0697 Effects of poor maternal nutrition during gestation on offspring prenatal muscle growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 333-334
Author(s):  
S. M. Pillai ◽  
A. K. Jones ◽  
M. L. Hoffman ◽  
K. K. McFadden ◽  
S. A. Zinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Muscle Growth

Inhibition of muscle growth in foetal sheep

1973 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Swatland ◽  
R. G. Cassens
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Linear Size ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Muscle Histology ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryEighteen foetal sheep were used to study the relationship between suboptimal growth and linear size of skeletal units, dry weights of representative muscles and muscle histology. Foetuses with suboptimal growth caused by inadequate maternal nutrition and competition with other foetuses showed a decrease in skeletomuscular growth although allometric growth was not affected. A slight correlation (r =0·14, P < 0·005) existed between dry weight of the longissimus dorsi and mean minimum myofibre diameter. On morphological evidence, myofibre hyperplasia was thought to be complete by approximately 80 days gestation in all foetuses. Increases in the number of myofibres crossing mid-length transverse sections of the sartorius occurred after this time but were thought to be due to intrafascicularly terminating myofibres growing in length. Suboptimal muscle growth of foetuses in the latter third of gestation was thought to be associated with an inhibition of growth in length of intrafascicularly terminating myofibres.

scholarly journals Poor maternal nutrition during gestation in sheep alters prenatal muscle growth and development in offspring

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C Gauvin ◽  
Sambhu M Pillai ◽  
Sarah A Reed ◽  
John R Stevens ◽  
Maria L Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Poor maternal nutrition during gestation can have immediate and life-long negative effects on offspring growth and health. In livestock, this leads to reduced product quality and increased costs of production. Based on previous evidence that both restricted- and overfeeding during gestation decrease offspring muscle growth and alter metabolism postnatally, we hypothesized that poor maternal nutrition during gestation would reduce the growth and development of offspring muscle prenatally, reduce the number of myogenic progenitor cells, and result in changes in the global expression of genes involved in prenatal muscle development and function. Ewes were fed a control (100% NRC)-, restricted (60% NRC)-, or overfed (140% NRC) diet beginning on day 30 of gestation until days 45, 90, and 135 of gestation or until parturition. At each time point fetuses and offspring (referred to as CON, RES, and OVER) were euthanized and longissimus dorsi (LM), semitendinosus (STN), and triceps brachii (TB) were collected at each time point for histological and RNA-Seq analysis. In fetuses and offspring, we did not observe an effect of diet on cross-sectional area (CSA), but CSA increased over time (P &lt; 0.05). At day 90, RES and OVER had reduced secondary:primary muscle fiber ratios in LM (P &lt; 0.05), but not in STN and TB. However, in STN and TB percent PAX7-positive cells were decreased compared with CON (P &lt; 0.05). Maternal diet altered LM mRNA expression of 20 genes (7 genes downregulated in OVER and 2 downregulated in RES compared with CON; 5 downregulated in OVER compared with RES; false discovery rate (FDR)-adj. P &lt; 0.05). A diet by time interaction was not observed for any genes in the RNA-Seq analysis; however, 2,205 genes were differentially expressed over time between days 90 and 135 and birth (FDR-adj. P &lt; 0.05). Specifically, consistent with increased protein accretion, changes in muscle function, and increased metabolic activity during myogenesis, changes in genes involved in cell cycle, metabolic processes, and protein synthesis were observed during fetal myogenesis. In conclusion, poor maternal nutrition during gestation contributes to altered offspring muscle growth during early fetal development which persists throughout the fetal stage. Based on muscle-type-specific effects of maternal diet, it is important to evaluate more than one type of muscle to fully elucidate the effects of maternal diet on offspring muscle development.

scholarly journals CELL BIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: METABOLIC RESPONSES TO STRESS: FROM ANIMAL TO CELL: Poor maternal nutrition during gestation: effects on offspring whole-body and tissue-specific metabolism in livestock species1,2

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 3142-3152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen E Govoni ◽  
Sarah A Reed ◽  
Steven A Zinn
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Offspring Growth ◽  
Multigenerational Effects

Abstract Poor maternal nutrition, both restricted-feeding and overfeeding, during gestation can negatively affect offspring growth, body composition, and metabolism. The effects are observed as early as the prenatal period and often persist through postnatal growth and adulthood. There is evidence of multigenerational effects demonstrating the long-term negative impacts on livestock production. We and others have demonstrated that poor maternal nutrition impairs muscle growth, increases adipose tissue, and negatively affects liver function. In addition to altered growth, changes in key metabolic factors, increased glucose concentrations, insulin insensitivity, and hyperleptinemia are observed during the postnatal period. Furthermore, there is recent evidence of altered metabolism in specific tissues (e.g., muscle, adipose, and liver) and stem cells. The systemic and local changes in metabolism demonstrate the importance of determining the mechanism(s) by which maternal diet programs offspring growth and metabolism in an effort to develop novel management practices to improve the efficiency of growth and health in these offspring.

