scholarly journals Achieving pain control for routine management procedures in North American beef cattle

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Schwartzkopf-Genswein ◽  
E. E. Fierheller ◽  
N. A. Caulkett ◽  
E. D. Janzen ◽  
E. A. Pajor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
North American ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Management Procedures

1168 Physiological and management advances enhancing adoption of applied reproductive management procedures in beef cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 560-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Patterson ◽  
R. F. Cooke ◽  
G. R. Dahlke ◽  
R. N. Funston ◽  
J. B. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
Management Procedures

PSXI-8 Heritability estimates of antibody- and cell-mediated immune response in north American angus beef cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
Shannon Beard ◽  
Doug C Hodgins ◽  
Julie Schmied ◽  
Jeff Caswell ◽  
Michael M Lohuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
North American ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Intradermal Injection ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Abstract Including immune response traits in breeding programs has been suggested as a solution to improve overall animal health and enhance disease resistance but is not yet available for Angus cattle in North America. One way to measure immune response is to use the High Immune Response (HIR™) technology, which identifies animals with superior heritable immunity by evaluating antibody-mediated (AMIR) and cell-mediated (CMIR) immune response, allowing for the calculation of an estimated breeding value for total adaptive immune response for each animal. Before HIR™ can be included in beef cattle breeding programs, genetic parameters, including heritability, must be estimated for the traits involved. The objective of this study was to estimate a preliminary heritability for AMIR and CMIR in North American Angus beef cattle. On day 0 of the phenotyping protocol, cattle were immunized intramuscularly with a preparation of type 1 (CMIR) and type 2 (AMIR) antigens with adjuvant. On day 14, cattle received an intradermal injection of 0.1 mL of the CMIR test antigen in the right tail fold, and 0.1 mL PBS in the left tail fold. Change in cutaneous double skinfold thickness after 24 hours was used to assess CMIR. Blood was collected on days 0 and 14 to evaluate serum antibody to the type 2 antigen by ELISA to quantify AMIR. Heritability estimates were calculated for Canada and the USA separately, and then for both countries combined using single-trait animal models in ASReml and are presented in Table 1. The results of this study indicate that the heritabilities of AMIR and CMIR are moderate and emphasize the potential for its inclusion into Angus breeding schemes.

scholarly journals Modelling the impacts of ammonia emissions reductions on North American air quality

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 7183-7212 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Makar ◽  
M. D. Moran ◽  
Q. Zheng ◽  
S. Cousineau ◽  
M. Sassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
North American ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Regional Air Quality

Abstract. A unified regional air-quality modelling system (AURAMS) was used to investigate the effects of reductions in ammonia emissions on regional air quality, with a focus on particulate-matter formation. Three simulations of one-year duration were performed for a North American domain: (1) a base-case simulation using 2002 Canadian and US national emissions inventories augmented by a more detailed Canadian emissions inventory for agricultural ammonia; (2) a 30% North-American-wide reduction in agricultural ammonia emissions; and (3) a 50% reduction in Canadian beef-cattle ammonia emissions. The simulations show that a 30% continent-wide reduction in agricultural ammonia emissions lead to reductions in median hourly PM2.5 mass of <1 μg m−3 on an annual basis. The atmospheric response to these emission reductions displays marked seasonal variations, and on even shorter time scales, the impacts of the emissions reductions are highly episodic: 95th-percentile hourly PM2.5 mass decreases can be up to a factor of six larger than the median values. A key finding of the modelling work is the linkage between gas and aqueous chemistry and transport; reductions in ammonia emissions affect gaseous ammonia concentrations close to the emissions site, but substantial impacts on particulate matter and atmospheric deposition often occur at considerable distances downwind, with particle nitrate being the main vector of ammonia/um transport. Ammonia emissions reductions therefore have trans-boundary consequences downwind. Calculations of critical-load exceedances for sensitive ecosystems in Canada suggest that ammonia emission reductions will have a minimal impact on current ecosystem acidification within Canada, but may have a substantial impact on future ecosystem acidification. The 50% Canadian beef-cattle ammonia emissions reduction scenario was used to examine model sensitivity to uncertainties in the new Canadian agricultural ammonia emissions inventory, and the simulation results suggest that further work is needed to improve the emissions inventory for this particular sector. It should be noted that the model in its current form neglects coarse mode base cation chemistry, so the predicted effects of ammonia emissions reductions shown here should be considered upper limits.

