV between 30% and 40%. For P and S on pasture, the cumulative effect of uneven spreading accrues, until there is significant economic loss occurring by year 3 for both the Waikato dairy and Southland sheep and beef systems at CV values between 30% and 40%. For nitrogen on pasture, significant loss in a dairy system occurs at a CV of approximately 40% whereas for a sheep and beef system it is at a CV of 50%, where the financial return from nitrogen application has been calculated at the average gross revenue of the farming system. The conclusion of this study is that the current Spreadmark standards are a satisfactory basis for defining the evenness requirements of fertiliser applications in most circumstances. On the basis of Spreadmark testing to date, more than 50% of the national commercial spreading fleet fails to meet the standard for nitrogenous fertilisers and 40% fails to meet the standard for phosphatic fertilisers.Keywords: aerial spreading, crop response, economic loss, fertiliser, ground spreading, striping, uneven application, uneven spreading, yield loss

Trend of Extreme Precipitations Indices in West-central Côte d’Ivoire: Case of the Lobo Watershed

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1281-1287
Author(s):  
F. B. Allechy ◽  
M. Youan Ta ◽  
V. H. N’Guessan Bi ◽  
F. A. Yapi ◽  
A. B. Koné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
West Central ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Northern Half ◽  
Agricultural Potential ◽  
Annual Total

The Lobo watershed located in the west-central part of Côte d'Ivoire is an area with high agricultural potential, influenced by climate variations and changes that reduce crop yields. The objective of this study is to analyse trends in ETCCDI extreme rainfall indices from rainfall data from 1984 to 2013 using ClimPACT2 software. This study shows that the trend of the indices: number of consecutive wet days (CWD), number of rainy days (R1mm) and the cumulative annual total rainfall (PRCPTOT) is decreasing. On the other hand, the number of consecutive dry days (CDD) is on the rise. In general, the whole basin has experienced a decrease in rainfall as well as wet sequences and an increase in dry sequences. These different trends observed in this study are more pronounced in the northern half of the watershed.

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