scholarly journals In utero glucocorticoid exposure reduces fetal skeletal muscle mass in rats independent of effects on maternal nutrition

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (10) ◽  
pp. R1143-R1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganga Gokulakrishnan ◽  
Irma J. Estrada ◽  
Horacio A. Sosa ◽  
Marta L. Fiorotto
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Tyrosine Aminotransferase ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum

Maternal stress and undernutrition can occur together and expose the fetus to high glucocorticoid (GLC) levels during this vulnerable period. To determine the consequences of GLC exposure on fetal skeletal muscle independently of maternal food intake, groups of timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats ( n = 7/group) were studied: ad libitum food intake (control, CON); ad libitum food intake with 1 mg dexamethasone/l drinking water from embryonic day (ED)13 to ED21 (DEX); pair-fed (PF) to DEX from ED13 to ED21. On ED22, dams were injected with [3H]phenylalanine for measurements of fetal leg muscle and diaphragm fractional protein synthesis rates (FSR). Fetal muscles were analyzed for protein and RNA contents, [3H]phenylalanine incorporation, and MuRF1 and atrogin-1 (MAFbx) mRNA expression. Fetal liver tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) expression was quantified to assess fetal exposure to GLCs. DEX treatment reduced maternal food intake by 13% ( P < 0.001) and significantly reduced placental mass relative to CON and PF dams. Liver TAT expression was elevated only in DEX fetuses ( P < 0.01). DEX muscle protein masses were 56% and 70% than those of CON ( P < 0.01) and PF ( P < 0.05) fetuses, respectively; PF muscles were 80% of CON ( P < 0.01). Muscle FSR decreased by 35% in DEX fetuses ( P < 0.001) but were not different between PF and CON. Only atrogin-1 expression was increased in DEX fetus muscles. We conclude that high maternal GLC levels and inadequate maternal food intake impair fetal skeletal muscle growth, most likely through different mechanisms. When combined, the effects of decreased maternal intake and maternal GLC intake on fetal muscle growth are additive.

scholarly journals PSI-24 Poor maternal nutrition and gestational age affect oxidative stress in offspring muscle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 251-251
Author(s):  
Helen R Iannitti ◽  
Brittany A Dias ◽  
Amanda K Jones ◽  
Dominique E Martin ◽  
Sambhu Pillai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Lipid And Protein Oxidation

Abstract Poor maternal nutrition during gestation decreases growth, increases lipid accumulation, and influences metabolism in offspring muscle. Oxidative stress is associated with lipid and protein damage and changes in metabolic function during fetal development which can persist postnatally. We hypothesized that poor maternal nutrition during gestation would increase oxidative stress in offspring muscle. To test this, 47 individually housed pregnant ewes received diets containing 60% (restricted-fed), 100% (control-fed), or 140% (over-fed) of National Research Council requirements for TDN beginning on day 30 ± 0.2 of gestation. Ewes were euthanized and offspring longissimus muscles (LM) were collected at d 90 or 135 of gestation, or within 24 h of birth (n = 8 to 14 offspring per maternal diet per gestational day). Offspring are referred to as RES, CON, and OVER, respectively. Glutathione, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl concentrations were determined in LM homogenates using commercial assays. Data were analyzed for effects of maternal diet, day of gestation, and their interaction using the glimmix procedure in SAS. Offspring born to over-fed ewes had reduced glutathione concentrations compared with offspring born to control-fed and restricted-fed ewes (OVER: 1.82 ± 0.30, CON: 5.58 ± 0.29, RES: 5.66 ± 0.29, M/g; P &lt; 0.001). Malondialdehyde concentration increased in offspring LM from d 90 to d 135 and birth (d 90: 9.48 ± 2.2, d 135: 16.7 ± 2.1, birth: 20.9 ± 1.8 M/g; P &lt; 0.001). Protein carbonylation was increased at d 90 compared with d 135 and birth (d 90: 8.05 ± 0.80, d 135: 5.68 ± 0.83, birth: 3.82 ± 0.84 g/mg; P = 0.003). Thus, gestational age influences lipid and protein oxidation. Poor maternal nutrition affects oxidative status in ovine offspring LM, which may negatively affect offspring muscle growth and development.

Regulation of hypothalamic development by maternal nutrition

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merly Vogt ◽  
Lars Paeger ◽  
Simon Hess ◽  
Sophie Steculorum ◽  
Susanne Neupert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Nutrition
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