scholarly journals Genomic selection: A paradigm shift in animal breeding

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theo Meuwissen ◽  
Ben Hayes ◽  
Mike Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Animal Breeding

scholarly journals Why and How to Switch to Genomic Selection: Lessons From Plant and Animal Breeding Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Aline Fugeray-Scarbel ◽  
Catherine Bastien ◽  
Mathilde Dupont-Nivet ◽  
Stéphane Lemarié
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Selection For

The present study is a transversal analysis of the interest in genomic selection for plant and animal species. It focuses on the arguments that may convince breeders to switch to genomic selection. The arguments are classified into three different “bricks.” The first brick considers the addition of genotyping to improve the accuracy of the prediction of breeding values. The second consists of saving costs and/or shortening the breeding cycle by replacing all or a portion of the phenotyping effort with genotyping. The third concerns population management to improve the choice of parents to either optimize crossbreeding or maintain genetic diversity. We analyse the relevance of these different bricks for a wide range of animal and plant species and sought to explain the differences between species according to their biological specificities and the organization of breeding programs.

scholarly journals Bayesian model combining linkage and linkage disequilibrium analysis for low density-based genomic selection in animal breeding

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 873-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabyano Fonseca Silva ◽  
Elcer Albenis Zamora Jerez ◽  
Marcos Deon Vilela de Resende ◽  
José Marcelo Soriano Viana ◽  
Camila Ferreira Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Linkage Disequilibrium Analysis ◽  
Model Combining

scholarly journals Molecular genetics and SSR markers as a new practice in farm animal genomic analysis for breeding and control of disease disorders

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Teneva ◽  
K. Dimitrov ◽  
Caro Petrovic ◽  
M.P. Petrovic ◽  
I. Dimitrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Farm Animal ◽  
Simple Sequence

Molecular genetics investigates the genetic makeup of individuals at the DNA level. That includes the identification and mapping of molecular genetic markers and genetic polymorphisms. Molecular genetic markers (DNA markers) are one of the most powerful means for the genomic analysis and allow the connection of hereditary traits with genomic variation. Molecular marker technology has developed rapidly over the last decade and two shapes of specific DNA based marker, Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs), also known as microsatellites, and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) prevail applications in modern genetic analysis. Genomic simple sequence repeats (SSRs, microsatellites) have been used for a variety of purposes, including gene tagging, physical mapping, genome mapping, estimation of genetic diversity, phylogenetic and conservation genetic purposes in farm animal breeding. SSR analyses are applied successfully in parentage verification and pedigree analysis, as disease markers and to locate the mutation in genetic disorders in livestock animals. The ultimate use of SSRs markers is for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL), marker assisted selection (MAS) in order to practice genomic selection and improve the farm animal health. Developments in ?omics? technologies, such as genomic selection, may help overcome several of the limitations of traditional breeding programmes and will be especially beneficial in breeding for lowly heritable disease traits that only manifest themselves following exposure to pathogens or environmental stressors in adulthood. The current paper provides a brief overview of the present - day application of microsatellites markers in animal breeding and make significant contribution to the overall farm animal health and resistance to disease.

scholarly journals 48 The impact of new technologies on livestock breeding; what’s next?

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 53-53
Author(s):  
Jack C Dekkers
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Precision Phenotyping ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Over the past decade, genomics has had tremendous impact on livestock breeding through genomic selection, which allows genetic gain based on available phenotypic records to be improved by leveraging information contained in a phenotype across all selection candidates at an early age, rather than only across close relatives. Apart from increasing and optimizing size and structure of training data, further improvement of genomic selection requires information on QTL, in order to reduce the “data noise” that is created by uninformative SNPs. Gene editing provides additional opportunities by either creating new beneficial genetic variation with large effects (e.g. disease resistance) or by rapidly increasing the frequency of favorable QTL alleles. Epigenetic manipulation of embryos is another genomics technology on the horizon. Reproductive technologies will continue to impact livestock breeding, as technologies such as AI, ET, IVEP, and semen sexing have. Novel technologies are surrogate sire technology and in vitro meiosis. Other technology opportunities lie in the area of precision phenotyping and precision animal breeding. Driven by advances in high-throughput sensor technology, precision phenotyping allows for more data to be collected to evaluate genetic merit. The ability to capitalize on this data for genetic improvement requires enhanced knowledge of the biological mechanisms that underlie traits of interest. The combination of genomics, precision phenotypic, and knowledge (and ultimately modelling) of the underlying biological mechanisms and how these mechanisms are impacted by environment and its interaction with genetics will allow implementation of “precision animal breeding.” The latter involves more accurate prediction of the outcome of specific matings in a specific environment in terms of a comprehensive breeding goal that includes animal wellbeing and sustainability. Integrating detailed mechanistic models of animal performance in an environment into genetic evaluation methods that enable prediction of genetic merit for underlying biological traits will enable precision animal breeding.

A Possible Paradigm Shift in Thinking About Thinking

1985 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
Marion Perlmutter
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift
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