Overview of the North American beef cattle industry and the incidence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD)

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delbert G. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
21St Century ◽  
North American ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
The North ◽  
The Us

AbstractThe North American beef cattle industry has endured many changes throughout the years but is encountering some of the most dramatic challenges in history during the first decade of the 21st century. The US beef cattle inventory increased from 1990 to a high of 103.5 million in 1996 and since has declined to a low of 94.5 million on 1 January 2009. Even though economic signals have encouraged the cow herd to increase over the last 5 years, a significant decrease occurred during 2008. It is difficult to determine the precise cost of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) to the industry but it is reported to be greater than US$500 million per year. Data from our practice indicate that losses from BRD over the last 18 years have been characterized by 5-year cycles of decreases and increases. Perhaps it is time for the industry to look for ways to reduce death loss by methods that focus on the animal's response to the pathogens instead of continuing to focus on the pathogens.

scholarly journals The prevalence ofEscherichia coliO157.H7 in dairy and beef cattle in Washington State

1994 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Hancock ◽  
T. E. Besser ◽  
M. L. Kinsel ◽  
P. I. Tarr ◽  
D. H. Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Cattle Management

SUMMARYEscherichia coliO157.H7 was found in 10 of 3570 (0·28%) faecal samples from dairy cattle in 5 of 60 herds (8·3%). Several tentative associations with manure handling and feeding management practices on dairy farms were identified. Faecal/urine slurry samples, bulk milk samples, and milk filters from dairy herds were negative forE. coli0157.H7.E. coli0157.H7 was also isolated from 10 of 1412 (0·71 %) faecal samples from pastured beef cattle in 4 of 25 (16%) herds. The prevalence ofE. coli0157. H7 excretion in feedlot beef cattle was 2 of 600 (0·33 %). The identification of cattle management practices associated with colonization of cattle byE. coli0157.H7 suggests the possibility that humanE. coliO157.H7 exposure may be reduced by cattle management procedures.

scholarly journals Modelling the impacts of ammonia emissions reductions on North American air quality

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5371-5422 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Makar ◽  
M. D. Moran ◽  
Q. Zheng ◽  
S. Cousineau ◽  
M. Sassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
North American ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Regional Air Quality

Abstract. A unified regional air-quality modelling system (AURAMS) was used to investigate the effects of reductions in ammonia emissions on regional air quality, with a focus on particulate-matter formation. Three simulations of one-year duration were performed for a North American domain: (1) a base-case simulation using 2002 Canadian and US national emissions inventories augmented by a more detailed Canadian emissions inventory for agricultural ammonia; (2) a 30% North-American-wide reduction in agricultural ammonia emissions; and (3) a 50% reduction in Canadian beef-cattle ammonia emissions. The simulations show that a 30% continent-wide reduction in agricultural ammonia emissions lead to reductions in median hourly ±2.5 mass of <1 μg m−3 on an annual basis. The atmospheric response to these emission reductions displays marked seasonal variations, and on even shorter time scales the impacts of the emissions reductions are highly episodic: 95-percentile hourly ±2.5 mass decreases can be up to a factor of six larger than the median values. A key finding of the modelling work is the linkage between gas and aqueous chemistry and transport; reductions in ammonia emissions affect gaseous ammonia concentrations close to the emissions site, but substantial impacts on particulate matter and atmospheric deposition often occur at considerable distances downwind, with particle nitrate being the main vector of ammonia/um transport. Ammonia emissions reductions therefore have trans-boundary and possibly trans-oceanic consequences downwind. Calculations of critical-load exceedances for sensitive ecosystems in Canada suggest that ammonia emission reductions will have a minimal impact on current ecosystem acidification within Canada, but may have a substantial impact on future ecosystem acidification. The 50% Canadian beef-cattle ammonia emissions reduction scenario was used to examine model sensitivity to uncertainties in the new Canadian agricultural ammonia emissions inventory, and the simulation results suggest that further work is needed to improve the emissions inventory for this particular sector.

Pediatric Pain Control Practices of North American Burn Centers

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Pelley Martin-Herz ◽  
David R. Patterson ◽  
Shari Honari ◽  
Janet Gibbons ◽  
Nicole Gibran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Pediatric Pain ◽  
Burn Centers
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